HIFU: Effects and Clinical Effectiveness of Non-surgical Therapy for Uterine Fibroids

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Erratum to: HIFU: Effects and Clinical Effectiveness of Non-surgical Therapy for Uterine Fibroids

Author's list and affiliation correction.

Efficient Mining of Interesting Patterns in Large Biological Sequences

Pattern discovery in biological sequences (e.g., DNA sequences) is one of the most challenging tasks in computational biology and bioinformatics. So far, in most approaches, the number of occurrences is a major measure of determining whether a pattern is interesting or not. In computational biology, however, a pattern that is not frequent may still be considered very informative if its actual support frequency exceeds the prior expectation by a large margin. In this paper, we propose a new interesting measure that can provide meaningful biological information. We also propose an efficient index-based method for mining such interesting patterns. Experimental results show that our approach can find interesting patterns within an acceptable computation time.

An Efficient Approach to Mining Maximal Contiguous Frequent Patterns from Large DNA Sequence Databases

Mining interesting patterns from DNA sequences is one of the most challenging tasks in bioinformatics and computational biology. Maximal contiguous frequent patterns are preferable for expressing the function and structure of DNA sequences and hence can capture the common data characteristics among related sequences. Biologists are interested in finding frequent orderly arrangements of motifs that are responsible for similar expression of a group of genes. In order to reduce mining time and complexity, however, most existing sequence mining algorithms either focus on finding short DNA sequences or require explicit specification of sequence lengths in advance. The challenge is to find longer sequences without specifying sequence lengths in advance. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to mining maximal contiguous frequent patterns from large DNA sequence datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed approach is memory-efficient and mines maximal contiguous frequent patterns within a reasonable time.

An unusual foreign body in the bladder 5 years after a laparoscopic burch colposuspension / 대한산부인과학회지

Stress urinary incontinence is the predominant symptom in young and middle-aged women. Stress urinary incontinence is not a life-threatening disease but can lead to discomfort, which can also limit the social and sexual activities of women. Lately TOT operation is performed in most cases of stress urinary incontinence. But Burch colposuspension had been one of successful operations for genuine stress incontinence until TOT procedure was performed. Burch colposuspension has significant morbidity such as bleeding, infection and wound hematoma, and subsequent complications including voiding difficulty, de novo detrusor instability, recurrent urinary tract infection and uterovaginal prolapse. In this case, Delayed migration of the suture and bolster after an endoscopic Burch colposuspension across tissue planes, with subsequent erosion into the bladder, is uncommon. We report an unusual complication 5 years after Burch operation. It was an intravesical foreign body granuloma caused by suture material.

The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Alcohol Craving in Alcohol Dependent Individuals / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of smoking on alcohol cravings in alcoholdependent individuals. METHODS: Study participants were 123 male smokers, 18 to 65 years of age, diagnosed with alcohol dependence. The study questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, alcohol drinking habits, smoking habits, the Korean Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (12-item TCQ), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). We divided the subjects into high-OCDS score and low-OCDS score groups. RESULTS: The high-OCDS group had a higher alcohol drinking frequency and greater average amount of alcohol consumed than did the low-OCDS group. Also, the high-OCDS group smoked a higher average number of cigarettes per day and had higher 12-item TCQ scores and FTND scores. Logistic regression analysis showed scores of the 12-item TCQ and the FTND were the most significant variables for predicting alcohol cravings. CONCLUSION: This study shows that alcohol cravings are significantly related to cigarette cravings and to severity of nicotine dependence.

The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Tobacco Craving Questionnaire / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (K-TCQ), a multidimensional, self report instrument evaluating tobacco craving in a population of current smokers. METHODS: The Korean version of TCQ was administered to 216 current cigarette smokers. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the K-TCQ was high (0.95) which provided the evidence for the internal consistency. The test-retest reliability of K-TCQ was 0.66 (correlation coefficient, p<0.01). The correlation coefficients between the K-TCQ and each five VAS questionnaires were high (0.50-0.59, p<0.01). Inter-correlations of K-TCQ, VAS, FTQ, BDI, STAI-I and STAI-II were significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of TCQ is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating tobacco craving.

Clinical use of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in the management of postpartum hemorrhage / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of clinical use of a intrauterine Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (S-B tube) in postpartum hemorrhage not controlled with medication and conservative treatment. METHODS: Retrospective review was done in 18 women with insertion of S-B tube into intrauterine cavity who did not controlled with medication and conservative treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. After third stage of labor, women were treated with prophylactic intramuscular Methylergonovine 0.2 mg and intravenous infusions of oxytocin routinely. If the postpartum bleeding continued, Misoprostol 800 microgram (per rectal) and intravenous infusions of Dinoprost 2 mg mixed with 5% D/S 500 cc were employed. And then women were examined for retained placenta and laceration of birth canal. Where necessary, retained placenta was removed and lacerations were sutured. If the postpartum bleeding did not controlled despite all of procedures, we decided use of intrauterine S-B tube. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 30.9+/-4.4 (27-39) years, their mean body weights and parities were 67.8+/-8.2 (56.2-85.7) kg, 1.8+/-0.8 (1-4) and mean gestational age was 38.5+/-2.9 (37-42) weeks respectively. The mean time from delivery to insertion of S-B tube was 107.6+/-94.0 (24-360) minutes. The mean filled normal saline amount was 190.5+/-35.2 (120-230) cc. Of 18 who was inserted of S B tube, 15 cases needed not additional surgical therapy. So success rate was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Insertion of intrauterine S-B tube appears as a simple and effective means of treating postpartum hemorrhage not controlled with medication and conservative treatment.

The Effectiveness of a Preoperative Use of Misoprostol in Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of a single preoperative dose of rectal misoprostol in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). METHODS: Between October 2003 and July 2004, 63 patients underwent LAVH with a single preoperative dose of rectal misoprostol 400 microgram at Grace women's hospital. To compare efficacy of a single preoperative dose of rectal misoprostol, 63 patients underwent LAVH without misoprostol were sampled during same period at Grace women's hospital. Clinicopathological variables were collected from the review of medical record and compared between two groups. Included variables were age, parity, BMI, uterus weight, largest myoma diameter, operation time, 24 hr Hb change, blood loss during operation, postoperative morbidity and postoperative complication. Associations between variable were studied using paired t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, parity, BMI, uterus weight, largest myoma diameter between each groups. Comparing each groups in operative outcomes, estimated blood loss (155.0 +/- 97.8 mL vs 220.1 +/- 82.5 mL) and 24 hr Hb change (1.10 +/- 0.53 g/dL vs 1.57 +/- 0.46 g/dL) were significantly reduced in misoprostol group. CONCLUSION: A single preoperative dose of rectal misoprostol is a simple, reliable method for reducing intraoperative blood loss in LAVH.

Effects of Metformin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) undergoing In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of metformin in PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2004, 87 cycles in 32 PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET at the Infertility clinic of Grace Women's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups and enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of PCOS was made by the criteria from 2003 Rotterdam Consensus. Metformin group (19 patients, 45 cycles) received metformin (Daewoong Pharma Co., Korea; 500 mg three times or two times a day from one or two months before and during IVF cycle) and control group (13 patients, 42 cycles) did not receive metformin. All patients received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using gonadotropins (Fostimon, IBSA, Switzerland) with GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide, Serono, Germany). When leading follilces reached 18 mm in diameter, recombinant hCG 250 ?g (OVIDREL, Serono, Italy) was injected. Oocytes were retrieved transvaginally 35 hours later. The luteal phase was supported everyday by progesterone 50 mg IM (Progest, Samil, Korea) with micronized progesterone 200 mg vaginal insertion (Utrogestan, Besins, France). RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the patients age (34.1+/-3.0 vs 33.5+/-2.9 years), the duration of infertility (4.3+/-1.3 vs 4.5.+/-1.3 years) and BMI (23.5+/-2.4 vs 24.01+/-2.7 kg/m2) among two groups (p> or =0.05 for each). There was also no statistical difference in the indications of IVF among two groups; ovulation factor (27 cycles vs 23 cycles), tubal factor (7 vs 8), male factor (8 vs 7) and other factor (3 vs 4) (p> or =0.05). The duration of ovulation induction in metformin group was significantly shorter when compared with control group (10.1+/-2.3 vs 13.8+/-2.2 days, p<0.05). Total doses of FSH-HP in metformin group were significantly less than that in control group (30.3+/-11.5 vs 39.9+/-11.7 ampules, p<0.05). There was no difference in the number of aspirated oocytes (10.5+/-4.7 vs 9.6+/-3.6), the fertilization rate (65.9+/-17.4% vs 63.2+/-25.9%), implantation rate (30.3+/-11.5% vs 38.1+/-17.3%) and the number of good quality embryo (5.0+/-1.8 vs 4.7+/-2.5, p< or =0.05). Clinical pregnancy rate was higher in metfomin group (33.3% vs. 23.8%), although statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: Although more randomized study is needed, metformin therapy in PCOS patients undergoing IVF has possibility of reducing the duration of COH and the gonadotropin doses.

A Case of Edward Syndrome with Choroid Plexus Cyst / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Trisomy 18 is the second most common chromosomal anomaly which reach to live birth next to Down syndrome. Several methods were proposed to screen patients on the risk of Edward syndrome like maternal serum levels of total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated estriol or free beta hCG with AFP, but the serum screening has only 67% detection rate with a 7.2% of false positive rate. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations which the serum markers have, detailed ultrasound examination is also necessary and sensitivity of 80% was reported. We report a case of Trisomy 18 fetus in which choroid plexus cyst was the only abnormal sonographic finding.