ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The distribution of ABO and Rhesus D (RhD) blood group antigens differs according to race and region. Previous studies have reported that blood group type was associated with not only transfusion-related diseases but also various diseases, such as malignancy and infectious disease. However, true relationship of blood groups and many diseases remained controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether ABO and RhD blood groups are correlated with several infectious diseases. METHODS: From January 2003 to December 2012, we retrospectively reviewed results for HBsAg, HCV Ab, HIV Ab, VDRL, HAV IgM, CMV IgM, EBV VCA IgM, and Clostridium difficile toxin A and B (CD toxin). We also reviewed ABO and RhD results of these patients. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression test. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were determined. RESULTS: A total of 109,898 medical records of ABO and HBsAg results were reviewed. Blood group type-A was more prone to have positive results with HBsAg, while blood group type-O was less affected (odds ratio 1.086, P=0.003, odds ratio 0.935, P=0.029, respectively). With 3,171 records of CD toxin, blood group type-O was more affected (odds ratio 1.247, P=0.027). The relationship of the other serologic results and blood groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence of HBsAg and CD toxin showed an association with blood group type. Blood group type-A had higher HBsAg seroprevalence than the other group. Blood group type-O was more prone to have CD toxin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Group Antigens , Clostridioides difficile , Communicable Diseases , Racial Groups , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Herpesvirus 4, Human , HIV , Immunoglobulin M , Korea , Logistic Models , Medical Records , Odds Ratio , Phenotype , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Ramen is one of the most favorite instant noodles in Korea. Ramen is usually cooked by hot water and it may cause scald burns. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of reman-related scald burns (RRSBs) in children. METHODS: From Jan 2007 to Dec 2011, RRSBs in children under 14 years-old were retrospectively evaluated. Age, burn surface area, burn location, ramen source, and seasonal variation were evaluated. RESULTS: During 4 years, 191 children were treated with RRSBs (9.6% of total scalding burns). The average age was 5.6 years and the sex ratio was 1:0.93 for males and females. The mean burn surface area (BSA) was 2.2%. The peak age was 1 year (17.3%) followed by 2 years (12.0%). The packet ramen and cup ramen ratio was 1:0.24. August was the peak month (13.1%) and the most affected skin lesion was lower extremity (45.1%). CONCLUSION: Approximately 5% of scald burn injured children were affected by ramen. Toddlers are the most affected age group. The lower extremity was the most common lesion. Burns from ramen is preventable. Parents and carers should be careful when handle hot water to prevent burns in their children.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Burns , Caregivers , Korea , Lower Extremity , Parents , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , Sex Ratio , SkinABSTRACT
The number of patients with diabetes mellitus continues to increase worldwide. Diabetes is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of heart failure is twice as high in diabetic men and five times as high in diabetic women aged between 45 and 74 years. We report a case of congestive heart failure in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A 16-year-old girl, who had been treated for diabetes mellitus since 10 years ago, presented with dyspnea, orthopnea and generalized edema. Echocardiography showed dilated left ventricle and systolic dysfuction. She improved with treatment by diuretics, digoxin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and glycemic control.