Effect of perinatal exposure to monosodium glutamate on the visual cortex of adult albino rats

Monosodium glutamate [MSG], the sodium salt of glutamate, is commonly used as a flavor enhancer in many food preparations. Its use has become controversial because of reports of adverse reaction in people who have eaten foods that contain monosodium glutamate. One of these adverse reactions was the blurring of vision. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of monosodium glutamate [MSG] on visual cortex of albino rats. A total 20 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into two groups. Control group and treated group which received monosodium glutamate by gastric gavages in a dose of 2 g/kg b.w from late pregnancy until the end of weaning. Offspring of two groups were left until puberty [2 month old pregnancy until the end of weaning. Offspring of two groups were left until puberty [2 month old rats]. The offspring of both groups were sacrificed at 60 days and their visual cortices were prepared for histological examination by light and electron microscope. The results revealed severe neuronal degeneration. The neurons of treated visual cortex contained hyperchromic, pyknotic nuclei. The cytoplasm became vacuolated and contains large lipofuscin pigments. The mitochondria became swollen with indented membrane, the Golgi apparatus were absent with the presence of few rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome. The blood vessels were dilated with the presence of perivascular edema. It is concluded that the oral intake of monosodium glutamate during pregnancy and lactation has degenerating effect on the visual cortex of the raf's offspring

Effect of compliance to Kegel exercises on the improvement of stress incontinence

Stress incontinence is the most prevalent form of female urinary incontinence; it affects approximately 5% of younger women to nearly 50% of elderly women. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of compliance to Kegel exercises on the improvement of women experiencing stress urinary incontinence and examining the factors affecting their compliance. Subject and Methods of this study was carried out as a quasi-experimental clinical trial. It comprised 60 stress urinary incontinent women attending to the outpatient clinics of urology and gynecology in El Minia University Hospital El Minia General Hospital and Suzan Muharak University Hospital They were assigned to a pelvic floor muscle training program for 3 months. Treatment outcomes "were assessed by subjective evaluation, and palpation and provocation tests. The results revealed that most patients were cured or improved [95.0%] after practicing Kegel exercises. The majority had good or powerful contraction on palpation test [50.0% and 45.0%]. In the provocation test, 40.0% and 50.0% had no or slight leakage, respectively. Age, BMI, level of education, gravidity, parity, number and amount of episodes, and compliance were factors that affected women improvement, while compliance was affected by job status, parity, and residence. Kegel exercises were effective in the treatment of stress incontinence, and the success of Kegel exercises depends on proper technique and compliance with a regular exercise program. The study recommended the development of training programs for nurse midwives and for those working in gynecologic clinics for early selection of women with SUI and caring for them