ABSTRACT
Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae) has been widely used in African folk medicine, and researchers have recently revealed its anti-inflammatory effects in human. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic properties of methanolic extracts of M. oleifera in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats.
ABSTRACT
Immune system is involved in the etiology and path physiologic mechanisms of inflammation. Medicinal plants are an important source of substances which are claimed to induce nonspecific immune modulator effects. Given the above information and the role of IL-6 in inflammation and pain induction, this study investigated the effects of Achillea santolina and Stachys athorecalyx methanolic and defatted extracts on cmpiete Freund-s adjuvant [CFA] -induced short term inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was induced on day zero by CFA injection in hind paw of rats. Methanolic and defatted extractions were prepared form aerial parts of both plants. 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of extracts were selected for IP treatment during 6 days after CFA injection. Results indicated dose related effects of A. santolina and S. athorecalyx extracts on edema, hyperalgesia and serum IL-6 level during inflammation. Although, both methanolic and defatted extracts of S. athorecalyx showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory symptoms, no significant differences was observed between these two kinds of extracts of S. athorecalyx with respect to their anti inflammatory effects. Only methanolic extract of A. santolina was effective during CFA-induced inflammation. These results could suggest that short-term administration of A. santolina and S. athorecalyx extracts possess potent anti-inflammatory effects and modulate paw edema, hyperalgesia and serum IL-6 level during CFA-induced inflammation. In addition, these dose-dependent effects may mediate via different extract supplements which need more investigations
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Stachys , Freund's Adjuvant , Hyperalgesia , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Rats, Wistar , Plant Extracts , Interleukin-6 , Inflammation , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammation. Medicinal plants are an important source of substances which are claimed to induce non-specific immunomodulatory effects. In view of this and on account of the interleukin (IL)-6's role in inflammation and pain induction, this study investigated the effects of Achillea santolina extracts on inflammation which was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in male Wistar rats.
ABSTRACT
It has been demonstrated that the adrenal medullary transplants into the spinal subarachnoid space can alleviate neuropathic pain behaviors. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility that histological changes of the sciatic nerve in a neuropathic model as well as sensory dysfunction are repaired by adrenal medullary transplantation. Left sciatic nerve was ligated in three groups of rats by 4 loose ligatures [CCI]. After one week of nerve constriction, rats of first group were implanted with adrenal medullary tissue [CCI + adrenal medulla] and rats of the second group with striated muscle at the level of L1-L2 [CCI + muscle]. The third group received only left ligature [CCI] and in the fourth group the sciatic nerve was exposed and then muscle and skin sutured [sham]. Behavioral assessment was evaluated before surgery and 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 days after the onset of experiment. According to behavioral results, 4 rats in each group were anesthetized and then the distal part of sciatic nerve were isolated and prepared for histological quantitative investigation of nerve regeneration. The results showed that CCI was accompanied with hyperalgesia and morphological changes in the distal part of sciatic nerve. In animals with adrenal medullary transplantation, not only hyperalgesia was markedly reduced or even eliminated, but also the number of myelinated fibers in the distal segment of nerve increased to nearly normal. Our findings showed that the implantation of adrenal medullary tissue might have caused regeneration of ligated nerves as well as alleviation of pain behavior