Research progress of the regulation of orphan nuclear receptors on chronic liver diseases / 生理学报

The development of chronic liver disease can be promoted by excessive fat accumulation, dysbiosis, viral infections and persistent inflammatory responses, which can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenesis. An in-depth understanding of the etiology leading to chronic liver disease and the underlying mechanisms influencing its development can help identify potential therapeutic targets for targeted treatment. Orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs) are receptors that have no corresponding endogenous ligands to bind to them. The study of these ONRs and their biological properties has facilitated the development of synthetic ligands, which are important for investigating the effective targets for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. In recent years, it has been found that ONRs are essential for maintaining normal liver function and their dysfunction can affect a variety of liver diseases. ONRs can influence pathophysiological activities such as liver lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and cancer cell proliferation by regulating hormones/transcription factors and affecting the biological clock, oxidative stress, etc. This review focuses on the regulation of ONRs, mainly including retinoid related orphan nuclear receptors (RORs), pregnane X receptor (PXR), leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), Nur77, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), on the development of different types of chronic liver diseases in different ways, in order to provide useful references for the therapeutic strategies of chronic liver diseases based on the regulation of ONRs.

Effect of BBM gene on callus growth and ginsenoside content in Panax quinquefolius / 中国中药杂志

Baby Boom(BBM) gene is a key regulatory factor in embryonic development and regeneration, cell proliferation, callus growth, and differentiation promotion. Since the genetic transformation system of Panax quinquefolius is unstable with low efficiency and long period, this study attempted to transfer BBM gene of Zea mays to P. quinquefolius callus by gene gunship to investigate its effect on the callus growth and ginsenoside content, laying a foundation for establishing efficient genetic transformation system of P. quinquefolius. Four transgenic callus of P. quinquefolius with different transformation events were obtained by screening for glufosinate ammonium resistance and molecular identification by PCR. The growth state and growth rate of wild-type and transgenic callus were compared in the same growth period. The content of ginsenoside in transgenic callus was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that transgenic callus growth rate was significantly higher than that of wild-type callus. In addition, the content of ginsenoside Rb_1, Rg_1, Ro, and Re was significantly higher than that in wild-type callus. The paper preliminarily proved the function of BBM gene in promoting growth rate and increasing ginsenoside content, which provided a scientific basis to establish a stable and efficient genetic transformation system for Panax plants in the future.

Excellent appearance of Dao-di Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and interaction mechanism between genetic and environmental factors: a review / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di medicinal materials produced in a specific environment always present excellent appearance and high quality. Because of the unique appearance, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is regarded as a paradigm in the research on excellent appearance. This paper systematically summarized the research progress in the genetic and environmental factors influencing the formation of the excellent appearance of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, aiming to provide reference for the quality improvement of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and the scientific connotation of Dao-di Chinese medicinal materials. The Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma with high quality generally has a robust and long rhizome, a large angle between branch roots, and the simultaneous presence of a robust basal part of rhizome, adventitious roots, rhizome bark with circular wrinkles, and fibrous roots with pearl points. The cultivated and wild Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma have significant differences in the appearance and no significant difference in the population genetic diversity. The differences in the appearance are associated with cell wall modification, transcriptional regulation of genes involved in plant hormone transduction, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation. The rhizosphere soil microorganisms including Fusarium and Alternaria, as well as the endophytes Trichoderma hamatum and Nectria haematococca, may be the key microorganisms affecting the growth and development of Panax ginseng. Cultivation mode, variety, and root exudates may be the main factors influencing the stability of rhizosphere microbial community. Ginsenosides may be involved in the formation of the excellent appearance. However, most of the available studies focus on the partial or single factors in the formation of Dao-di medicinal materials, ignoring the relationship within the complex ecosystems, which limits the research on the formation mechanism of Dao-di medicinal materials. In the future, the experimental models for the research involving genetic and environmental factors should be established and mutant materials should be developed to clarify the internal relationship between factors and provide scientific support for the research on Dao-di medicinal materials.

Predictive validation of existing bleeding and thromboembolic scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#The validation of various risk scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been reported. The present study compared the predictive performance of existing risk scores in these patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 1252 elderly patients with AF and ACS comorbidities (≥ 65 years old) were consecutively enrolled from January 2015 to December 2019. All patients were followed up for one year. The predictive performance of risk scores in predicting bleeding and thromboembolic events was calculated and compared.@*RESULTS@#During the 1-year follow-up, 183 (14.6%) patients had thromboembolic events, 198 (15.8%) patients had BARC class ≥ 2 bleeding events, and 61 (4.9%) patients had BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. For the BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events, discrimination of the existing risk scores was low to moderate, PRECISE-DAPT (C-statistic: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.611-0.665), ATRIA (C-statistic: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.587-0.642), PARIS-MB (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), HAS-BLED (C-statistic: 0.597, 95% CI: 0.569-0.624) and CRUSADE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). However, the calibration was good. PRECISE-DAPT showed a higher integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) than PARIS-MB, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and CRUSADE (P < 0.05) and the best decision curve analysis (DCA). For thromboembolic events, the discrimination of GRACE (C-statistic: 0.636, 95% CI: 0.608-0.662) was higher than CHA2DS2-VASc (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), OPT-CAD (C-statistic: 0.602, 95% CI: 0.574-0.629) and PARIS-CTE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). The calibration was good. Compared to OPT-CAD and PARIS-CTE, the IDI of the GRACE score slightly improved (P < 0.05). However, NRI analysis showed no significant difference. DCA showed that the clinical practicability of thromboembolic risk scores was similar.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The discrimination and calibration of existing risk scores in predicting 1-year thromboembolic and bleeding events were unsatisfactory in elderly patients with comorbid AF and ACS. PRECISE-DAPT showed higher IDI and DCA than other risk scores in predicting BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. The GRACE score showed a slight advantage in predicting thrombotic events.

Wnt/b-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND@#All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), but the intrinsic relationship between BMP9 and ATRA keeps unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of Cyp26b1, a critical enzyme of ATRA degradation, on the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and unveiled possible mechanism through which BMP9 regulates the expression of Cyp26b1. @*METHODS@#ATRA content was detected with ELISA and HPLC–MS/MS. PCR, Western blot, and histochemical staining were used to assay the osteogenic markers. Fetal limbs culture, cranial defect repair model, and micro–computed tomographic were used to evaluate the quality of bone formation. IP and ChIP assay were used to explore possible mechanism. @*RESULTS@#We found that the protein level of Cyp26b1 was increased with age, whereas the ATRA content decreased. The osteogenic markers induced by BMP9 were increased by inhibiting or silencing Cyp26b1 but reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. The BMP9-induced bone formation was enhanced by inhibiting Cyp26b1. The cranial defect repair was promoted by BMP9, which was strengthened by silencing Cyp26b1 and reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. Mechanically, Cyp26b1 was reduced by BMP9, which was enhanced by activating Wnt/b-catenin, and reduced by inhibiting this pathway. b-catenin interacts with Smad1/5/9, and both were recruited at the promoter of Cyp26b1. @*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings suggested the BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated by activating retinoic acid signalling, viadown-regulating Cyp26b1. Meanwhile, Cyp26b1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone-related diseases or accelerating bone-tissue engineering.

CeO / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Drought is a common limiting factor affecting rice yield and quality. Cerium oxide nanoparticles(nanoceria) have been widely reported to improve crop stress tolerance. However, the effects and mechanisms of nanoceria on rice drought tolerance are still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nanoceria can improve rice drought tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species(ROS) homeostasis and nitric oxide(NO) levels. Our results showed that compared with no-nanoparticle treatment, nanoceria significantly increased the fresh weight of rice seedlings under drought stress(19%, P < 0. 05). Also, under drought stress, the ROS level of rice leaves treated with nanoceria was significantly lower(82%, P < 0. 05) than leaves treated with buffer. The leaf NO level after nanoceria treatment, however, is significantly higher(46%, P < 0. 05) than that with no-nanoparticle treatment under drought stress. Moreover, compared with control plants, nanoceria maintained better membrane integrity in rice leaf cells under drought stress, showing a 70% decrease(P < 0. 05) in dead leaf cells. This study explores the mechanisms underlying nanoceria’s improved rice drought tolerance by affecting ROS and NO levels, which not only further enriches our knowledge about the interaction between nanoparticles and crops under abiotic stress but also gives more support on the sustainable development of nano-enabled agriculture.

Total Glucosides of Paeony Improve Renal Injury in Mice with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Regulating TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effect of total glucosides of paeony （TGP） on the renal injury of MRL/lpr mice based on the Toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway and explore the immunological mechanism of TGP in preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. MethodMRL/lpr female mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into a model group， a dexamethasone group （0.15 g·kg-1）， and high- （0.078 g·kg-1） and low-dose （0.039 g·kg-1） TGP groups， and female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to a blank group， with 7 mice in each group. Mice in each group were treated with corresponding drugs or normal saline by gavage at the same time every day. After 4 weeks， samples were collected. The kidney and spleen were weighed， and the organ index was calculated. Serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） levels in each group were detected by biochemical assay. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the kidney. The degree of renal fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining. The serum levels of interleukin （IL）-2， interferon （IFN）-α， IL-4， and anti-nuclear antibody （ANA） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of TLR9， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in renal tissues was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression of TLR9 and NF-κB p65 in renal tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. The protein expression of TLR9， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in renal and spleen tissues was tested by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased SCr， BUN， spleen index， and kidney index （P<0.05）， deteriorated pathological injury and fibrosis in renal tissues， elevated serum levels of IFN-α， IL-4， and ANA， decreased level of IL-2 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated TLR9， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein levels in the kidney and spleen （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the TGP groups displayed reduced SCr， BUN， spleen index， and kidney index （P<0.05）， relieved pathological damage and fibrosis in renal tissues， decreased serum levels of IFN-α， IL-4， and ANA （P<0.05）， increased level of IL-2， and declining mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR9， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the kidney and spleen （P<0.05）. ConclusionTGP may inhibit the expression of downstream inflammatory factors to regulate immunity and resist SLE-induced renal injury by regulating the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Research progress on role of traditional Chinese medicine in hepatic fibrosis based on miRNA-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, liver fibrosis has become a hotspot in the field of liver diseases. MicroRNA(miRNA)-mediated Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The present study mainly discussed the role of miRNA-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Different miRNA molecules regulated liver fibrosis by mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, including miRNA-350-3 p(miR-350-3 p)/interleukin-6(IL-6)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/c-myc signaling pathway, miR-148 a-induced autophagy and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling pathway, miR-155-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome by the negative feedback of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1(SOCS-1), miR-181 a-mediated downstream NLRP3 inflammatory pathway activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB) inflammatory pathway, miR-21-promoted expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 of RAW264.7 cells in mice by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α inducible protein 3(A20), and miR-20 b-promoted expression of IL-1β and IL-18 by activating NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, the anti-liver fibrosis mechanism of different active components in Chinese medicines(such as Curcumae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Epimedii Folium, and Cinnamomi Cortex) was also explored based on the anti-liver fibrosis effect of miRNA-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Ethanol on Adventitious Root Growth of Panax quinquefolium and Ginsenosides / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To screen out the suitable nonpolar molecular cosolvent and concentration with adventitious root phenotype and ginsenoside content in the controlled experiment as the evaluation indexes， so as to lay a solid foundation for exploring the causes for good shape and high quality of <italic>Panax quinquefolium</italic>. Method:After being treated with different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） and ethanol， the adventitious roots were scanned using a panoramic scanner， and the resulting images were used for measuring the branch number and average diameter by WinRHIZO Pro 2016， Synbiosis ProtoCol 3 colony counter， Image J， and SmartRoot. The contents of ginsenosides Rg₁， Rb₁， and Re were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Result:Compared with the blank control， the 0.1% DMSO and 75% ethanol made the adventitious root phenotype and ginsenoside contents significantly changed. Specifically， the branch number and average diameter were significantly reduced. The ginsenoside Rg₁ in the adventitious roots decreased after 0.1% DMSO treatment， whereas the ginsenosides Rg₁ and Re increased after 75% ethanol treatment. The adventitious root phenotype and ginsenoside contents in the 0.1% DMSO treatment group were not significantly different from those in the control group. Conclusion:The 0.01% DMSO does not affect the adventitious root growth of <italic>P. quinquefolium </italic>and is insoluble in water， enabling it to be considered as a suitable nonpolar molecular cosolvent for future research on the genetic causes for the good shape and high quality of <italic>P. quinquefolium</italic>.

Bioinformatics analysis and function prediction of ginseng TCP transcription factor family / 中国中药杂志

The longevity mechanism of ginseng(Panax ginseng) is related to its strong meristematic ability. In this paper, this study used bioinformatic methods to identify the members of the ginseng TCP gene family in the whole genome and analyzed their sequence characteristics. Then, quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR was performed to analyze the TCP genes containing elements rela-ted to meristem expression in the taproots, fibrous roots, stems, and leaves. According to the data, this study further explored the expression specificity of TCP genes in ginseng tissues, which facilitated the dissection of the longevity mechanism of ginseng. The ginseng TCP members were identified and analyzed using PlantTFDB, ExPASy, MEME, PLANTCARE, TBtools, MEGA and DNAMAN. The results demonstrated that there were 60 TCP gene family members in ginseng, and they could be divided into two classes: Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ, in which the Class Ⅱ possessed two subclasses: CYC-TCP and CIN-TCP. The deduced TCP proteins in ginseng had the length of 128-793 aa, the isoelectric point of 4.49-9.84 and the relative molecular mass of 14.2-89.3 kDa. They all contained the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) domain. There are a variety of stress response-related cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of ginseng TCP genes, and PgTCP20-PgTCP24 contained the elements associated with meristematic expression. The transcription levels of PgTCP20-PgTCP24 were high in fibrous roots and leaves, but low in stems, indicating the tissue-specific expression of ginseng TCP genes. The Class Ⅰ TCP members which contained PgTCP20-PgTCP23, may be important regulators for the growth and development of ginseng roots.

Overexpression of Purinergic P2X4 Receptors in Hippocampus Rescues Memory Impairment in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes / 神经科学通报·英文版

Purinergic receptors have been reported to be involved in brain disorders. In this study, we explored their roles and mechanisms underlying the memory impairment in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM rats exhibited a worse performance in the T-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) than controls. Microglia positive for P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4R) in the hippocampus were reduced and activated microglia were increased in T2DM rats. Long Amplicon PCR (LA-PCR) showed that DNA amplification of the p2x4r gene in the hippocampus was lower in T2DM rats. Minocycline significantly reduced the number of activated microglia and the mean distance traveled by T2DM rats in the MWM. Most importantly, P2X4R overexpression suppressed the activated microglia and rescued the memory impairment of T2DM rats. Overall, T2DM led to excessive activation of microglia in the hippocampus, partly through the DNA damage-mediated downregulation of P2X4Rs, thus contributing to memory impairment.

Establishment of an in vitro screening model for uranium decorporation chelators based on the competitive ELISA method / 药学学报

Uranium [U(Ⅵ)] in the blood is known to form stable complexes with apotransferrin (apo-Tf), which plays an important role in mediating the cytotoxicity induced by U(Ⅵ) transported to cells. The present study aimed to establish an new in vitro screening model of U(Ⅵ) decorporation agents through exploring the capability of chelating agents competing with U(Ⅵ) binding to apo-transferrin based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optimal concentrations of apo-Tf coated antigen, Tf antibody, secondary antibody and U(Ⅵ) treatment were achieved and the stability and reproducibility of this method were validated by methodology study. Using this model, the ability of four chelating agents to mobilize the U(Ⅵ) binding to apo-Tf was evaluated, and the rank of competitiveness was catechol-3,6-bis(methyleiminodiacetic acid） (CBMIDA) ≈ Tiron > apo-Tf > DTPA-CaNa3 ≈ DTPA-ZnNa3. The efficacy of these chelating agents in removal of U(Ⅵ) was tested by animal experiments. The results showed that immediate administration of CBMIDA or Tiron after injection of U(Ⅵ) in mice significantly promoted urinary U(Ⅵ) excretion and reduced U(Ⅵ) accumulation in kidneys and femurs, while DTPA-CaNa3 and DTPA-ZnNa3 have no obvious effects as compared to U(Ⅵ)-exposed mice alone, which was consistent with the results of competitive ELISA method. The animal experiments conform to the rules of the Animal Research Ethics Committee of School of Pharmacy of Fudan University. These results show that the new proposed method is rapid, simple and convenient with good reproducibility and has the potential to be used for in vitro screening of U(Ⅵ) decorporation agents.

Overview of "--" acupuncture, an acupuncture school of 's Zhuang medicine of Guangxi / 中国针灸

The theory of "--" of Zhuang medicine was explored and the academic achievements and experience of professor - were summarized to explain the theory and clinical characteristics of -- acupuncture, an acupuncture school of 's Zhuang medicine of Guangxi. This acupuncture method is guided by the theory of "three- synchronization" and "--" of Zhuang medicine, based on the theory of "three channels and two paths", with regulating as the method and regulating spirit as the basis. After the patient is calmed and resting, the micro needle shallow needling technique is adopted, mainly at the umbilical ring point, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the mind and treating the root cause.

Research Progress of Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Signal Pathway Related to Inflammatory Response / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Atherosclerosis （AS） is a chronic inflammatory disease which has great threat to human health in our society. The coronary heart disease， stroke and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by it have a high mortality and disability rate. AS is characterized by endothelial dysfunction， lipoproteins accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration， with a complex pathological mechanism during its evolution. Inflammatory response runs through the whole process of occurrence and development of AS， and is a common link of many pathological factors. Intervention of inflammatory response is an effective way and important strategy to control AS. By virtue of its unique advantages， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the clinical treatment. According to the TCM theory， the formation and development of AS are closely related to five factors， namely wind， fire， phlegm， blood stasis and deficiency. Among them， blood stasis and turbid phlegm are the most closely related. Blood stasis and turbid phlegm are both pathological products and pathogenic factors. Their formation is mainly due to the imbalance of Yin and Yang in the whole body， dysfunction of viscera and organs and obstruction of transfusion of Qi， blood and body fluid. The pathogenic factors are not only independent， but also related. In recent years， there are more and more studies on the intervention effect and mechanism of TCM on AS， but the intervention effect of TCM on the inflammatory response signaling pathways has not been reported. In this paper， it mainly introduces the understanding of the effect of TCM against AS and seven signaling pathways relating to the intervention effect of TCM on the inflammatory response， which are Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） dependent signaling pathway， reactive oxygen species （ROS） dependent signaling pathway， CD40-CD40L signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor （TLR） dependent signaling pathway.

Development and Comparison of Determination of Staphylococcus aureus in Different Processed Products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix Based on Real-time PCR Technique / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the changes of Staphylococcus aureus in different processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Method:The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method （Real-time PCR） was established to quantitatively analyze S. aureus in Angelicae Sinensis Radix decoction pieces which bought from different producing areas， different enterprises and different storage time. The fluorescence quantitative reaction system was SYBR Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ of 10 μL， each of forward primer and reverse primer （10 μmol·L-1） of 0.8 μL， template/genome DNA of 1 μL， double distilled water of 7.4 μL. The reaction conditions of the fluorescence quantitative amplification curve were pre-denaturing for 30 s at 94 ℃， denaturing for 10 s at 94 ℃， annealing for 12 s at 60 ℃， extensing for 30 s at 72 ℃， cycling 45 times， single-point detection signal at 72 ℃. The melting curve was made from 72 ℃， and the step temperature of 0.5 ℃ was kept for 15 s to collect fluorescence. According to the results of Real-time PCR， representative samples were selected from Angelicae Sinensis Radix decoction pieces for comparison between plate counting method and Real-time PCR. Result:The content of S. aureus in different processed products was sorted by rank of raw Angelicae Sinensis Radix>soil-fried Angelicae Sinensis Radix>wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The content of S. aureus was the lowest in the samples from Weiyuan area of Gansu province by comparing with other producing areas. Compared with the retail enterprises， the content of S. aureus in raw products and wine-processed products from production and sale enterprises was lower. Different storage time had certain effect on the content of S. aureus in raw products and wine-processed products， and the content of S. aureus increased with the increase of storage time. The detection results of plate counting method were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of Real-time PCR. Conclusion:The established Real-time PCR is superior to plate counting method in specificity， sensitivity， reliability and reporting period， which can provide an effective method for rapid and accurate quantitative detection of S. aureus in different processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

Effect of an Active Polyphenol Compound LM49 on Polarization of RAW264.7 Macrophages / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of LM49(2,4′, 5′-trihydroxy-5,2′-dibromobenzophenone) on M1/M2 phenotype in RAW264.7 macrophages by LPS plus INF-γ and its regulation mechanism on M1/M2 polarization. METHODS MTT assay was used to determine the effect of LM49 on cell viability. Different concentrations of LM49 (5, 10, 20 μmol•L-1) were used to intervene in LPS combined with IFN-γ induced macrophages, the expression of macrophage subsets of markers and the effect on JAK/STAT of the signaling pathway were examined by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: Compared with LPS/INF-γ group, LM49 significantly inhibited the number of CD16/32+ cells and the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α, increased the number of CD206+ cells and the mRNA expression of Arg-1 and IL-10, and decreased the ratio of M1/M2 in macrophage. It was demonstrated that LM49 significantly reduced the proteins expression levels of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB and STAT1, while inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT1 by Western-blot. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that LM49 inhibits M1 polarization and promotes M2 polarization in RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting TLR4-Myd88-NF-κB and JAK2-STAT1 pathway, regulating the balance of M1/M2 ratio in macrophages.

Study on the use of CT three-dimensional reconstruction technique for guiding tracheal intubation with rigid fiber bronchoscope in difficult airway / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the significance of CT three-dimensional reconstruction technique for guiding tracheal intubation with rigid fiber bronchoscope in difficult airway.@*METHODS@#In this study, 44 patients undergoing selective operation of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status) I to II, neck stiffness, neck trauma needed braked, or severe cervical spondylosis were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 24 cases in the experimental group (group E) and 20 cases in the control group (group C). The stylets of the rigid fiber bronchoscopes were shaped according to the CT three-dimensional reconstruction images and parameters obtained before surgery. The rigid fiber bronchoscopes shaped according to the CT three-dimensional reconstruction images were used in group E, while the rigid fiber bronchoscopes with the original angles were used in group C. Tracheal intubation operations were all performed by an anesthesiologist who had more than 10 years' clinical experience and mastered in rigid endoscopic intubation techniques. The first attempt success rate and the total success rate of tracheal intubation, intubation time, blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation at different time points including pre-induction, immediately after intubation, 1-5 minutes after intubation, and intubation related complications within 24 hours were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The total success rate of intubation in the two groups were both 100%. The first attempt success rate of intubation was 96% in group E, and 70% in group C. The first attempt success rate of group E was higher than that of group C. The intubation time of group E was (20.7± 10.6) s, and (21.5 ± 17.6) s of group C. Group E was shorter than that of group C, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). RPP equaled the product of heart rate and systolic pressure, which represented the stress reaction of intubation on hemodynamics, was lower in group C at T0, T1, T2, T4 and T5 separately than that in group E, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in tracheal intubation related complications between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#CT three-dimensional reconstruction technique has certain guiding significance in difficult tracheal intubation with rigid fiber bronchoscope in patients with fixed cervical spine.

UPLC fingerprint and multi-components content determination of different processed products of Angelica sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Ten batches of Angelica sinensis from three producing areas( Tuoxiang,Minxian and Weiyuan of Gansu province) were selected as the research objects,and processed into raw A. sinensis,A. sinensis with alcohol,and A. sinensis with soil respectively through the standard processing methods. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) was used to establish fingerprint for three processed products of A. sinensis,and determine the contents of 9 phenolic acids and phthalide compounds. The similarity was analyzed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine,which showed that the chromatographic peaks of the same processed samples of A. sinensis were basically similar,with all similarities greater than 0. 950. The difference between different processed products and their control spectra was not obvious,with all similarities also higher than 0. 950.On the basis of using principal component analysis( PCA) and OPLS-DA to seek the difference components between groups,the improved distance coefficient method can be used to effectively distinguish the three processed products of A. sinensis by fingerprint similarity. At the same time,the determination method of nine phenolic acids and phthalide in A. sinensis was established by UPLC,and the comparison between different processed products was carried out. The results showed that the content of various components was changed as compared with the raw A. sinensis. The contents of coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in the A. sinensis with alcohol were increased significantly,and the content of coniferyl ferulate was obviously increased in A. sinensis with soil. The method established in this paper can effectively distinguish different processed products of A. sinensis and determine the content of the main components in them.

Comparative study of 3D printing implant guide in different implant surgeries in anterior tooth defect area / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the accuracy of 3D printing implant-guided anterior tooth implantation under flap or flapless surgery.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one cases (32 teeth) with missing teeth were divided into two groups: tooth implantation on the maxillary models under flap surgery (FP group) and tooth implantation on the maxillary models under flapless surgery (FPS group). A dental implant guide was designed and used in the two groups. The actual position of the dental implants in the two groups was compared with the preplanned deviation values of implant top, bottom, vertical distance, and angle deviation. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The deviation values of implant top, bottom, vertical distance, and angle were significantly lower in the FP group than in the FPS group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High accuracy of tooth implantation can be realized by using the 3D printing implant guide. The different surgical methods influence the precision of tooth implantation. Clinicians can choose the surgery reasonably depending on the actual situation.

Low-Charge Electrotherapy in Geriatric Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Case Series

To examine the feasibility of low-charge electrotherapy (LCE) in treating geriatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Bi-temporal LCEs (approximately 25 mC) were performed with an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) instrument three times per week. We used the Hamilton Depression Scale 17 (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) to assess the effects of LCE and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate the cognitive function change before and after LCE. Six visits occurred at the baseline, after LCE sessions 3, 6, and 9, after the last session, and at the end of the one-month follow-up period. Four patients were enrolled in the study. Two patients completed all LCE sessions. Two patients withdrew during the trial, one due to the adverse event of uroschesis potentially caused by atropine and the other due to her own will. All four patients completed the follow-up sessions. The HAMD-17 and HAMA scores were reduced significantly at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with the scores at the baseline. As measured by the MMSE, cognitive impairment showed no significant changes at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with that at the baseline. In this case series, LCE showed potential as an alternative current-based treatment for treating geriatric MDD patients. Further research is needed to assess the efficiency and safety of LCE.