ABSTRACT
Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system.The prognosis of patients with positive lymph nodes is worse than that of patients with negative lymph nodes.An accurate assessment of preoperative lymph node statushelps to make treatmentdecisions,such as the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Imaging examination and pathological examination are the primary methods used to assess the lymph node status of bladder cancer patients before surgery.However,these methods have low sensitivity and may lead to inaccuate staging of patients.We reviewed the research progress and made an outlook on the application of clinical diagnosis,imaging techniques,radiomics,and genomics in the preoperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer patients at different stages.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Cystectomy/methods , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Lymph Nodes/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective To improve the teaching effects of medical image processing.Methods Teaching content was reformed considering the problems encountered during clinical practice and research. Modern teaching methods such as problem-based learning and flipped classroom were adopted. In addition, professors from world famous Universities were invited to teach lessons.A website was also built for this course.Moreover,the students were encouraged to participate in after-class research.Finally,a new practice-based teaching mode with characteristic content and modern methods was developed.By adopting information technology,all-round students could be gifted with international vision.Results The students'interest was stimulated and their problem solving skills were improved.Conclusion The teaching effects of medical image processing can be largely improved by research,so that the students can not only master the course content well but also develop skills to solve practical problems.