ABSTRACT
Curcumin is a natural product extracted from Curcuma longa. It has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. Previous studies have demonstrated that curcumin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production via inhibition of NF-κB in macrophages. However, its role in adaptive immune cells such as T cells, in vivo, has not clearly been elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of curcumin in T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells and on Ab production during NP-ovalbumin immunization in mice. The results revealed that curcumin administered daily significantly increased CXCR5⁺B-cell lymphoma 6⁺ T(FH) cells and CD95⁺GL-7⁺ germinal center (GC) B cells in draining lymph nodes. In addition, curcumin treatment in mice induced total Ab production as well as high affinity IgG1 and IgG2b Ab production. Collectively, these results suggest that curcumin has positive regulatory roles in T(FH) cell functions and GC responses. Thus, this could be an advantageous supplement to enhance humoral immunity against infectious diseases and cancer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibody Formation , B-Lymphocytes , Communicable Diseases , Curcuma , Curcumin , Germinal Center , Immunity, Humoral , Immunization , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulins , Lymph Nodes , Lymphoma , Macrophages , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography for detection of fetal anomalies in first trimester. METHODS: This cohort included pregnant women between 9~14 weeks of gestation from April 2000 to April 2002 at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university. Besides ACOG (1993) criteria, we scan nuchal translucency, FHR, cranium, abdominal wall and nuchal lesion using transvaginal sonography. If the anatomical survey was normal, the women underwent routine 18~24 weeks anomaly scans. RESULTS: 20 fetuses were identified as having 21 anomalies. Central nervous system anomaly (38%: 8/21) was the most frequent type of malformation. The other detected anomalies were isolated disorders of the lymphatic system 28% (6/21: two cystic hygromas and four nuchal edema), cystic hygroma associated with hydrops 14% (3/21), abdominal wall defects 14% (3/21), skeletal dysplasia 5% (1/21). Of the 20 fetuses that was diagnosed, 14 patients had elective first-trimester abortion, two had spontaneous fetal deaths, four were delivered at term. CONCLUSION: Besides offering the possibility of early termination, first trimester sonography has the advantage of identifying a transient sonographic sign, nuchal edema, which can be used as a marker in screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abdominal Wall , Central Nervous System , Chromosome Aberrations , Cohort Studies , Edema , Fetal Death , Fetus , Gynecology , Lymphangioma, Cystic , Lymphatic System , Mass Screening , Nuchal Translucency Measurement , Obstetrics , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Pregnant Women , Skull , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cystoscopy has been included as diagnostic procedure for pretreatment evaluation of cervical cancer by FIGO. However, its invasiveness brings up a question regarding the necessity of inclusion in staging work up of cervical cancer. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical implication of cystoscopy in cervical cancer staging. METHODS: 128 patients with invasive cervical cancer patients who were histologically diagnosed from Jan 1995 to Dec 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. Physical examination, computed tomography (CT), cystoscopy were performed in all patients. The distribution of FIGO stage was Ib 48.4%, II 35.2%, III 8.6%, and IV 7.8%. Bladder invasion was evaluated in CT and histopathologic examination was performed on cystoscopy when invasion was suspected. McNemar test was used to compare the finding in CT and cystoscopy for matched patients. P-value of 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: Among seven patients whose bladder was suspected to be invaded by cervical cancer in CT scan, three patients had actual bladder invasion confirmed by cystoscopy (positive predictive rate = 42.9%). CT was statistically comparable to cystoscopy (P = 0.375, McNemar test; contingency coefficient = 0.481). CONCLUSION: Cystoscopy, which is an invasive procedure, may not be necessary and might be substituted by CT scan for pretreatment evaluation in some subset of cervical cancer patients.