Relationship between Binocular Visual Function and Quality of Life in Bilateral Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients

PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of stereopsis and contrast sensitivity on the quality of life and to evaluate the relationship between integrated binocular visual field (IVF) and binocular visual function in bilateral normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. METHODS: Stereopsis and contrast sensitivity tests were performed and compared among 44 NTG patients and 32 normal subjects. The IVF was integrated using the best location method. The correlation between visual function and subscales of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) was evaluated using univariate linear regression. RESULTS: Stereopsis and contrast sensitivity for the bilateral NTG patients were decreased compared to the normal controls. Stereopsis and contrast sensitivity exhibited a significant correlation with social functions related to vision and color vision among subscales of NEI VFQ-25. IVF mean deviation (MD) and better eye MD showed a significant correlation with stereopsis and contrast sensitivity, while worse eye MD showed no association. CONCLUSIONS: Deterioration of stereopsis and contrast sensitivity in NTG patients affects their quality of life related to social functions and color vision. Both IVF and better eye MDs are correlated with stereopsis and contrast sensitivity in NTG patients.

A Case of Primary Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Orbit

PURPOSE: Hodgkin lymphoma involving the orbit and ocular adnexal tissue is very rare and usually appears in the form of a metastatic tumor at the end stage of the disease. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma in the orbit has not been previously reported, and herein we report a case of primary Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in the bilateral orbit. CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old male presented with a left lower eyelid mass that increased in size over 2 years. The patient had no specific past medical history or family history except diabetes. During the physical examination, a fixed mass was gently palpated in the left lower eyelid. Mild upgaze limitation was observed during extraocular muscle movement examination in both eyes. Orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed soft tissue masses involving the bilateral inferior rectus muscle and left lower eyelid. The patient was diagnosed with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma after pathological examination following incisional biopsy. The patient was transferred to the oncology department for tumor staging. Positron emission tomography showed no involvement of other organs except both orbits. After systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the patient was under observation for 14 months without ophthalmic and systemic complications or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The authors present a case of primary nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma that occurred in the orbit. After systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the patient was in good general condition.