Progress in application of adult endogenous neurogenesis in brain injury repair / 生理学报

Persistent neurogenesis exists in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain. Adult endogenous neurogenesis not only plays an important role in the normal brain function, but also has important significance in the repair and treatment of brain injury or brain diseases. This article reviews the process of adult endogenous neurogenesis and its application in the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or ischemic stroke, and discusses the strategies of activating adult endogenous neurogenesis to repair brain injury and its practical significance in promoting functional recovery after brain injury.

Research progress on muscle spindle morphology / 生理学报

Muscle spindle is the key proprioceptor in skeletal muscles and plays important roles in many physiological activities, such as maintaining posture, regulating movement and controlling speed variation. It has significant clinical relevance and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of motor functional impairment and metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized muscle spindle distribution and the mechanism of mechanical signal transmission, and reviewed the research progress on morphological and structural characteristics of muscle spindles.

Electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal postnatal early development mediated by AMPA receptors in rats / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal postnatal early development mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into postnatal 0.5-, 1-, 2- and 3-month groups (n = 12). Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) mediated by AMPA receptors were recorded to evaluate the changes in the intrinsic membrane properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by using patch-clamp and MED64 planar microelectrode array technique respectively. The results showed that, during the period of postnatal 0.5-3 months, some of the intrinsic membrane properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, such as the membrane capacitance (Cm) and the resting membrane potential (RMP), showed no significant changes, while the membrane input resistance (Rin) and the time constant (τ) of the cells were decreased significantly. The amplitude, frequency and kinetics (both rise and decay times) of sEPSCs were significantly increased during the period of postnatal 0.5-1 month, but they were all decreased during the period of postnatal 1-3 months. In addition, the range of evoked fEPSPs in hippocamal CA1 region was significantly expanded, but the fEPSP amplitudes were decreased significantly during the period of postnatal 0.5-3 months. Furthermore, the evoked fEPSPs could be significantly inhibited by extracellular application of the AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). These results suggest that AMPA receptor may act as a major type of excitatory receptor to regulate synaptic transmission and connections during the early stage of hippocampal postnatal development, which promotes the development and functional maturation of hippocampus in rats.

High-proportion differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and formation of neural networks induced by active biomaterial scaffolds in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Either good biocompatibility and biological activity of active biological materials or the potential of multidirectional differentiation of neural stem cells has great application prospect and value. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan active biomaterial scaffolds on the differentiation of neural stem cells and the expression of key proteins of the neurotrophic factor 3 signal pathway in vitro. METHODS: The neural stem cells were extracted and purified, and then divided into pure culture medium group, soluble neurotrophic factor 3 group, pure chitosan group, and neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group for differentiation induction. The expression of TrkC, Akt / p-Akt and Erk/p-Erk in the neurotrophic factor 3 signaling pathway was detected by western blot after 6 hours of induction. After 7 days of induction, differentiation of neural stem cells was observed by immunocytochemistry of MAP2, MBP, and GFAP. After 14 days of induction, formation of neural network induced by neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan active biomaterials was observed by immunocytochemistry of MAP2, Synapsin-1, and PSD95. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group induced a high proportion of neural stem cells differentiated into neurons, with a ratio of 73.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the other three groups. Meanwhile, the proportion of cells differentiated into glial cells waslower than that in the other three groups. The expression of key proteins TrkC, p-Akt and p-Erk in the neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group was higher than that in the other three groups. Meanwhile, neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan could induce the in vitro differentiation of neural stem cells to form neural network.

Determination of plasma EBV DNA in 91 children with EBV-associated diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the plasma level of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA in children with EBV associated diseases, and to investigate the dynamic changes of EBV DNA level after initial infection as well as the relationship between EBV DNA level and the diseases severity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects consisted of 73 children with primary EBV infection (infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia,etc.) and 18 children with severe EBV-associated diseases (chronic active EBV infection, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, etc.). The plasma EBV DNA level was detected by a real-time PCR assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma EBV DNA level decreased with the infection time in children with primary EBV infection. Two weeks after infection, plasma EBV DNA was almost undetectable. The positive rate of plasma EBV DNA in children with severe EBV associated diseases increased significantly when compared with that in children with primary EBV infection (89% vs 16%; p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The level of EBV replication may be reduced with the infection time. Dynamic determination of blood EBV DNA is useful for the evaluation of disease severity in children with EBV infection.</p>

Clinically controlled study on children's infectious mononucleosis treated by Chinese medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese drugs for the treatment of children's infectious mononucleosis (CIM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty CIM patients were assigned into the treated group and the control group, patients in the treated group were administered with Chinese herbal decoction, and those in the control group were treated with intravenous dripping of ganciclovir 10 mg/kg per day, for a treatment course of 14 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 96.0% in the treated group and 97.1% in the control group, showing insignificant difference between groups. The efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group on the fever clearance time (3.0+/-1.5 days vs 4.9+/-3.9 days ) and the disappearance time of cervical lymph node swelling (0.8+/-1.0 score vs 1.5+/-1.2 score), showing statistical significance (all P<0.05). T-cell subsets were markedly improved in both groups after treatment. Adverse reaction occurred in four cases of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using Chinese herbs for clearing heat, removing toxin, activating blood circulation, and dissolving stasis is effective and safe for the treatment of CIM. It can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and shows a certain effect on immune regulation.</p>

Randomized controlled study on acupuncture for treatment of diabetic paralytic squint / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on diabetic paralytic squint.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two cases of diabetic paralytic squint were randomly divided into a medication group, an acupuncture group and an acupuncture and medication group. The medication group were treated with intramuscular injection of Methyl vitamin B12 250 microg, once daily; the acupuncture group were treated by acupuncture at different acupoints according to different paralytic muscles of eyes with adjuvant acupoints selected according to symptoms; the acupuncture and medication group were treated with the routine medicine and acupuncture. The treatment was given for 28 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of 87. 5% in the acupuncture group and 95.7% in the acupuncture and medication group were higher than 54.5% in the medication group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the acupuncture group and the acupuncture and medication group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has a definite therapeutic effect on diabetic paralytic squint, which is better than that of routine medication.</p>

Diagnostic Criteria and Treatment of Chronic Active Epstein - Barr Virus Infection / 实用儿科临床杂志

Chronic active Epstein - Barr virus infection(CAEBV) is an uncommon outcome of EBV infection and may present as severe of fulminant syndrome with high- mortality. It is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms persisting over a long time and by an unusual pattern of anti-EBV antibodies. Although it occurs in immunocompetent individuals, a number of subtle immunologic defects have been reported in patients with CAEBV. Up to now, there are still no diagnostic criteria of CAEBV in China,so the author introduce it with respect to its diagnosis,history,pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches.

Expression of JAK/STAT signal pathway in collagen-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To explore the dynamic change and meaning of JAK/STAT signal path in the invasive course of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into 6 groups ran- domly,eight rats served as the control group,the rest were for the development of CIA models.Rats were sac- rificed at the 2nd,3rd,4th,5th and 6th week after the initial immunity respectively.Then HE staining,im- munohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to detect the pathological changes of synovium in different st ages and the expression of p-STAT1 and p-STAT3.Results On the second week after initial immunity,the rats had arthritis,and the inflammation achieved its peak at the 4th week,then gradually relieved,and a few joints developed rigidity,synovium hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen at the second week of initial immunity,and pannus could be seen at the 4th week as well as cartilage destroy at the 6th week by HE staining.In the invasive course of CIA,STAT1 and STAT3 were all in activated state detected by im- munohistochemistry and immunoblotting,which were significantly different from those of control group and they had a positive correlation with arthritis index,the Pearson's value of them were 0.798 and 0.873 respectively. However,there was some difference on time.STAT3 kept at activated state and had positive correlation with pathology score of synovium,and the Pearson's value was 0.622.On the contrary,the activation of STAT1 was obviously delayed and only confined to the middle and advanced stage of the disease.Conclusion JAK/STAT signal pathway participates the pathological course of CIA,and blocking the different point of JAK/STAT path- way'activation process may reach the goal of reversing the RA's pathological course.