ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Psychological distresses and complaints in sleep, in addition to physical distresses such as pruritus and bone pain, are common in patients with hemodialysis. The purposes of this study were to investigate 1)the severity of physical distresses, 2)the severity of depression and anxiety, 3)the sleep disturbances, and 4)the correlation of the above variables in patients with hemodialysis. METHODS: The patients with hemodialysis (male 87, female 66)and controls (male 58, female 55)completed a self-administered questionnaire package, which included Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and questions characterizing the reported sleep problems and quantitating the severity of the self-perceived physical and psychological conditions with linear visual analogue scales. RESULTS: The results indicated that patients with hemodialysis complained of more physical distresses, more depressed mood, and more sleep disturbances suggesting insomnia, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, nightmare and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc. There were significant positive correlations of physical distresses, depressed mood and sleep disturbances. However, there were no significant differences in state and trait anxiety between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that the quality of life in patients with hemodialysis will be improved if their emotional and sleep disturbances are properly ameliorated.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Anxiety , Depression , Dreams , Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome , Pruritus , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Renal Dialysis , Restless Legs Syndrome , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyse sleep habits and sleep disorders in the elderly population ased 65-84 years. METHODS: Epidemiological survey was performed at home by means of semistructured interviews in the city of Pusan, Korea. Subjects were randomly selected. The questionnaire consisted of 128 items including demographic findings, sleep habits, sleep disorders, somatic illnesses, and psychological distresses. RESULTS: (1) The mean retiring time was 10.28 h (SD1.30 h) and the mean wake-up time was 5.24 h (SD 1.33 h). The mean duration of sleep was 5.63 h (SD 1.80 h ). The subjects reported they woke up an average of 2.05 (SD 1.59) times per night. All of the above results were not related to age or gender. However, the mean frequency of difficulty in initiating/maintaining sleep was 2.2 times for men and 3.2 times for women (p<0.05). (2) The prevalence of insomnia was 57.7% and was not related to age or gender. Difficulty in initiating sleep was the most commonly reported insomnia complaint(52.4%). Early morning awakening was reported by 50.0% of patients and difficulty in maintaining sleep was reported by 45.1% of them. Worrying in bed and physical pain were strong contributing factor to insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed several characteristics of sleep habits in the elderly. Sleep disorder in old age is not inevitable or trivial. Since sleep disturbance in older adults is common and distressing, it has implications for general health and well-being. Active concern and therapeutic intervention for the sleep habits and sleep disorders in the elderly are needed.