Quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens present in the saliva of geriatric subjects

PURPOSE: At present, information regarding periodontal disease in geriatric patients is scarce. The purpose of this study was to quantify the periodontal pathogens present in the saliva of Korean geriatric patients and assess the relationship between the bacterial levels and the periodontal condition. METHODS: Six putative periodontal pathogens were quantified by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in geriatric patient groups (>60 years) with mild chronic periodontitis (MCP), moderate chronic periodontitis (MoCP), and severe chronic periodontitis (SCP). The copy numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia were measured. RESULTS: It was found that the bacterial copy numbers increased as the severity of the disease increased from MCP to SCP, except for P. intermedia. For P. intermedia, it was found that samples in the MCP group yielded the largest amount. It was also found that the quantities of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola, the so-called "red complex" bacteria, were lower than those of F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia in all of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the results of this study suggest that the levels of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola present in saliva are associated with the severity of periodontal disease in geriatric patients.

Odontogenic Keratocyst Associated with an Ectopic Tooth in the Maxillary Sinus: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

Odontogenic keratocysts are benign intraosseous tumors of odontogenic origin that occur most commonly in the jaw. In particular, they have a predilection for the angle and ascending ramus of the mandible. In contrast, odontogenic keratocysts arising in the maxillary sinus are relatively rare. Two such cases are reported herein. In addition, the English literature that concerns odontogenic keratocysts of the maxillary sinus is reviewed.

Prevalence of Oral Microbes in the Saliva of Oncological Patients

This study examined the prevalence of oral microbes in the saliva of oncological patients and healthy subjects. PCR was used to assess the frequency of oral microbes including 3 cariogenic bacteria, 5 periodontopathic bacteria and 4 Candida species in the saliva of 104 oncological patients and 52 healthy subjects. Among these microorganims, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Candida albicans were most frequently detected in both groups. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria between the patient and healthy groups, whereas significant differences in the frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of all five periodontopathogens was higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The prevalence of C. albicans in patients was significantly higher than that of healthy group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and C. albicans between the oncological patient group and healthy group.

Pulp response of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide / 대한치과보존학회지

This study was performed to verify the possibility of MTA and calcium sulfate as a pulp capping agent through comparing the dental pulp response in dogs after capping with MTA, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. 24 teeth of 2 dogs, 8 month old, were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, cervical cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed with sterilized #2 round bur in a high speed handpiece. MTA, calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate were applied on the exposed pulp. Then the coronal openings were sealed with IRM and light-cured composite. Two months after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The extracted teeth were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution and were decalcified in formic acid-sodium citrate. They were prepared for histological examination in the usual manner. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In MTA group, a hard tissue bridges formation and newly formed odontoblasts layer was observed. There was no sign of pulp inflammatory reaction in pulp tissue. In calcium hydroxide group, there was no odontoblast layer below the dentin bridge. In pulpal tissue, chronic inflammatory reaction with variable intensity and extension occurred in all samples. In calcium sulfate group, newly formed odontoblast layer was observed below the bridge. Mild chronic inflammation with a few neutrophil infiltrations was observed on pulp tissue. These results suggest that MTA is more biocompatible on pulp tissue than calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate.

Effects of LED irradiation on the expression of apoptosis-related molecules in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

To verify the inhibitory or protective effects of light-emitting diode(LED) irradiation on apoptotic cell death induced by CoCl2, human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CoCl2 and LED were used to irradiate the cells. In the cell viability assay, cells were died slowly from 50 micrometer to 250 micrometer and about 50% of cells died after 12 hours at 400 micrometer of CoCl2. The Diff-Quik staining revealed that cells showed condensation of DNA and blebbing of the cell membrane. The DNA fragmentation assay revealed the DNA fragmentation, which is another apoptosis marker, occurred in cells treated with 400 micrometer CoCl2 for 16 hours. In the western blot for HIF-1 alpha, HIF-1 alpha was expressed after 3 hours from induction and peaked maximally at 16 hours. In the cell viability assay of the effects of LED irradiation (at 590 nm for 1 hour 20 minutes), the cells showed more proliferation (about 20%) than the control group. The RPA assay of various apoptosis-related molecules showed that pro-apoptosis molecules such as Bax, Bak, and Bid were upregulated in the CoCl2 treatment group. This means that the apoptotic cell population was increased. However there was some significant changes in LED irradiated cells. In the CoCl2-treated LED irradiation group, those molecules were down-regulated more than in the only CoCl2-treated group. These results have shown that CoCl2 may induce apoptotic cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. And LED irradiation has a positive effect on apoptotic cells by down-regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules.

Clinical study of ameloblastoma on the jaw

Ameloblastoma, a benign tumor of odontogenic type, represents 10% of all tumors of the jaw. It is localized in the mandible (80%) and in the maxilla(20%). In every case, the selection of the surgical treatment must consider some fundamental elements, including the age and general state of health the clinicopathological variant, and the localization and extent of the tumor. This study was invested the clinicopathological findings of 23 patients with ameloblastoma which had been diagnosed by biopsy during the period of 1987 to 2005 at Chonnam National University Hospital. And it contained the statistical analysis according to the treatment methods and the clinicopathological findings such as sex, age, location, chief complaints, duration, radiographic findings, histologic findings, treatment methods. The results obtained are were follows. The age of patient ranged from 10 to 91 years(means, 35.9 years) at biopsy. Thirteen(57%) of the 23 subjects were males, and 10(43%) were females. Twenty(87%) of the 23 ameloblastomas were located in the mandible. Swelling was the most common symptom and was experienced by 20(87%) patients. Radiographically, 11(48%) of the 23 tumors were unilocular with a well-demarcated border and 12(52%) were multilocular. The most common histologic pattern was plexiform and acanthomatous rather then follicular. Conservative treatment was performed 7 cases(30%), radical treatment 11 cases(48%), and combined treatment 5 cases(22%). Follow-up period ranged from 2.1 years to 22 years(mean 5.1 years). Based on the above results, surgical excision after marsupialization was found to be useful as a preliminary treatment of the large cystic ameloblastoma in children and adolescents. On the contrary, the lesion with a soap bubble appearance, the one with ineffective marsupialization was subjected to extensive excision of the tumor with a wide margin of normal bone.

Ultrastructural study of the levator veli palatint muscle in cleft palate patients

Necrosis of a parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma: A case report

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the parotid gland, generally presenting as a slowly growing, firm, well-circumscribed, painless nodule. It is often difficult to separate into benign and malignant categories because its bland histomorphologic and cytologic features. This tumor can be rarely associated with cystic change, hemorrhagic necrosis, or spontaneous infarction. Necrosis of lesional tissue may be associated with malignant transformation, particularly in a pleomorphic adenoma. We report a case of 50-year-old woman presented with a enlarging right parotid mass. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated a right superficial lobe mass with ill-defined border. The preoperative fine needle aspiration yielded necrotic debris and atypical squamous elements that were thought to be compatible with high degree of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A total parotidectomy with intraoperative frozen section revealed extensive necrosis and diagnosed as malignant tumor. This tumor was finally diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma with necrosis on permanent sections. Caution should be exercised in evaluation of the parotid neoplasms with central necrosis to avoid misdiagnosis of such lesions as malignancy.

Distribution of Aquaporins (Water Channels) in the Rat Salivary Glands / 대한해부학회지

The salivary glands produce 1.5 l of fluid per day. As in other organs, the general paradigm in the salivary glands is that water movement occurs secondary to osmotic driving forces created by active salt transport. Therefore, high water permeability in salivary glands is expected to need a variety of aquaporin (AQP), a water channel. Although four AQPs have been known to reside in salivary glands, the precise location and roles of AQPs have been not well examined. This study is aimed to investigate the distribution of AQPs in 3 major salivary glands and their changes after cholinergic stimulation using immunohistochemical study in Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300 g under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. AQP1 was localized in the endothelial cells of all salivary capillary vessels and the myoepithelial cells. AQP4 was demonstrated in the epithelium of the excretory ductal cells of all salivary glands. AQP5 and 8 were abundantly present in the basolateral membrane and apical membranes of the serous acini including intercellular secretory canaliculi, whereas AQP5 was weakly present in mucous acini. In addition, AQP5 was found in the epithelium of the intercalated and striated ducts. Upon stimulation of carbachol (10 micro gram/kg, I.P). AQP5 and 8 tended to translocate from basolateral membrane to the apical membrane, appearing as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 and 8 are the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in salivary acinar cells.

Correlation Of Metastasis And Prognostic Factors In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Head And Neck

The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation of metastasis and prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Examination was performed on a series of thirty-seven patients who were confirmed to squamous cell carcinoma and its lymphatic metastasis by pathologist. Correlations of metastasis and other factors such as angiogenesis, histologic grading, and p53 expression and ras oncogene were studied. The depth of tumors was around 1 to 27mm. Twenty cases were more than 10mm deep, of which seventeen cases were shown lymphatic metastasis. Total score of histologic grading including keratinization, nuclear atypia, growth pattern and intensity of inflammation was ranged from 5 to 10 points. Of these factors, nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation, and nuclear atypia with growth pattern was correlated with nuclear atypia each. For angiogenesis, number of new-formed vessels were counted 13 to 58 each. Twenty-eight cases were shown to lymphatic metastasis. No correlation with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis was found. The results of immunohistochemical staining for p53 and ras oncogene revealed that positive cases were 16 and 22, negative for 21 and 15 each. However, both were not correlated with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis. These results were revealed that angiogenesis was not correlated with lymphatic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma arising in head and neck. Nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation and dysplasia with growth pattern were correlated with histologic grading, which suggested that more careful and adequate advice is needed for effective treatment.

Immunohistochemical study of nitric oxide synthase in salivary glands / 대한해부학회지

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been known to regulate the salivary secretion and glandular blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied in salivary glands. The present study was aimed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in 3 major salivary glands of the rat. Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was observed in arterial endothelium, striated duct, granular convoluted duct of the submandibular gland, intercalated duct, and mucous acinar cells of the sublingual gland. eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was most prominent in the arterial endothelial layer and that of the striated and granular convoluted duct was well concentrated in columnar epithelial layer. However, eNOS-positive immunoreactivity of the intercalated duct and mucous acinus was weak. Neural NOS (nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was seen in submandibular ganglion, autonomic postganglionic fiber, striated duct, granular convoluted duct, and intercalated duct. nNOS-positive immunoreactivity of the submandibular ganglion and autonomic postganglionic fiber was most prominent and that of the ductal system was well concentrated in epithelial layer. eNOS or nNOS-positive immunoreactivity was not detected either in excretory ducts or in serous acinar cell. Inducible NOS-positive immunoreactivity was not seen. There results reveal the presence of eNOS and nNOS in the salivary gland, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow.

ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION USING INTRAORAL DISTRACTION DEVICE IN DOGS

The aim of this study was to show the feasibility and potential advantages of using the new intraoral distraction device for alveolar ridge augmentation. Four adult mongrel dogs were used. We designed intraoral distraction device for augmentation of vertical height of the edentulous ridge. The left upper and lower premolars and first molars were extracted and an alveoloplasty was performed to simulate an atrophic ridge. After 12 weeks of healing, an osteotomy was made and the intraoral distraction device was applied in order to distract alveolar segment upward. A permucosal pin was exposed intraorally. Latency period was allowed for 7 days before distraction began. The distraction device was activated with a rate of 1.0 mm/day for 9 days. At 2 weeks after completion of the distraction, the device was removed. At 8 weeks after distraction, the animals were sacrificed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic examinations were performed. Macroscopically, no significant abnormalities such as infection were occurred in the distracted area. The average distracted distance was 7.6+/-1.4 mm and new bone was formed in the distracted gap in all animals. Bone remodeling without crestal bone resorption was observed in the distracted area. In several animals, fibrous tissue was present in the buccal cortical bone area. These results suggest that the intraoral diatraction device may have the potential for use in augmentation of the atrophic edentulous ridge.

Soft tissue changes following bimaxillary surgery in skeletal class iii malocclusion patients

Effect of fibrin adhesive on healing of full-thickness wounds in the rat's hard palate

Periodontal response following application of intrusive forces to the incisors with bone loss and periodontal disease in adult dogs / 대한치과교정학회지

While periodontal disease results in the extrusion of upper incisors with interdental spacing in adult patient, the intrusive movement should be executed for the rehabilitation in terms of esthetics and function. The present study was performed to investigate the periodontal response following orthodontic intrusion of teeth with infrabony pocket. Bone defect and periodontal disease were produced adjacent to the both maxillary second lateral incisors in four adult dogs. Four weeks later, a flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and a reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of bottom of each defect. Two weeks after periodontal surgery, 4 weeks of intrusion and subsequent another 4 weeks of retention was executed on the right side of incisors while left incisors served as the control. Through the histologic analysis, following results were obtained. 1. Histologic section of control side showed the reduction of pocket depth after flap operation. However, the status of long junctional epithelium was observed while new connective tissue attachment occurred in a small area adjacent newly formed cementum. 2. Epithelial attachment was less around the intruded incisor while new connective tissue attachment was much more compared to the control side. 3. Plenty of cells were observed in the connective tissue around the reference notch of the intruded incisor and the degree of the new cementum fonnation was higher in the intruded incisor than the control. The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic intrusion of periodontally involved and extruded incisors could be carried out with a desirable periodontal response, provided that inflammation is under control.

DNA ploidy and Cellular Proliferation Activity in Experimentally Induced Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

To fine out the changes of DNA ploidy and cellular proliferation activity during carcinogenesis and evaluate correlation between flow cytometrically determined S-phase fraction and proportion of proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA, PC10) immunoreactive cells, the authors studied on malignant fibrous histocytoma induced by intra-articular injection of 9, 10-dimethy1-1, 2-benzanthracene(DMBA) in the rats. Forty Wistar rats were used. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Firstly, tumors were palpated 5 weeks after the last injection of DMBA and formed in 27 rats at sacrificed. Histologically, these lesions showed storiform, indicative of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 2) Three cases of DNA aneuploidy were observed at 4 and 5 months after the last injection of DBMA and one of them, which was DNA diploidy at main mass, was found at daughter mass. 3) Flow cytometrically determined S-phase fraction and proportion of PCNA(PC10) immunoreactive cells in malignant fibrous histiocytoma induced by DMBA were much higher than in control groups and slightly increased according to sequential changes after formation of mass. The comparison of flow cytometrically determined S-phase fraction and proportion of PCNA(PC10) immunoreactive cells showed significant correlation(r=0.6092, p<0.001). Above results strongly suggest that ploidy pattern may evolve into aneuploid type during the development of tumor and proliferation activity increases during the carcinogenesis.

Correlation between Expression of c-erbB-2 Oncogene and Various Prognostic Factors in the Colorectal Carcinoma

The c-erbB-2 oncogene, which is a new human proto-oncogene similar to EGFR structurally, generates a glycoprotein of tyrosine kinase family with a molecular weight of 185,000 To evaluate the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression in colorectal carcinoma, We analysed 73 colorectal carcinomas in paraffin sections immunohistochemically, using the monoclonal antibody specific for the c-erbB-2 oncogene product and correlated with clinicopathological data. The results were as follows 1) The immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 oncogene was localized to cell membrane of the tumor cells and occasionally observed within the cytoplasm. 2) The positivity of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression was 71.2%(52/73) of the colorectal carcinomas overall. According to the histological types, the positivity of c-erbB-2 oncogene in adenocarcinoma(77.4%) was higher than that in mucinous carcinoma(36.4%)(p<0.05). 3) Expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis(p=0.0117), Dukes stage(p=0.0432), and TNM classification(p=0.0102). These results suggest that c-erbB-2 oncogene expression may be used as a prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma because of its correlation with other clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with unerupted tooth:report of a case

No abstract available.

Neurilemmoma of the infratemporal fossa: report of a case

No abstract available.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face: report of a case

No abstract available.