ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol pretreatment on activation and inflammation of astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/ R) injury in vitro. Methods Twenty newborn SD rats within 24 hours were recruited, and their primary cultured astrocytes were deprived of oxygen glucose for 150 minutes and reoxygenation for 24 hours. The experiment was divided into the normal (Nor), the control (Ctrl) and the resveratrol pretreatment (Res) groups. Cell viability was detected with CCK-8 assay. Cell proliferation was measured with 5-ethynyl-2’- deoxyuridine (EdU). The expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β proteins were determined with immunofluorescence. The expressions of GFAP, S100β, vimentin, interleukin (IL)-10, β-interferon (IFN-β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1 β proteins were detected with Western blotting. The levels of IL-10, IFN-β, TNF-α and IL-1β proteins in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results CCK-8 assay showed that with the increase of resveratrol concentration (5, 20 and 40 μmol/ L), the cell viability increased gradually, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0. 01). After that, with the increase of resveratrol concentration (80 and 100 μmol/ L), the cell viability decreased significantly, and the cell viability of 100 μmol/ L resveratrol group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0. 02). EdU testing showed that after OGD/ R injury, the percentage of EdU positive cells in the control and resveratrol group was significantly higher than that of in the normal group (P<0. 01), while it was significantly lower in the resveratrol pretreatment group than that of the control group (P<0. 01).Immunofluorescence, Western blotting and ELISA method showed that the expressions or levels of GFAP, S100β, vimentin, IL-10, IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β proteins in the control and resveratrol group were significantly higher than that of the normal group (P<0. 05), but the expressions or levels of IL-10 and IFN-β proteins in the resveratrol group were higher than those of the control group, and the others were lower than the control group (P<0. 05).However,the expressions or levels of IL-10 and IFN-β proteins in the resveratrol group were higher than those of the control group, and the others in the resveratrol group were lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Resveratrol pretreatment can inhibit the activation of astrocytes and reduce the inflammation after OGD/ R injury in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of T-cell acute leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) and explore the prognosis significance of early T-cell precursor leukemia/lymphoma. Methods: A cohort of 126 patients diagnosed with T-ALL from 2008 to 2014 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in this study. They were further categorized by immunophenotype according to the expression of T-cell lineage markers CD1a, CD8, CD5 and one or more stem cell or myeloid markers. The laboratory indicators and prognosis factors were also statistically analyzed. Results: Of all patients, the ratio of male to female was 2.5∶1, with the median age of 25 years old (range 14 to 77) . The percentage of ETP-ALL was up to 47.6%. T-ALL patients showed higher ratio in first clinical remission rate (CR(1)) than T-LBL ones (64.4% vs 30.8%, P=0.032) . Group with WBC count higher than 50×10(9)/L at presentation showed higher ration of achieving CR(1) than those lower than 50×10(9)/L (78.4% vs 50.9%, P=0.010) . In comparison with the non-ETP-ALL, ETP-ALL patients had older age of onset (P<0.001) , lower WBC count (P<0.001) , lower risk of CNS involvement (10.0% vs 30.2%, P=0.009) and slightly inferior overall survival (P=0.073) . T-cell lineage markers CD1a(-), CD8(-) and CD4(-) positive patients had higher CR(1) than their corresponding negative ones (P=0.002, P=0.000, P=0.001) , while CD33(-) and CD56(-) positive patients had lower ratio of achieving CR(1) than their negative ones, respectively (P=0.035, P=0.035) . Conclusion: Flow cytometry and associated markers for immunophenotyping was of significance in the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of T-ALL/LBL. The percentage of ETP-ALL/LBL subtype was high in Chinese adolescent and adult T-ALL patients. ETP-ALL/LBL was a high risk subtype, which needs more precise standard for diagnosis and advanced therapies for better outcome.