ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinicopathological features of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (C-HCC-CC) with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) differentiation and to review the literature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data, histological manifestations and immunohistochemical staining results of two cases of C-HCC-CC were analyzed along with a review of the current literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both patients were male with an average age of 57.5 years. Both patients were positive for hepatitis B virus antigen. The tumors of both cases demonstrated the following 3 unequivocal mixed elements: (1) polygonal epithelial tumor cells growing in nests or trabeculae with positive staining for Hepatocyte and AFP, diagnostic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cytoplasmic bile production was present in the tumor cells in one case; (2) elliptic or short spindle-shape small blue tumor cells growing in nests or organoid pattern with Syn/CgA/CD56 positivity confirming the presence of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component; (3) oval tumor cells growing in nests or glandular forms with positivity of CK19 and CK7 confirming differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). In both cases, the tumors contained at least 20% of each of HCC, NEC and CC components.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C-HCC-CC with NEC is a rare form of primary malignancy of the liver with a poor prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bile Duct Neoplasms , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Bone Neoplasms , CD56 Antigen , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic , Cholangiocarcinoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Chromogranin A , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Keratin-19 , Metabolism , Keratin-7 , Metabolism , Ki-67 Antigen , Metabolism , Liver Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Mixed Tumor, Malignant , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Synaptophysin , Metabolism , alpha-Fetoproteins , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing between invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma of breast.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four cases of grade I invasive ductal carcinoma, 12 cases of classic invasive lobular carcinoma and 14 cases of invasive carcinoma with mixed ductal and lobular features were retrieved from the archival files of Peking University First Hospital during the period from January, 1998 to December, 2001. Immunohistochemical study for E-cadherin, p120 catenin, epithelia membrane protein 1 (EMP1) and DVL1 was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rates for E-cadherin in grade I invasive ductal carcinoma and classic invasive lobular carcinoma were 83.3% (20/24) and 0, respectively (P < 0.01). The positivity rates for p120 catenin were 100% in both grade 1 invasive ductal carcinoma (membranous staining) and classic invasive lobular carcinoma (cytoplasmic staining). The positivity rates for EMP1 and DVL1 in gradeI invasive ductal carcinoma were 95.8% (23/24) and 54.2% (13/24), respectively; while those in classic invasive lobular carcinoma were 12 and 5 cases, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>E-cadherin and p120 catenin are useful immunomarkers for distinguishing between invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. On the other hand, EMP1 and DVL1 are of limited value in this respect.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Metabolism , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Cadherins , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Carcinoma, Lobular , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Catenins , Metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease-Free Survival , Dishevelled Proteins , Mastectomy , Methods , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Phosphoproteins , Metabolism , Receptors, Cell Surface , Metabolism , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Her-2, Ki-67 and histological grade after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-seven patients with histopathalogically confirmed breast cancer by core needle biopsy received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed according to the criteria of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society: non-effective (G1), mildly effective (G2), moderately effective (G3), markedly effective (G4) and completely effective (G5). All pathological slides were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method) was used to detect the expression of ER and PR, Her-2 and Ki-67. The pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy status of tumor histological grade, ER and PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 expression in the 49 cases were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed in 67 patients. There were 5 cases (7.5%) in G1, 19 in G2 (28.4%), 20 in G3 (29.9%), 17 in G4 (25.4%) and 6 in G5 (9.0%), respectively. PR positive rate was 71.4% after chemotherapy versus 91.8% before chemotherapy, with a statistically significant reduction (P = 0.021). However, the ER and Her-2 expression before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was stable. Of the patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, 28.6% had histological grade change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 85.7% of patients decreased one grade. The proportion of histological grade change in the G1, G2, G3, G4 were 0, 5.9%, 41.2% and 54.5%, respectively (P = 0.013). The average rate of Ki-67 expression decreased from 28.3% pre-chemotherapy to 11.0% post-chemotherapy (P = 0.011). After the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the Ki-67 expression rate decreased by > 10%, > 20%, > 30%, > 40% and > 50% in 3 groups (G1 and G2, group G3, group G4 and G5) showed a tendency to be increased, with a significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PR expression in breast cancer decreases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while ER and Her-2 expressions remain stable. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the histological grade and proliferation index are decreased and correlated with the response to chemotherapy. Therefore, histological grade and proliferation index may be effective complementary factors in assessment of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Biomarkers, Tumor , Metabolism , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Carcinoma, Lobular , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Epirubicin , Ki-67 Antigen , Metabolism , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Methods , Paclitaxel , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen , Metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone , Metabolism , Retrospective Studies , TaxoidsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2) in human primary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and it's prognostic significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Pyk2 was retrospectively examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 108 tissues of primary CRC. The correlation of Pyk2 expression to prognosis and relevant clinical factors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of Pyk2 low-expression in CRC was 56.5% (61/108). The expression of Pyk2 correlated significantly to the histological grade (P < 0.05) and the TNM stage (P < 0.05), while no correlation between Pyk2 expression and age, tumor size (P > 0.05). Patients with Pyk2 over-expression had significantly higher 5-year survival rate (66.0%) than those with Pyk2 low-expression (31.4%). Pyk2 expression, together with carcinoma histologic grade and TNM stage were prognostic factors to CRC on the multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pyk2 expression can be a prognostic factor to the CRC patients together with other predictors.</p>