Research and practice of permeating the humanity quality education into pharmacology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

Characterization and resistance mechanisms of cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line

To study the biological characteristics and resistant mechanisms of the cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma HCC cell line. The study took place in the Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, between April 2005 and November 2007. A resistant HCC cell line QGY/CDDP was established by stepwise increasing cisplatin CDDP concentration and intermittent administration. Drug-chemo sensitivity was detected by 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Cell doubling time was determined by cell counting, and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometric FCM assay. Intracellular platinum accumulation was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry and the expression of P-glycoprotein P-gp and glutathione S-transferase-pi GST-pi were analyzed by FCM assay. QGY/CDDP cell line was established after 3 months with stable resistance to CDDP and exhibited cross-resistance to many other chemotherapeutic agents. Compared with parental cell line, cell doubling time of QGY/CDDP prolonged; and the cell proportion decreased in S and G2/M-phase and increased in G0/G1-phase. In QGY/CDDP cells, intracellular platinum accumulation decreased and GST-pi expression increased, but P-gp expression kept stable. QGY/CDDP cell line shows the typical and stable resistant phenotype and characteristics of resistant cells. Its mechanisms of resistance to CDDP may be mediated by reduced accumulation of intracellular platinum and higher GST-pi expression, but it is not associated with P-gp expression

Morphological study of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Seven cases of autopsy from SARS patients are studied to investigate the pathogenesis and the pathologic changes of the major organs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detailed gross and microscopic examination of the autopsy specimen is performed, including lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the lungs are markedly enlarged and consolidated. Microscopically, pulmonary edema is a prominent finding, especially at the early stage of the disease (5 days after the onset). The alveolar spaces are filled with fibrinous exudates and lined with hyaline membrane. In 5 cases that undergo over 3 weeks of the course, the main pattern is organization of intra-alveolar deposit, along with fibroblastic proliferation in the alveolar septa, which leads to obliteration of alveolar space and pulmonary fibrosis. All of the lungs show bronchopneumonia, scattered hemorrhage, and proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells with desquamation. Microthrombi are seen in 6 cases. Fungal infection is noted in 2 cases. One of them is disseminative, involving bilateral lungs, heart, and kidney; the other one is diagnosed in hilar lymph nodes. In immune system, hilar and abdominal lymph nodes are usually congested and hemorrhagic, with depletion of lymphocytes, and accompanied with subcapsular sinus histiocytosis. One of the cases shows enlargement of abdominal lymph nodes, which have reduced number of germinal centers. Spleen exhibits atrophy of white pulps, and even lost of white pulps in some areas. The red pulp is markedly congested and hemorrhagic. In 5 cases, cardiomegale is prominent. Thrombosis (2 cases), focal myocarditis (1 case), and fungal myocarditis (1 case) are observed. In addition, liver shows massive necrosis (1 case) and nodular cirrhosis (1 case).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lung is the major organ affected by SARS, demonstrated as diffuse alveolar damage. It is postulated that viral infection induces severe damage of alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial cells, leads to pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar fibrin deposit, and hyaline membrane formation. Consequently, intra-alveolar organization and alveolar septal fibrosis causes loss of alveolar spaces, eventually, pulmonary fibrosis and atelectasis. The immune system is often affected, and presented as depletion of lymphoid tissue in lymph nodes and spleen. Secondary infection is a common complication, which should be paid close attention in the management of SARS patients.</p>

Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the morphological features of the lungs obtained from autopsies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bilateral lungs from 7 patients died from SARS were carefully studied grossly and microscopically. All tissues from these cases were routinely processed and carefully studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All lungs from these cases were extremely expanded and became solid. Microscopically, the edema and fibrin exudates in the alveoli was the most common findings, especially in the early phase of the disease. The hyaline membrane was almost always present in the lungs of these cases. The organization of intra-alveolar fibrin exudates along with the interstitial fibrosis led to obliteration of alveoli and consolidation of lungs. The desquamation and hyperplasia of alveolar lining cells was also apparent. Foci of haemorrhage and lobular pneumonia, even diffuse fungal infection were frequently seen in these specimens. Micro-thrombus were easily found in these lungs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lung of SARS from autopsy is characterized by edema, intra-alveolar fibrin exudates, hyaline membrane formation, organization of intra-alveolar exudates and fibrosis, which lead to the obliteration of alveoli and consolidation of lungs.</p>