Karyotype and evolutionary trend analysis of Scutellaria species in Jinyun mountain, Chongqing / 中国中药杂志

Traditional squash method was used to analyze chromosome number and karyotypes of four Scutellaria species in Chongqing Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve： Scutellaria tsinyunensis, S.yunnanensis, S.franchetiana and S.indica.The result showed that the chromosome numbers were 26 except for S.franchetiana, which had 24 chromosomes.These species were all diploid with metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes.Their karyotypes were symmetrical and primitive.The karyotype formula of S.tsinyunensis is 2n=2x=26=24m+2sm, 1B type, As.k=55.28%; the karyotype formula of S.yunnanensis var.salicifolia is 2n=2x=26=26m, 1B type, As.k=56.11%; the karyotype formula of S.franchetiana is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm, 2B type, As.k=58.50%; the karyotype formula of S.indica is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm, 2B type, As.k=58.41%.The results were compared with the reported data of S.baicalensis and S.alaschanica.S.alaschanica is expected to be the most advanced one whereas S.tsinyunensis, and S.yunnanensis var. salicifolia primitive.These results are expected to provide some references to the origin and differentiation of genus Scutellaria.

The clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey I aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of (49 ± 8) years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (212 ± 40) min, mean myocardial occlusion time was (95 ± 16) min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ± 8) min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia, acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78.9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50 cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.</p>

Study of genetic damage of human B lymphocyte cell line induced by 14 nm and 280 nm carbon black particles in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the genetic damage of human B lymphocyte cell line induced by 14 nm and 280 nm carbon black (CB) particles with micronucleus assay (CBMN), comet assay and hprt gene mutation test in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genetic damage of human B lymphocyte cells exposed to 14 nm and 280 nm CB particles at the doses of 0, 128, 256, 384 and 512 microg/ml for 24 h and 48 h was detected using above three genotoxic assays. Micronucleus (MN) assay, comet assay, hprt gene mutation test were used to detect the genetic damage of human B lymphocyte cells induced by CB. Micronucleus rate (MNR), micronucleated cell rate (MCR), nuclear buds (Buds), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), nuclear division index (NDI) and numbers of apoptotic cells served as indexes of CBMN assay; the percentage of DNA in the tail (% tail DNA) and the olive tail moment (OTM) were used as DNA damage indicators of comet assay; the hprt gene mutation frequency (Mf-hprt) served as the index of hprt gene mutation test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The % tail DNA, OTM in 14 nm CB group at the doses of 384 and 512 microg/ml for 48 h were 8.23% +/- 0.19%, 11.23% +/- 0.42% and 3.72 +/- 0.08, 4.90 +/- 0.18, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in control (5.10% +/- 0.08% and 2.22 +/- 0.03) (P < 0.01). The apoptotic cell rates in 14 nm CB group at the doses of 384 and 512 microg/ml for 48 h were 4.67 +/- 0.33 and 5.33 +/- 0.33, respectively, which were significantly higher than in control (0.00 +/- 0.00) (P < 0.05). The results of Mf-hprt were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic damage of human B lymphocyte cells exposed to 14 nm CB particles for 48 h could be detected. But the similar effects didn't appear in 280 nm CB group.</p>

Observation on gametophyte development of Cibotium barometz / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the spores germinating process of Cibotium barometz, and understand the growth principle provided for experience for indoor culturing and further research.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The spores of C. barometz were cultured both in inorganic medium and in the soil from original habitat, and the whole process of spores germination and the development of gametophytic were observed under microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The spores germinated about 1-2 weeks after being sowed, and the type of germination belonged to Vittaria-type. The prothallial plates formed in 25 days after being sowed, while hairs developed after the formation of the prothallial plate. The gametophyte formed about 40 days after being sowed. But the type of mature prothalli was cordate. The antheridia formed in 60 days after inoculation, while the archegonia developed in 10 days after the formation of antheridia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Soil based indoor culturing of C. barometz spores is practical and can be used for cultivation of C. barometz.</p>

Genetic effects of workers occupationally exposed to mercury using three genetic end-points / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigating genetic effects of workers occupationally exposed to mercury (Hg).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The peripheral lymphocytes from 20 workers exposed to mercury and 20 controls were measured with micronucleus test, comet assay, hrpt gene mutation test and TCR gene mutation test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean micronuclei rate(MNR) and mean micronucleated cells rate(MCR) in 20 workers were (5.90 +/- 0.91) per thousand and (5.30 +/- 0.81) per thousand, respectively while MNR and MCR in controls were (1.50 +/- 0.47) per thousand and (1.30 +/- 0.31) per thousand respectively, The difference of MNR and MCR between workers and controls was very significant (P < 0.01). The mean tail length (MTL) of workers and controls were (3.16 +/- 0.31) and (0.99 +/- 0.07) microm, respectively. The mean tail moment (MTM) of workers and controls were 1.63 +/- 0.22 and 0.39 +/- 0.03, respectively, There was a significant difference in MTL and MTM between workers and controls(P < 0.01). When the average mutation frequencies (Mfs-hprt) of hprt and (Mfs-TCR) of TCR of workers were compared with those of controls, there were not significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of the investigation indicated that the adverse genetic effects in workers occupationally exposed to mercury could be detected.</p>

Influence of 1.8 GHz microwave on DNA damage induced by 4 chemical mutagens / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the influence of 1.8 GHz microwave (MW) specific absorption rate (SAR, 3 W/kg) on human lymphocytes DNA damage induced by 4 chemical mutagens [mitomycin C (MMC), bleomycin (BLM), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)].</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Comet assay in vitro was used to detect human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by 1.8 GHz MW, 4 chemical mutagens, and MW plus 4 chemicals 0 h and 21 h respectively after exposure. The time exposed to MW or mutagens was 2 h or 3 h respectively. The results were showed by tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference of DNA damage between MW group and control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). DNA damages in MW plus MMC groups and MW plus 4NQO groups were significantly greater than those in the corresponding concentrations of MMC groups and 4NQO groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). However, MW did not enhance DNA damage induced by MMS and BLM (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to 1.8 GHz (SAR, 3 W/kg) microwave may not induce human lymphocyte DNA damage, but could enhance DNA damage induced by MMC and 4NQO.</p>

Investigating genetic damage of workers occupationally exposed to methotrexate / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study genetic damage of workers alone occupationally exposed to methotrexate (MTX) with three end-points.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The blood samples from 21 workers exposed to MTX and 21 controls were detected with micronucleus test, comet assay, hprt gene mutation test and TCR gene mutation test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean micronuclei rate (MNR) and mean micronucleated cells rate (MCR) in 21 workers were 10.10 per thousand +/- 0.95 per thousand and 8.05 per thousand +/- 0.75 per thousand, respectively, which were significantly higher than those (5.48 per thousand +/- 0.82 per thousand and 4.38 per thousand +/- 0.58 per thousand) in control (P < 0.01). The mean tail length (MTL) of 21 workers and 21 controls were (1.30 +/- 0.06) microm and (0.07 +/- 0.01) microm, respectively, there was significant difference between workers and controls (P < 0.01). But the difference between workers and controls for mean tail moment (MTM) was not significant (P > 0.05). The average mutation frequency (Mf-hprt) of hprt and (Mf-TCR) of TCR in workers were 1.00 per thousand +/- 0.02 per thousand and (6.87 +/- 0.52) x 10(-4), respectively, which were significantly higher than those [0.86 per thousand +/- 0.01 per thousand and (1.67 +/- 0.14) x 10(-4)] in control (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic damage to some extent appeared in workers occupationally exposed to methotrexate.</p>

Surgery for upper or middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the surgical treatment and technical key-points of upper or middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma in patients with history of gastrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six patients with upper or middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma after previous gastrectomy received surgical treatment between 1980 and 2004. Among them, tumor location was in middle thoracic esophagus in 50 patients, in upper thoracic esophagus in 31 and cervical esophagus in 5. Postoperative pathological staging was stage I in 16 patients, stage IIa in 62, stage IIb in 5 and stage III in 8. The interval between gastrectomy and the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma ranged from 2 to 22 years. Surgical procedures included esophagectomy and reconstruction with nonreversed gastric tube in 2 patients and reversed gastric tube in 3. The esophagus was reconstructed with short segment of colon in 5 patients and long segment of colon in 74. Two cases underwent jejunostomy only.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-six patients (88%) were treated with curative intent. Seven patients (8%) received palliative surgery. Postoperative complication rate was 12% (10/86). One patient died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Sixty-seven patients were followed up, the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 84% (56/67), 57% (38/67) and 22% (15/67), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgical treatment is the first choice for esophageal cancer patients after gastrectomy although the procedures are complicated. The surgery should be considered as a reliable therapeutic modality because of favorable patient prognosis. The replacement with colon is recommended for those patients.</p>