Effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3β overexpression in rat and glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor SB-216763 on proliferation of hepatic oval cells / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the effects of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β) overexpression and GSK3β inhibitor SB-216763 on the proliferation of hepatic oval cells in rats and its regulatory mechanisms by Wnt signaling pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hepatic oval cells WBF-344 were divided into the blank control group, GSK3β over-expression group, DMSO control group and GSK3β inhibitor groups, while the inhibitor groups set up three concentration gradients, that was 1, 5, 10 µmol/L. Using the GSK3β over-expression lentivirus, which had been identified correctly, and SB-216763 dealt with the cells WBF-344. The cells morphology of each group was observed under the phase contrast inverted microscope, and the expression of fluorescence in the lentivirus-transfected group was observed under the fluorescent microscope. The proliferation of each group cells was tested by CCK8 kits. The cells' apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI kits. The expression of GSK3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cells of GSK3β over-expression group were fewer and obvious aging. However, in each inhibitor added group, the cells' division and proliferation was vigorous, and the condition was good. Moreover, the cells' proliferation was getting stronger with the concentration of SB-216763 increasing. A large number of green fluorescence was expressed in the lentivirus-transfected cells. The cells' proliferation in GSK3β over-expression group restrained (t = 7.178, P < 0.01, as compared with control), while the cells' proliferation was vigorous in inhibitor groups (F = 45.030, P < 0.01, as compared with control). Flow Cytometry showed that the cells apoptosis was significant in GSK3β over-expression group. Western blot showed that the expression of GSK3β was increased, while the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was decreased in the over-expression group. The expression of GSK3β had no significant difference among the control group and inhibitor groups. However, the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was significantly increased with the concentration of SB-216763 increasing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The overexpression of GSK3β can inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, thus restrain the cells' proliferation and promotes apoptosis. SB-216763 can activate the Wnt pathway, thus promotes cells' proliferation.</p>

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of five cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the morphologic characteristics and immunophenotype of juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney (JGCT), with discussion on its diagnostic clues and possible histogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 5 cases of JGCT were evaluated. In addition, 5 cases of hemangiopericytoma and 5 cases of cutaneous glomus tumor were selected for comparative immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The JGCT cases came from 4 females and 1 male (mean age at diagnosis = 32 years). All of them manifested symptoms of systemic hypertension. Four of the patients received partial nephrectomy and the remaining patient was treated by radial nephrectomy. All of them were followed up for a period of 4 to 66 months (average = 27 months). There was no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases. On gross examination, these JGCTs were well-circumscribed and situated in the renal cortex and measured 4.4 cm in greatest dimension on average. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by the following three features: (1) solid sheets of relatively uniform polygonal to round cells with lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, sometimes containing PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules; (2) absence of or very scanty mitotic figures; (3) interstitium rich in thin-walled capillaries, associated with focal hyaline change and hemangiopericytoma-like architectural pattern. Under electron microscopy, characteristic rhomboid-shaped renin granules were found in the cytoplasm. All JGCTs were immunoreactive for renin, CD34, actin, and calponin. In contrast, all glomus tumors were negative for renin and all hemangiopericytomas were negative for actin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>JGCT is a rare benign renal neoplasm typically found in young adults and manifests as systemic hypertension. The tumor cells may be originated from modified vascular smooth muscle cells. The identification of renin granules by electron microscopy and demonstration of the characteristic immunophenotype is the key to correct pathologic diagnosis.</p>