ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of calcium,phosphorus and magnesium in blood and compare the differences in seven areas of Heilongjiang province,and then estimate calcuim-phosphorus metabolism of beef cattle in seven beef cattle farms to provi detheoretical foundation for the prevention of calcium phosphorus metabolism diseases of beef cattle.Seven beef cattle farms of Daqing,Shuangyashan,Jiusan and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang province were selected as the survey sites,which were recorded as group A (both grazing and stall-feeding in Shuangyashan),group B (stall-feeding mode in Shuangyashan),group C (stall-feeding mode in Daqing),group D (grazing mode in Jiusan),group E (both grazing and stall-feeding in Daqing),group F (both grazing and stall-feeding in Daqing) and group G (stall-feeding mode in Mudanjiang).Then the concentrations of Ca,Mg,P,free fatty acid (NEFA),glucose (Glc) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in the blood were compared to estimate the calcuim-phosphorus metabolic states.Results showed that the concentrations of calcium,magnesium and phosphorus in the plasma of 65 beef cattle in seven survey sites were within the normal range,and there was no significant difference in calcium concentration among seven sites.The P contents in group C and G were significantly higher those that in group A and B(P＜0.01),which in group C was significantly higher than those in group D,E and F (P＜0.01),which in group G was significantly higher than those in group D,E and F(P＜0.01).NEFA content in group B was significantly higher than that in group D (P＜0.05),and there was no difference among other groups.The concentration of Glc in group A was significantly higher than that in group E (P＜0.05),which in group B was significantly higher than those in group A and D,and was very significantly higher than those in group E,F and G (P＜0.01),which in group C was very significantly higher than those in group A,D,E,F and G (P＜0.01),which in group C was significantly higher than those in group A,D,E,F and G (P＜0.01),which in group D was significantly higher than that in group E (P＜0.05),and which in group F was significantly higher than that in group E (P＜0.05).The concentration of BHBA in group C,D and E were significantly higher than that in group A (P＜0.01),which in group C was significantly higher than that in group B (P＜0.05),which in group D and E was significantly higher than that in group B (P＜0.01),which in group C was significantly higher than that in group G (P＜0.01),which in group D was significantly higher than those in group F and G (P＜0.01),and in group E was highly significantly higher than that in group F and G (P＜0.01).Overall,there were not calcuim-phosphorus metabolic disorders within the seven beef cattle farms which were selected,but it is also necessary to strengthen feeding management and health care to prevent the occurrence of nutrition and metabolic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Biochemical indexes and blood composition in early lactation health,ketosis and hypocalcemia dairy cows were analyzed to make sure the milk composition characteristics with related diseases,the correlation analysis between early lactating dairy milk composition and blood biochemical were also make in order to provide support for the cattle health assessment.According to theblood index,72 Holstein cows 7-21 d postpartum,were divided into group subclinical hypocalcemia,ketosis test group and control group,24 heads each group.The blood and milk of cows were collected and used to analyze the correlation between blood biochemical indexes and milk composition.The results showed that ketosis and hypocalcemia induced the level of milk protein and non fat milk solids decreased,while the content of citric acid in milk increased.The correlation equation between citric acid in milk and serum NEFA,BHBA and GLU was y=3.192x-0.802,(R2 =0.363),y=4.594x-0.793,(R2 =0.320),y=1.228x+0.775,(R2 =0.261),in which x was the content of citric acid in milk.The results showed that the content of citric acid in milk had positively related to blood NEFA,which could be used as an early marker for the diagnosis of negative energy balance.The levels of BUN and ALB in blood can be used to evaluate the levels of milk protein and urea.
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Objective To investigate the postmortem redistribution of Avermectin in acute poisoning death of rabitts. Methods According to the minimum lethal dose intragastric of 250mg/kg avermectin, the avermectin contents in the heart blood and major organs and tissues of the rabitts after death of 0h~72h were assayed by HPLC method. Results Determination of clinical death time was 120.6±9.2min(x±s, n=10)by intragastric 250mg/kg avermectin to the rabitts; Lethal blood concentrations and lethal tissue concentrations of Avermectin were determined; Presence of postmortem redistribution of avermectin contents in the heart blood and major organs and tissues of the rabitts after death of 0h~72h were proved; Determination of the liver, kidney and lung were the best tissue samples for toxicological anaysis. Conclusion The data of Avermectin postmortem redistribution in the rabbits have important reference value for the forensic management of such cases.
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Objective To explore the effect of the clinical scenario-based simulation communication education based on Calgary-Cambridge Guide for undergraduate nursing students.Methods Totally 87 undergraduate nursing students were enrolled and divided into the experimental group (n=44) and the control group (n=43).The experimental group received clinical scenario-based simulation communication education based on Calgary-Cambridge Guide for communication.The control group received traditional class-based education for communication.The chnical communication skills questionnaire and Communication Observing Questionnaire were administered before and after the training.The testing results of both groups were compared.Results After participating in the education project,six dimensions of clinical communication competence and the total score were significantly improved after training compared with those before training in the experimental group.After training,the experimental group was better than the control group in establishment of harmonious relationship,confirming patients' problems,efficient information transfer,validation experience and communication competence,t values were 2.64,2.32,2.19,2.20 and 4.36,P＜ 0.05.In testing of integrated cases,scores of six aspects such as case design,information collection,explaining behavior,relationship development,conflict coordination and service behavior in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group,t values were 2.15,2.10,3.26,2.84,2.14 and 2.61,P＜0.05.Conclusions The clinical scenario-based simulation education based on the Calgary-Cambridge Guide can improve communication competence of nursing students.
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Objective To examine the effect of Caffeine on the cultured cortical neuron apoptosis in neonatal rats.Methods The primary cerebral cortex neurons for cultures were obtained from neonatal mice 2-3 days after birth,Caffeine reconstituted at final concentrations 300μmol/L and 1 000μmol/L was added to the cell cultures and continuously co-incubated for 6-36 h,respectively after the cortical neurons were continuously cultivated 7 days after incubation under temperature of 37℃ incubator with 5% CO_2 and 100% relative humidity,the intracellular calcium concentration,mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate were determined by the flow cytometry.The activity of Caspase-9 was assayed by enzyme-labeled instrument,and Caspase-9 activity by the enzyme-1inked analyzer.Cell morphological changes were observed under electron microscope and fluorescent microscope after being stained with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent dye.Results Compared with the control group,the average increase in intracellular calcium fluorescence intensity was most significant(P<0.05),which elevated from the normal value 43.13±2.02 to 45.28±1.16 and 46.92±1.99,respectively at 6 h;mitochondrial membrane potentials were reduced most significandy(P<0.05).from the base value 443.58 ±11.77 down to 289.53±16.47 and 165.14±14.72,respectively at 8h.Caspase-9 activity was peaked(P<0.05),from the normal value 1.00±0.000 to 5.33±1.02 and 8.33±0.92,respectively at 10 h.The neuronal apoptosis ratio was increased significantly (P<0.05),from the normal value 4.94±1.74 to 15.98±2.03 and 18.70±2.09,at 36h.The apoptotic bodies were observed at 24 h after administration of 300 μmol/L and 1000 μmol/L Caffeine.Conclusion Caffeine may promote neuronal apoptosis in neonate mice.
ABSTRACT
Essential hypertension (EH), a complex polygenic disease, is considered to the result of the genetic interaction of multiple gene alterations in concert with environmental factors. Evidences showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene are both important susceptibility genes for EH, and that there exists putative biological connection between the two genes in developing hypertension. To investigate whether hypertension was affected by gene-gene interaction between the two genes in the northern Chinese Han population, a case-control association study including 502 hypertensive cases and 490healthy controls was conducted, selecting the ACE gene I/D polymorpinsm and the GNB3 gene C825T polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a significant nonrandom distribution only in male hypertensives, indicating that interaction between ACE gene and GNB3 gene may predispose males to the occurrence of hypertension. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression in single locus analysis, with adjustment for common risk factors for hypertension, demonstrated that the OR for DD/ID versus Ⅱ for hypertension among men was significant (OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09 ～2.27; P = 0.016) in dominant genetic model. In combination analysis stratified with respect to gender, slightly significant ORs were found after adjustment in males: OR for TT vs CC, 0.11; 95%CI, 0.01 ～0.99; P = 0.049 within ACE DD genotype; OR for DD/ID vs Ⅱ, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01 ～2.29; P = 0.047 within GNB3 CC+CT genotype. The results suggest that ACE, or a nearby gene, is a male-specific susceptible gene for hypertension, and that there may exist epistatic gene-gene interaction between ACE D allele and GNB3 825C allele.