Visual feedback training helps restore knee function and balance after a knee fracture / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of visual feedback training on the knee function and balance of postoperative knee fracture patients.Methods:A total of 64 patients were randomly divided into a control group and a visual feedback group, each of 32. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation, while the visual feedback group was additionally provided with visual feedback training from the 3rd to the 8th week after the operation. Before and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using Lysholm scoring, the Tinetti gait test and the Technobody balance device.Results:There was no difference between the two groups in terms of their average Lysholm, Tinetti or Technobody results before the intervention or after 2 weeks of treatment. Both groups had improved significantly after 8 weeks, but the visual feedback group′s average Lysholm, Tinetti and Technobody results were then significantly better than those of the control group. Indeed, the control group′s average Technobody result was no better than before the treatment.Conclusions:Visual feedback training could be useful in treating those in need of rehabilitation after a knee fracture operation.

Core stability training on an unstable surface better improves ambulation and static balance after thoracolumbar fracture with incomplete spinal cord injury / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of conducting core stability training (CST) on an unstable supporting surface using thoracolumbar fracture patients with an incomplete spinal cord injury.Methods:Forty thoracolumbar fracture patients with incomplete spinal cord injury were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group, each of twenty. Both groups received 30 minutes of CST five times per week for 8 weeks. The patients in the control group were trained on a stable supporting surface while those in the experiment group used an unstable surface. Evaluations were conducted before and after the 8-week intervention. Gait and static balance data were collected and analyzed using 3D motion analysis software and an EAB-100 active balancer.Results:After the intervention, the average stride length and comfortable walking speed of the experimental group were both significantly better than the control group′s averages. Moreover, the path length, circumferential area, rectangular area and effective value area of the Romberg rate were all significantly better, on average, in the experiment group, as was the average displacement of the deflection center with the eyes closed in static balance.Conclusions:An unstable supporting surface is superior to a stable one for conducting CST after thoracolumbar fracture with incomplete spinal cord injury. The effect may be due to improved nonvisual postural control.

Design and development of a fixed holding apparatus for mice of macrophage system and PLEKHQ1 gene knockout / 中国医学装备

Objective:To develop a fixed clamp apparatus for Macrophage system and PLEKHQ1 gene knockout mice, in order to provide a safe, simple, convenient and time-saving experimental tool for mice tail blood collection and injection.Methods:Clamp for macrophage system and PLEKHQ1 gene knockout mice was made by 50 ml syringe with slot according to the drawing. Clamp base was made by 50 ml plastic tube and appropriate size of the plastic tap.Results:Compared with current mice clamp in the market, the mice fixed clamp was a simple, low-cost, safe, easy and timesaving tool.Conclusion: The mice clamp for mice tail blood collection and injection provided a safe and convenient tool, and greatly improved the efficiency of the experiment.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy on Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 patients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Results 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°; P<0.01), and the maximal active knee flexion was 5.7° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.4°~9.1°; P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the maximal active knee extension, the maximal passive knee extension, HSS and posture control ability between 2 groups (P>0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effective intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.

Advance of Surface Electromyography Applied in Underwater Exercise (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Underwater exercise and hydrotherapy have rapidly developed in recent years. As an noninvasive and convenient tool, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been applied in underwater research. In favour of experiment procedure, underwater sEMG needs localized waterproof seal or whole-body waterproof suit, and are mainly detected by telemetry system. The muscle activity pattern of underwater exercise is different from on land exercise, the sMEG amplitude is correlated with motion velocity. Compound underwater motion analysis includes sEMG, video and foot pressure will be more effective assessment tool for underwater exercise and hydrotherapy research.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy on Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 pa-tients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Re-sults 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°;P0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effec-tive intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.

Advance of Surface Electromyography Applied in Underwater Exercise (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Underwater exercise and hydrotherapy have rapidly developed in recent years. As an noninvasive and convenient tool, sur-face electromyography (sEMG) has been applied in underwater research. In favour of experiment procedure, underwater sEMG needs local-ized waterproof seal or whole-body waterproof suit, and are mainly detected by telemetry system. The muscle activity pattern of underwater exercise is different from on land exercise, the sMEG amplitude is correlated with motion velocity. Compound underwater motion analysis includes sEMG, video and foot pressure will be more effective assessment tool for underwater exercise and hydrotherapy research.

Complications of selective posterior rhizotomy for lower limb spasticity of cerebral palsy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the complications of spastic cerebral palsy with selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR).Methods:In the study, 2 593 patients who had undergone SPR from January 2000 to September 2012 were followed-up for at least one year .The complications were classified .Results:Peri-operative complications:pulmonary system complications including bronchial spasm (5 cases, 0.19%) and aspiration pneumonia (4 cases, 0.15%);digestive system complications including abdominal bloa-ting (145 cases, 5.6%) and colic (80 cases, 3.1%);urinary system complications including tempora-ry bladder dysfunction (54 cases, 2.1%) and urinary tract infection (6 cases, 0.23%); peripheral nervous system complications including lower extremity weakness ( 327 cases, 12.6%) and lower extremity sensory disturbances ( 140 cases, 5.4%); central nervous system complications including headache (112 cases, 4.3%) and epileptic seizures (4 cases, 0.15%).None spinal or intracranial in-fection, intraspinal hematoma or intracranial hemorrhage were identified .General surgery complications including back pain (1 382 cases, 53.3%), delay wound healing caused by infection (5 cases, 0.19%) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (8 cases, 0.31%).Long-term follow-up complications inclu-ding lower limb decreased exercise capacity ( incidence: 7.33%) and lower extremity sensory distur-bance (incidence:5.59%).Urination occurred in only one case and defecation function disturbance with no sexual dysfunction was identified .The incidences of scoliosis , thoracic kyphosis , spondylolisthe-sis and long-term back pain were 7.23%(31/429), 4.2%(18/429), 10.49%(45/429) and 9.72%respectively .Conclusion:SPR is one of the effective and safe surgical treatments for spastic cerebral pal-sy.Valid methods should be applied to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications , such as choosing the appropriate patients , meticulously operating in the surgery , assistance of electrophysiological guidance , reinforcing perioperative management and regular rehabilitation training after operation .

HPLC-MS/MS for determination of astragalin in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetics / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a LC-MS/MS method for determination of astragalin in rat plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The analytical column was packed with ZORBAX SB-C18, and the mobile phase was methanol-water containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-formic acid (80:20:0.15, V/V/V). Quercetin was used as the internal standard (IS). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed, and the transition of m/z was m/z 449.1→m/z 287.1 for astragalin, and m/z 301.1→m/z 151.1 for IS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A good liner relationship was obtained within the range of 1.00-1000 ng/ml (r(2)=0.9929), and the lower limit of quantification of astragalin was 1.00 ng/ml in rat plasma. The extraction recoveries were all above 93%. After oral administration of astragalin, the maximum plasma concentration of astragalin was 231.1∓67.3 ng/ml and the time to reach this value was 0.5∓0.1 h, with a half-life of 3.9∓1.3 h and an AUC of 782.6∓152.8 ng·h/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is highly sensitive, selective and rapid for determination of the concentration of astragalin in rat plasma to facilitates the study of its pharmacokinetics.</p>

Investigation on the treatment opportunity of mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the treatment opportunity of mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure.Methods According to the different indications of mechanical ventilation,115 acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure were divided into the observation group A (40 cases),the observation group B(38 cases)and the control group(37 cases).The cure rate,aspiration pneumonia incidence,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay of the three groups were analyzed.Results The cure rate of the observation group A(97.5％) was significantly higher than that of the control group(83.4％)and the observation group B (92.1％) (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) ;The aspiration pneumonia of the observation group(2 cases) was significantly less than that of the control group(8 cases)(P ＜ 0.05) ;The hospitalization time [(4.46 ± 0.51) d,(7.11 ± 0.83) d] and the duration of mechanical ventilation [(55.40 ± 5.24)h,(79.47 ± 2.44) h] of the observation group A and the observation group B were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(10.40 ± 1.12) d,(100.30 ± 2.15) h] (all P ＜ 0.01) ; The hospitalization time and the duration of mechanical ventilation of the observation group A [(4.46 ± 0.51) d,(55.40 ± 5.24) h] were significantly shorter than those of the observation group B [(7.11 ± 0.83)d,(79.47 ± 2.44)h] (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Respiratory rate ≥30 times/min and ＜ 34 times/min or ≤ 10 times/min,or spontaneous breathing weakened,and blood gas analysis prompted hypoxemia(60 mm Hg ＜ PaO2 ≤ 70 mm Hg)is best opportunity of mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure.

Study of flavonoids from leaves of Santalum album / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Santalum album.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The sample was extracted with 70% ethanol by continuous thermal reflux. The extraction was separated and purified by column chromatography over macroporous adsorption resin, polyamide and sephadexlh-20. Their structures were identified by detailed spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight flavonoids were isolated and identified as vicenin-2 (1), vitexin (2), isovitexin (3), orientin (4), isoorientin (5). chrysin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), chrysin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), and isorhamnetin (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Anti-tumor immunity elicited by adenovirus encoding AdhTrp2 or AdmTrp2 without vitiligo / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To compare the difference in tumor immunity and autoimmunity elicited by adenovirus (Ad) encoding human or murine tyrosinase-related protein 2 (AdhTRP2 or AdmTRP2), and to find the most effective way to induce immunity by AdhTRP2 or AdmTRP2, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with AdhTRP2 or AdmTRP2 intramuscularly at different doses of 10(5), 10(6), 10(7) and 10(8) separately (10 mice for each dose). Two weeks after the immunization, in vivo CTL assay and intracellular staining (ICS) of IFN-gamma were carried out to analyze the dose-effect relationship. Tumor growth and vitiligo (as an sign of autoimmunity) were observed until 3 months after challenge with 10(5) B16F10 tumor cells. The results showed that Ad encoding AdmTrp2 induced weak tumor immune response. Similar immunization with AdhTrp-2 elicited stronger protective immunity. CTL activity and IFN-gamma-produced CD8+T cells were directly proportional to dose of AdhTrp2 or AdmTrp2. Moreover, AdhTrp2 group showed tumor rejection in 100% of challenged mice till the end of 3rd month while 60% of mice immunized with AdmTrp2 were protected against tumor. In the whole process of this experiment, no vitiligo was observed in mice immunized either with AdhTrp2 or AdmTrp2. It is concluded that anti-melanoma responses induced by genetic vaccination expressing xenoantigens breaks immune tolerance effectively and is able to elicit strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response without vitiligo.

Intervention of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on Weightlessness-Induced Muscle Atrophy and Myofiber Phenotype Transition / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To investigate the intervention of ciliary enurotrophic factors(CNTF)on weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy and its myofiber phenotype transition.Methods Tail-suspended (hindlimb unloading)of adult male Wistar rats were used to create the mode J of weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy.The effect of CNTF treatment on weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy and its myofiber phenotype transition was determined by analyzing the expression changes of MHCI/IIb and p130 or Myf5 with RT-PCR and Western blot.Results CNTF treatment in vivo markedly reversed weightlessness-induced muscle weight IOSS selectively in the slow-twitch muscle soleus.Moreover,during tail suspension,soleus weight loss and myofiber phenotype transition indicated that CNTF treatment could sigificantly attenuate the weight loss and slow to fast myofiber phenotrype transition in soleus compared with control(CNTF untreated and tail suspended).Furthermore,it was showed that the CNTF-induced intervention effect was associated with the protein level upregulation of muscle satellite cell-specific markers,P130 and Myf5.The satellite cell pool in CNTFtreated soleus was increased.Conclusion It iS firstly demonstrated that CNTF can attenuate weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy and its myofiber phenotype transition to be through the increase of satellite cell pool in soleus.

Immunity of Unloaded Dendritic Cells in Lung Melanoma of Mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the immunity of unloaded dendritic cells (DCs) derived from murine bone marrow to preexisting lung melanoma metastases of mice, MO5 were intravenously injected to induce lung metastases in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Unloaded GM-CSF DCs, PBS and DCs+SIINFEKEL were subcutaneously injected into the mice, which were divided as experimental group, negative control group and positive control group respectively. Monoclonal antibody was used to deplete NK or T cells separately. The immunity-inhibitory effects on the lung melanoma were observed and the corresponding effector cells were examined. It was found that in the experimental and positive groups, the regression was induced in metastatic nodules in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice,but abrogated by treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 but not anti-CD8. It was concluded that the unloaded DCs could suppress the lung melanoma metastases to some extent, which was mediated by NK cells, and could be used as a potent therapeutic agents for lung tumor.

Pharmacokinetics of aristolochic acid A in Radix Aristolochiae and Guanxinsuhe Capsule / 中草药

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of aristolochic acid A in Radix Aristolochiae and the compound preparation of Guanxinsuhe Capsule in mice in vivo after single-dose oral administration and observe the difference of aristolochic acid A absorption and distribution. Methods Aristolochic acid A assay was performed by RP-HPLC on a Waters apparatus with a DiamonsilTM C18 column (250 mm × 4.6mm, 5 μm), a mobil phase: a mixture of methanol-water-acetic acid (72: 27 : 1), flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength: 315 nm, and column temperature: 20 ℃. Results Mice were given Radix Aristolochiae and Guanxinsuhe Capsule by ig at the same level of 2. 5 mg/kg of aristolochic acid A, respectively, which were suspended in 0. 3% CMC-Na solution. Plasma concentrations were determined by RPHPLC. After single-dose ig administration of Radix Aristolochiae or Guanxinsuhe Capsule to mice, the mean plasma concentration-time courses of aristolochic acid A obtained fitted the one-compartment model.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of aristolochic acid A in Radix Aristolochiae, t1/2ka, t1/2 ke, tmax,AUC, Cmax are 5. 103 min, 43. 63 min, 17.89 min, 80. 45 (μg · min)/mL, and 0. 916 8 μg/mL; the rela tive pharmacokinetic parameters in Guanxinsuhe Capsule are 5. 294 min, 43.50 min, 18. 32 min, 33.08(μg · min)/mL, and 0. 381 8 μg/mL. Conclusion The Cmax of aristolochic acid A in Guanxinsuhe Capsule is significantly less than that in Radix Aristolochiae, which indicates that the compound compability could decrease the absorption of aristolochiae acid A.

Jiuqiang Naoliqing affords protection to vital organs of spontaneous hypertension rats / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the Jiuqiang Naoliqing's (JNQ) histological influence on hearts, brains and kidneys of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into four groups: Wistar control group, SHR group, higher dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.530 g/kg) and lower dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.265 g/kg). The treatment lasted five weeks, and the rats' blood pressure were monitored through tail pulse. After the perfusion procedure, rats' hearts, brains and kidneys were rapidly removed in low temperature condition and stored in 10% formalin solution of 4 ℃.Then routine sections were obtained and the slides were stained with HE.ResultsBefore treatment, the blood pressure of SHR groups were distinctly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01), nevertheless, no obvious blood pressure downgrade were observed after three week and five week treatment. Histopathologic study showed: in SHR group,heart with hypertrophic cardiac muscle, proliferative arterial wall and strictured lumina; Cortex with angiostenosis, proliferative vascular wall and large perivascular space; Glomerulus atrophy with hyaline degeneration. These pathologic changes got respective alleviation after five week treatment of JNQ, particularly in higher dose group.ConclusionSHR who got five week treatment of JNQ didn't gain obvious blood pressure downgrade. But the treatment did good to their vital organs and can obviously alleviate hearts, brains and kidneys' pathologic changes.

Determination of emodin and physcion in rat plasma by nonaqueous RP-HPLC / 中成药

AIM: To determine the content of emodin and physcion in rat plasma by nonaqueous RP-HPLC. METHODS: After hydrolysis and extraction, the content of emodin in the plasma was determined by nonaqueous RP-HPLC. The separation was performed on Kromasil C 18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5.0 ?m) with the mobile phase comprised of methanol-acetic acid (99.9∶0.1). The flow rate was 1.0 mL?min -1 and the detection wavelength was at 254 nm. RESULTS: The linear ranges for emodin and physcion were in the range of 0.0425-2.8 ?g?mL -1 and 0.0491-3.14 ?g?mL -1 , respectively. The average recoveries of emodin and physcion were 95.7%-100.1% and 96.2%-99.8%, with corresponding RSD of 1.3% and 1.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible with RP-HPLC to detect rhein in plasma.