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Benign distal biliary strictures (BDBS) are fibrous tissue proliferation and biliary stricture caused by long-term stimulation of the affected bile ducts due to non-neoplastic factors such as iatrogenic injury, chronic inflammation, and bile duct stones, which further leads to recurrent cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, and liver impairment. Relieving distal biliary obstruction and maintaining bile duct patency for a long time are the core of the treatment of BDBS. With the continuous innovation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography techniques, new techniques such as endoscopic stenosis dilatation, stent implantation, and magnetic compression anastomosis are gradually becoming effective treatment methods for BDBS. This article elaborates on the advances in endoscopic therapy for BDBS, so as to provide a reference for clinical research.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP).Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed as RAP were collected in Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University between January 2016 to July 2016, and chronic pancreatitis(CP) patients and RAP patients to matching, as control group.A prospective cohort study about the clinical features of RAP and CP was set.The survival analysis model was established by Kaplan-Meier′s method, to calculate the cumulative rate of RAP which progressed into CP.Results The morbidity of male patients was 69.0% in the RAP group(n=100) and 60% in the CP group(n=100).The average first onset age of RAP and CP was 38 and 21 years old, respectively;and the teenagers accounted for 12% and 38.6%.The incidence of diabetes was 49.5% and 9%;and the incidence of fatty diarrhea was 46.6% and 19% of the two groups.The cumulative incidence of CP was 2% within 1 year, 4.6% in 3 years, and 12.4% in 5 years.Conclusions Men has higher morbidity in both RAP group and CP group.RAP patients′ first onset age was older than that of CP.Teenagers had a low incidence in RAP group.The risk of diabetes and fatty diarrhea was lower in RAP group than CP group.A certain proportion of RAP patients can progress to CP.
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Objective To investigate the impact of preload fasting and meal replacement in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 92 subjects with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study.They were assigned into the preload fasting group (PFG),the meal replacement group (MRG),and the control group (CG) for 12-weeks intervention.Special dietary with 100 kcal was provided 30 min before each meal in the PFG,and while in the MRG the same dietary was taken just before each meal and the amount of meal was reduced appropriately.The subjects in CG took meals as usual.Body mass index,waist circumference,and insulin resistance were assessed.Satiety situation was investigated by the scale.Results After 12 weeks,improvement were found in fasting insulin(-3.29 mU/L) and waist circumference (-4.04 cm) in the PFG and significant difference was shown compared to the CG (P＜0.05).Satiety index in the PFG was the most significant among the three group.Conclusion Preload fasting is helpful in improving insulin resistance,reducing waist circumference,and enhancing satiety.
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@#Objective To explore the clinical aspects and related EEG characteristics of epilepsy (EP) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods The clinical data and the EEG Results of seizure-interictal-period in 84 CP children complicated with EP were collected and compared with the data of 124 CP children without EP.Results Among 84 CP children complicated with EP, 46 cases (54.76%) were partial seizures. Followed 26 cases (30.95%) were infantile spasms, 6 cases (7.14%) were tonic-clonic seizures. Spastic CP children tended to be the most patients seizures in EP, it was 82.14%. Children with teraplegia CP were the most type among the spastic CP children compliated with EP. The abnormal rate of EEG of CP children complicated with EP was significantly higher than that of CP children without EP ( P＜0.001), and local epilptiform discharges and multilocal epileptiform discharges were main types.Conclusion Partial seizures is the most epilepsy type in CP children complicated with EP, and spastic CP is the main type. EEG abnormal ratio is obviously higher in the CP children complicated with EP than the CP children without EP. The types of abnormal EEG are mainly local epilptiform discharges and multilocal epileptiform discharges.
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@#Objective To explore the classification of abnormal electroencephalogram of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the relationship between the electroencephalogram and the CP type.Methods152 CP children were examined with the electroencephalogram. The data of electroencephalogram were analyzed.ResultsThe abnormal electroencephalogram rate of 152 CP children was 40.13%. The abnormal electroencephalogram rate of the children with athetoid was lower (8.33%). The abnormal electroencephalogram rate of the children with spastity hemiplegia was higher (71.43%).ConclusionThe abnormal electroencephalogram rate of the CP children is related with the location of cerebral injury.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the risk factor, semeiology and neuroimaging abnormalities of dyskinetic cerebral palsy.MethodsA hospital-based study, 136 children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy were examined neurologically and their perinatal history was reviewed. Their cranial CT or MRI findings were studied. The association between the gestational ages, CP types and the radiological appearances were analyzed.Results124 cases (91.18%) were found obviously risk factors, including asphyxia (34 cases), pathological hyperbilirubinemia (70 cases), both asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia (11 cases) and others (8 cases). According to the clinical and neurological features, 60 (44.12%) were chorea-athetoid cerebral palsy, 26 (19.12%) were dystonic cerebral palsy, and 50 (36.76%) were athetoid-spastic cerebral palsy. Those with asphyxia were mainly athetoid-spastic whereas cases with pathological hyperbilirubinemia were mainly chorea-athetoid cerebral palsy. The abnormal rates of cranial MRI scans was 52.9%, and it was higher in the group of asphyxia than pathological hyperbilirubinemia, preterm than term. The main findings on MRI scans were as follows: periventricular leucomalacia(PVL) 28 (38.8%), diffuse bilateral atrophy 20 (27.8%), focal abnormalities in the basal ganglia1 and/or temporal lobe 18 (24.0%).ConclusionMRI abnormalities of the brain were correlated with semeiologic subtypes, risk factors, and the gestational age at birth.
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Objective To characterize the language development and articulation in children with different types of cerebral palsy. Methods The data from 76 children with cerebral palsy who underwent standardized tests of speech and language were analyzed. The incidence and abnormal pattern were compared between groups. ResultsLanguage delay and/or dysarthria were noted in 73.1% of these subjects. Children with diplegia developed similar levels both in comprehension and verbal expression, whereas those with tetraplegia and athetoid developed poorer verbal expression. The incidence of language delay in children with diplegia, tetraplegia and athetoid were 45.95%, 90% and 64.7%, respectively. Dysarthria was found in all the children with tetraplegia, athetoid and ataxia, but only 48.65% of those with diplegia. Conclusion Language disorders were common in children with cerebral palsy, especially those with athetoid and tetraplegia.