ABSTRACT
Yeast autolysis under solid-state fermentation can effectively promote the release of various active substances, thereby improving the quality of yeast products. The optimal process for yeast autolysis under solid-state fermentation was obtained by optimizing the autolysis temperature, autolysis time and the zinc ion concentration. We analyzed the indexes of free amino acid, soluble protein and α-amino nitrogen in the fermentation material, as well as A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio to determine yeast autolysis process conditions in the solid-state fermentation. On the basis of the obtained data, L₉ (3³) orthogonal test was designed to optimize the solid-state fermentation parameters for yeast autolysis: temperature at 40, 50 and 55 °C; time 12, 18 and 24 h; zinc ion concentration 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg. The optimum process conditions for yeast autolysis were: autolysis temperature 55 °C, time 18 h, zinc ion concentration 2 mg/kg, and soluble protein content reached 9.31 mg/g, free amino acid 14.36 mg/g, α-amino nitrogen 10.16 μg/g and A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ 1.73. After optimization of the process, the soluble protein, free amino acid and α-amino nitrogen contents of the yeast autolysis production can be significantly increased, thereby obviously improving the quality of the composite culture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acids , Autolysis , Fermentation , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Nitrogen , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , TemperatureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality standard of Folium Mahoniae. METHODS: TLC was used for qualitative identification. The contents of moisture, ash and ethanol extract were determined. The content of berberine hydrochloride was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on WondaSil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 05 mol/L monopotassium phosphate solution (25: 75, V/V) at the flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 264 nm, column temperature was 30 ℃, and sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS: TLC spots were clear and well-separated. The contents of moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol extract were 3. 92％-7. 03％, 3. 65％-6. 95％, 0. 05％-1. 03％ and 10. 87％-33. 14％, respectively. The linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 0. 183-0. 915 μg(r=0. 999 9); quantitation limit and detection limit was 0. 143, 0. 095 μg, respectively. RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2. 0％ (n=6); recovery was 95. 21％ -103. 10％ (RSD = 2. 95％, n=6). CONCLUSIONS: The content of moisture, total ash and acid-insoluble ash of medicinal materials is not exceed 8. 0％, 6. 0％ and 0. 4％, respectively. The content of ethanol extract and berberine hydrochloride is not less than 16. 0％ and 1. 0％, respectively. Established standard can be used for quality control of Folium Mahoniae.
ABSTRACT
There have been few reports of acute leukemia predenting with a hypocellular bone marrow. Our institution, from 1977 to 1986, reviewed 9 cases of hypoplasfic acute leukemia (HAL). We concluded that HAL was similar to as well as different from dysmyclopoietic syndrom (MDS), smouldering acute leukemia(SAL) and oligoblastic leukemia(OBL). It was suggested that the diagnostic crieria of HAL were (1), The patients of no treatment had local hypocellularity of bone marrow, and had more than 30% blasts and promyelocytes of immaturocytes on bone marrow aspirate smears; (2), The patients had hypocellularity at presentation on trephine biopsy. We proposed that the names of SAL and OBC be called off.