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ObjectiveLipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced zebrafish inflammation model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts from Lianggesan （LGS） and its component Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma. MethodDifferent polar fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma were obtained by the principle of similar miscibility. For toxicity observation， the zebrafish （3 day-post-fertilization） was exposed to different concentrations of extracts for 24， 48 and 72 h. The yolk sac of the zebrafish was microinjected with 0.5 g·L-1 LPS to establish the inflammation model， and then the embryos were soaked with different concentrations of extracts to observe their survival status at 72 h and the aggregation of neutrophils in yolk sac at 12 h after treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to analyze the yolk sac of the zebrafish microinjected with LPS. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to further investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma. ResultThe toxicity of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma was decreased with the increase of polarity， and the descending order was petroleum ether>ethyl acetate>n-butanol>water. Compared with model group， the extracts from different fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma prolonged the survival time of the zebrafish， and inhibited the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the yolk sac， among which the water fraction of LGS and the ethyl acetate fraction of Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma had the most significant effect （P<0.01）. In addition， compared with model group， the water fraction of LGS and the ethyl acetate fraction of Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma down-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and suppressed the expression of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） in LPS-stimulated zebrafish （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe extracts from different fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma exerted protective effects in LPS-induced zebrafish by inhibiting the TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover， in zebrafish model， the method of administration by soaking was applicable to the high-throughput screening of anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine， which was suitable for the evaluation of anti-LPS activity of Chinese medicine and the different extracts.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided great auricular nerve (GAN)block combined with general anesthesia for middle ear microsurgery in adult patients.Methods Sixty-four adult patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective middle ear microsurgery,were assigned into 2 groups (n =32 each) using a random number tabte:GAN block combined with general anesthesia group (group GANB+G) and general anesthesia group (group G).Patients received GAN block with 0.25％ ropivacaine 2 ml using ultrasoundguided in-plane technique before anesthesia induction in group GANB+G.Anesthesia induction and maintenance protocols (IV infusion of propofol and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil) were similar in two groups.Analgesia was performed with sufentanil,flurbiprofen axetil or parecoxib sodium after operation to maintain visual analog scale score ＜4 within 48 h after operation.The infusion duration and consumption of propofol and remifentanil,requirement for postoperative analgesia and occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with group G,the consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced,and the requirement for postoperative analgesia and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were decreased in group GANB + G (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided GAN block combined with general anesthesia provides better analgesic efficacy in the the perioperative period in adult patients undergoing middle ear microsurgery.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided great auricular nerve block with different concentrations of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing tympanic and mastoid surgery.Methods Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 19-25 kg/m2,undergoing elective tympanic and mastoid surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into 3 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),0.25％ ropivacaine group (group R1) and 0.50％ ropivacaine group (group R2).In R1 and R2 groups,great auricular nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance before anesthesia induction,0.25％ and 0.50％ ropivacaine 2 ml were injected,respectively,10 min later the block in the area innervated by great auricular nerve was evaluated using the method of acupuncture in comparison with the contralateral area.After successful block was confirmed,the patients were ventilated using the laryngeal mask airway under general anesthesia.Flurbiprofen axetil was given as rescue analgesic,sufentanil was used when the efficacy was not satisfactory,and visual analog scale score was maintained less than or equal to 3 points.The number of patients requiring rescue analgesic was recorded within 48 h after surgery.Results The great auricular nerve was successfully blocked in 60 patients of R1 and R2groups.Compared with group C,the requirement for rescue analgesic was significantly decreased within 48 h after surgery in R1and R2 groups (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the requirement for rescue analgesic within 48 h after surgery between group R1 and group R2 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasoundguided great auricular nerve block with 0.25％ ropivacaine provides better efficacy for postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing tympanic and mastoid surgery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) of urban residents in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community based epidemiology survey was performed on the residents of 4 communities in the Xicheng and Haidian districts in Beijing from October 2008 to September 2009. Data on the total population, age, gender and vital status were monitored, and incidence of SCD as well as related information were collected from the household administrative workers, the family members of the deceased, the hospital personnel and the witnesses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>479 521 subjects (244 000 men and 235 521 women) were monitored, a total of 1 285 (642 men and 643 women) all cause death occurred during the study period and 184 (86 men and 98 women) deaths were identified as SCD. The incidence of SCD was 35.2 (95%CI 27.8-42.7) per 100 000 per year for men and 41.6 (95%CI 33.4-49.8) per 100 000 per year for women. SCD accounted for 13.4% mortality in men and 15.2% mortality in women. There were 171 (91.0%) SCD cases in residents over 55 years of age. The incidence of SCD for the age group 0-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and 75 years and over was 5.6, 4.6, 3.0, 9.8, 78.4, 88.4, and 272.8 per 100 000 per year for men, and 1.6, 0, 3.2, 0, 21.1, 84.2 and 470.0 per 100 000 per year for women, respectively. The proportion of the cases that have at least one cardiovascular disease history was 57.0% (49/86) for men and 60.2% (59/98) for women. The cases that occurred at home, on the way to hospital, in the hospital emergency room, in the hospital ward and other places account for 53.3% (98 cases), 12.2% (22 cases), 9.2% (17 cases), 12.5% (23 cases) and 13.0% (24 cases) of the 184 SCD cases, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SCD is a great threat to the urban residents in Beijing. Most SCD cases occurred at home on residents over 55 years of age. More than half SCD residents have at least one cardiovascular disease. It is important to take preventive measures in the urban residents over 55 years old and with history of cardiovascular disease.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Epidemiology , IncidenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To prepare Mitomycin C for injection-Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles (MMC-PBCA-NPs) freeze drying preparation by microfluidization and to investigate its hemolytic feature. METHODS: The crude emulsion of MMC-PBCA-NPs was prepared by emulsion polymerization method, from which MMC-PBCA-NPs solution was prepared by microfluidization method; the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and the drug loading (DD) of the preparation were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The particle size and appearances of which were observed. A hemolytic test was performed on rabbits to observe the blood reaction of the preparation. RESULTS: The prepared MMC-PBCA-NPs freeze drying preparation was uniformly distributed and in round shape, with EE, DD and mean diameter at (85.1?3.8)%, (7.0?0.2)% and (113.5?3.86)nm, respectively. The hemolytic test was negative. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to prepare MMC-PBCA-NPs by microfluidization method.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for quality control of Shentekang capsules.METHODS:The Radix astragali,Radix ginseng,fermental cordyceps powder in this medicine were identified by TLC.The contents of berberine hydrochloride in this medicine were measured by HPLC.RESULTS:The spots in TLC were clear and well distinguished.The method was linear within a range of0.0351～0.263?g for berberine hydrochloride(r=0.9999),the average recovery was98.88%,and RSD=1.07%(n=5).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,which can be used to control the quality of Shentekang capsules.