ABSTRACT
Preeclampsia is a multiple system disease in obstetrics, which often leads to adverse pregnancy outcome.Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy.When preeclampsia occurs, the condition is very serious, and the complications of mother and child are increasing.The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is diversified.The high risk factors of twin pregnancy with preeclampsia are bichorionic, assisted reproductive technology pregnancy, primipara, and advanced age.The timing of termination of pregnancy should be selected according to chorionic nature, and the indications of cesarean section should be relaxed to reduce the adverse pregnancy outcomes.Clinical studies mostly use comprehensive indicators combined with screening to predict preeclampsia.How to prevent preeclampsia still needs further clinical and basic research.
ABSTRACT
All the cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra (totalled 816 vertebrae) were measured from 102 sets of Chinese skeletons.The average values of the measurements of various aspects are reported as follows: (1) The antero-posterior and right-to-left diameters of the vertebral foramen were 15.47?1.11 mm and 22.58?1.22 mm respectively. (2) The antero-posterior diameters of the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral body measured 15.66?1.12 mm and 24.16?1.12 mm and the left to right diameters measured 16.28?1.14 mm and 22.85?1.24 mm respectively. (3) The distance between the two superior articular processes was 23.12? 1.23 mm. (4) The height and width of the dens of the axis were 18.40?1.20 mm and 10.09?1.02 mm respectively. (5) The width of the cervical intervertebral foramen was 6.68?0.50 mm, and its height was 7.85?0.54 mm. (6) The width of the vertebral arterial groove of the atlas was 5.71?0.48 mm. (7) Variations of the foramen of transverse process for the vertebral artery were observed, and their freguency of occurrence was reported.According to the criteria obtained, the diagnosis and the treatment of various types of cervical spondylosis are discussed.