ABSTRACT
Obiective To analyze the characteristics of antibacterial drugs caused adverse drug reactions (ADR) and correlation with DDDs in Ezhou Central Hospital,and provide reference for safe and rational use of antibacterial drug in clinic.Methods ADR reports of antibacterial drugs in Ezhou Central Hospital from September 2011 to August 2016 were entered into Microsoft Excel 2000 software,Statistical analysis was performed on the categories of antimicrobials,drug names,clinical manifestations,and DDDs,composition ratio of ADR and ratio ofB/A.Results Involved in 151 ADR cases and 10 kinds of antibacterial drugs,the top 3 antibacterial drugs respectively were Fluoroquinolones,Cephalosporins,and Penicillins,the top 3 DDDs respectively were Cephalosporins,Fluoroquinolones,and Macrolides,and the B/A values of Cephalosporins,Macrolides,and Antifungal agents were over 1.The top 4 ADR composition ratios respectively were Levofloxacin,Moxifloxacin,Cefmetazole,and Cefotiam,and the top 4 DDDs respectively were Levofloxacin,Cefodizime sodium,Azithromycin,and Cefmetazole,and the B/A ratios of Cefodizime sodium,Metronidazole,and Azithromycin were over than 1.Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin had a higher risk of severe ADR,and Levofloxacin and Cefotiadine had a higher risk of new ADR.Conclusion The ADR rate of antibacterial drugs is basic consistent with its DDDs.Clinical should pay more attention to the individual drugs with higher rates of ADR,such as Cefodizime sodium,metronidazole,and azithromycin etc.
ABSTRACT
Stable isotope coded derivatization (ICD) is an isotope labeling technique for specific functional groups of the target analytes through chemical derivatization.ICD combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enables systematically analyzing the biomolecules with the same labeling reaction characteristic.ICD technique can effectively solve the limited sensitivity in complex bio-matrices analysis and unavailability of isotope internal standards in quantitative analysis.In recent years, ICD technique has been widely used in metabolomics research field.Based on this background, the ICD technique and the design of ICD reagents are briefly described in this review.The recent advances in ICD reagents for carboxyl, amino, carbonyl, thiol and hydroxyl groups and their applications in the analysis of small molecule metabolites in bio-matrices with LC-MS/MS are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Since γH2 AX was firstly found in 1998 , it has been one of the most important scientific topics and research tools in the related scientific fields. At present, a series of advanced testing methods and analytical technologies have been developed, which exhibited a quite attractive application prospect in the area of life science and medical science. This paper reviewed the latest progress about γH2AX in terms of molecular mechanism of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, development of testing technologies, and the related applications.
ABSTRACT
Phospho-histone H2AX(γH2AX) has been widely used in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of ionizing radiation, carcinogenic substances and cigarette smoke as an important biomarker of DNA double stranded breaks ( DSBs) . The study developed an enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay for detection of the content ofγH2AX in cells to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke. The study exposed CHO cells with cigarette smoke total particulate matter ( TPM) and cigarette smoke condensate ( CSC) of different dose, dose-effect relationship between smoke exposure and DNA damage and the poisonous difference of cigarette smoke components has been investigated by detecting the content change ofγH2 AX in cells under different exposure time and dose. In addition, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in cells were also detected to study the mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure induced DSBs. The experiment result showed that the required time for the level ofγH2AX in cells grew to the peak prolonged with increased exposure dose. Once the level of γH2AX in cells grew to the peak value, then it decreased slowly; the level of γH2AX in cells rised with increasing dose of cigarette smoke;The effect of TPM on the content change of γH2AX was more than CSC; Moreover, smoke exposure could induce concentration increase of ROS in cells, and a good correlation of content change of ROS and γH2AX in cells were found, free radicals in cigarette smoke may be one major cause of DSBs.
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Objective To observe the effect of early enteral nutrition combined with probiotics for acute severe stroke patients. Methods EiGhty-seven patients with acute severe stroke were randomly divided into control Group(47cases)and research Group(40 cases). Within 48 -72 h,both Groups were Given enternal nutrition,and research Group added probiotics on the basis of enternal nutrition. HemoGlobin( Hb ),serum albumin(ALB)and prealbumin(PLB)were detected on the lst,7th,2lth day after hospitalization. Infection incidence and the incidence of the Gastrointestinal adverse reaction were observed on the 7th,2lth day. GlasGow coma scale( GTS)and NeuroloGic impairment sccore( NIHSS)were assessed on the lst,2lth day. Results There were no satistical siGnificant differences between two Groups in terms of ALB,PLB and Hb on the first day after hospitalization(P>0. 05). The indicators of the two Groups occurred downward trend on the 7th day and control Group declined siGnificantly( The two Groups respectively:ALB:( 3l. 27 ±2. 42 ) G/L and( 27. 2l ±2. 69)G/L,P0. 05). Conclusion Enteral nutrition add probiotics is superior to enteral nutrition on the aspects of enhancinG body nutrition situation,relievinG the infection and the Gastrointestinal adverse reaction.
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A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MSMS ) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of N3-methyladenine ( N3-MeA ) and N3-ethyladenine ( N3-EtA ) in calf thymus DNA. The DNA samples has been purified and enriched by cation exchange cartridge ( Waters Oasis MCX) . d3-N3-MeA and d5-N3-EtA were used as isotope internal standard. The DNA samples were injected with autosampler. The injected volume was 3 μL and analysis time was 13 min. The sample separation was carried out on hydrophilic interaction chromatograph ( Waters XBridge HILIC ) with 10 mmol/L ammonium formate-acetonitrile (5:92, V/V, pH=4. 0) as mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 250 μL/min. Mass spectrometry was performed by electrospray ionization ( ESI ) with multi-reactions monitoring ( MRM ) . The optimized operation conditions of MS were as follows: nebulizer gas 369 Pa; curtain gas 185 Pa, turbo ionspray temperature 400 ℃, ionspray voltage 5500 V, dwell time 40 ms. The limits of detection were 0. 043 and 0. 007 μg/L for N3-MeA and N3-EtA, respectively. The recoveries were between 87. 8% and 103. 0%for N3-MeA and N3-EtA. This method was successfully applied to the determination of N3-MeA and N3-EtA in calf thymus DNA by cigarette smoke condensate ( CSC) exposure. This method is appropriate for routine analysis and accurate quantification of N3-MeA and N3-EtA by CSC exposure.
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Biohydrogen production from corncob by dark fermentation was reported for the first time. The effects of the pretreatment condition, substrate concentration and initial pH on the hydrogen production were investigated in batch cultivations. The maximum hydrogen yield of 107.9 mL/g-TVS and hydrogen production rate of 4.2 mL/g-TVS .h(-) were obtained under the condition of 1% HCl pretreating substrate for 30 min, 10 g/L substrate concentration and initial pH8.0. The content of hemicellulose in corncob decreased significantly from 42.2% to 3.0% after HC1 pretreatment. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the acid pretreated corncob decreased slightly in hydrogen producing process. The results indicate that the acid pretreatment of the substrate plays a key role in the conversion of corncob into biohydrogen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the changes in the corncob composition during the treatment of chemical-microbial process. It was shown that the amorphous domains of cellulose and hemicellulose were hydrolyzed into fermentable asccharides through HCl pretreatment and the microorganisms had a devastating effect on the crystallinitiy of the cellulose.