ABSTRACT
The peptides,proteins and other biological molecules in transudative pleural effusion correlate directly or indirectly with specific physiological and pathological state,reflecting the information regarding the lungs or other parts of the body.In the present study,the peptide fraction in transudative pleural effusion was isolated by uhrafiltration.After desalted and enriched by C18 tips,the peptide mixture was analyzed by nano LC-MS/MS.The results showed that 314 peptides,which were originated from 52 proteins,in pleural transudate were identified.More than half of the peptides were derived from fibrinogen.Many peptides were characterized as displaying ladder sequences.In addition,a large number of proline oxidation modifications were detected in the peptides derived from collagen and fibrinogen.Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the most of the proteins extracellular properties of pleural transudate polypeptide components were protein with exocytosis.The study provided a rapid and efficient separation and analysis methods for lung disease markers related peptide compounds in pleural fluid leakage.Also this research provided a rapid and effective method for screening peptide biomarkers related to lung diseases from transudative pleural effusion.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathologic features, molecular characteristics and prognosis of spread through air space (STAS) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung.@*Methods@#Two hundred and eighty-eight lung adenocarcinoma patients with complete clinicopathologic and follow-up data were included. The patients were divided into STAS positive (178 cases) and negative (110 cases) groups.EGFR and KRAS gene mutations were detected by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), and ALK and ROS1 gene fusion were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization method. The relationship between STAS and clinicopathologic, molecular features, and patient outcome was analyzed.@*Results@#STAS was present in 61.8%(178/288) of lung adenocarcinomas. The positive rate of STAS in tumors >3 cm was significantly higher than that in tumors ≤3 cm (P=0.009), and was significantly higher in tumors with pleural invasion (P<0.01), venous invasion (P<0.01), lymphatic invasion (P<0.01), perineural invasion (P=0.029) and tumors with necrosis (P<0.01). STAS was also correlated with tumor recurrence (P<0.01) and advanced pathologic TNM stage (P=0.002). There was no significant correlation with patients′ gender, age and smoking history. Histologically, STAS was present in 58.0%(91/157), 67.6%(50/74), 2/6, 64.3%(27/42) and 8/9 of acinar, papillary, lepidic, solid and micropapillary adenocarcinomas, respectively. In addition, the positive rates of STAS in tumor with micropapillary (>5%) and without micropapillary pattern were 80.9%(55/68) and 55.9%(123/220), respectively (P<0.01). STAS was significantly higher in EGFR negative group (P=0.034), ALK gene rearrangement group (P=0.003) and ROS1 gene rearrangement group (P=0.012), but there was no significant correlation with KRAS mutation. Univariate survival analysis showed that patients with STAS had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS, P<0.01) and overall survival (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis confirmed that STAS was an independent predictor of PFS in lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR: 2.749, 95%CI: 1.550-4.876, P=0.001).@*Conclusions@#The presence of STAS in lung adenocarcinoma suggests high risk of recurrence and invasion and is thus an important prognostic factor. In addition, STAS is associated with EGFR mutation, ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangement.
ABSTRACT
Bacillus alcalophilus DTY1, one moderate halophytic bacterium isolated from saline soil in Loess Plateau of China, was characterized with efficient production of ectoine. In this study, the gene cluster ectABC taking in charge of biosynthesizing ectoine was cloned from the genomic library of strain DTY1. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that ectA, ectB and ectC were predicted to encode peptides of 169, 428 and 132 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of EctA, EctB and EctC share 59%, 81% and 81% identity to 2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase and ectoine synthase of B. halodurans C-125, respectively. A fragment containing ectABC genes was introduced into B. cereus Z, which made the transgenic Z cells increased tolerance to salt, remarkably. HPLC analysis of ectoine in the transgenic Z cells revealed that 70.1 mg/g ectoine was detected in 1.0% NaCl medium and 118.6 mg/g ectoine in 5.0% NaCl medium. Furthermore, as the concentration of salt increased, transgenic Z cells accumulated more ectoine. These results suggest that ectoine is an important facet in B. alcalophilus DTY1 to high-osmolarity surroundings, and the expression of ectABC is induced by salt strength.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Amino Acids, Diamino , Genetics , Physiology , Bacillus , Classification , Genetics , Bacillus cereus , Genetics , Metabolism , Bacterial Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Osmotic Pressure , Sodium Chloride , Metabolism , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the use of free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio (fPSA/tPSA ratio) in improving the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>fPSA/tPSA ratio in the serum was analyzed prospectively in 187 men with tPSA ranging between 4.0 and 20.0 microg/L. All of them underwent ultrasound-guided sextant prostatic biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated by SPSS 10.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prostate cancer detection rates were 18.1% and 22.5% when tPSA was within the ranges of 4.0-10.0 g/L and 10.0-20.0 g/L respectively. fPSA/tPSA ratio was more significant than tPSA in all the men. When the cut-off value of fPSA/tPSA ratio was set at 0.25, 90.5% and 87.5% of cancers could be detected; and 26.7% and 11.3% of biopsies could be avoided within the tPSA ranges of 4.0-10.0 g/L and 10.0-20.0 g/L, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of fPSA/tPSA ratio can improve prostate cancer detection and reduce unnecessary biopsies when tPSA is within the range of 4.0-10.0 microg/L and 10.0-20.0 microg/L.</p>