Clinical analysis of 249 cases of children with foreign bodies in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Insertion of a foreign body in the nasal cavity is a very common incident in children. It is easily diagnosed, but the type of foreign body varies and the extraction can sometimes be difficult with risk of complications. The present study reported nasal foreign bodies diagnosed in emergency in our ENT department, with an update on the state of knowledge.@*METHOD@#A prospective study between Feb 2013 to Sept 2015 included patients admitted to the ENT emergency unit for nasal foreign body. Data comprised age, gender, circumstances of discovery, symptoms, type of foreign body, extraction method and complications. Many patients required anterior rhinoscope for the diagnosis and removal (179/249, 71. 9%), and 170 cases were directly removed and 9 cases were into alimentary canal; Most irregularly shaped objects were removed by a endoscope under general anesthesia (70/249, 28.1%), including button batteries (n= 65), nasal calculi (n = 2) and chopsticks (n = 3).@*RESULT@#The main types of foreign body were vegetal forms (61.8%). The incident was discovered following nasal symptoms in 24.9% (n = 62). Extraction was easy by using forceps, micro-hooks or suction in 71.9% of qn:Nasal sinuses foreign body on prevention, detailed history and make the necessary inspection, can improve the correct diagnostic rate.

One case of human nasal myiasis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Human myiasis is caused by the parasitic maggots of flies. We report a case of nasal myiasis in a 37-year-old woman in Henan. The patient presented with nasal foreign-body sensation, nansal itching sneezing, snuffle and such allergic symptoms in nasal cavity. Based on maggots that were bowed from the right nasal cavity, a detailed endoscopic examination, sinus CT scan and identification of the maggot's species done by parapsychologists of the parasitology teaching and reseach section of the Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, the diagnosis of human nasal infestation by oestrus ovis was definited.

Expression and significance of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream factors IL-1β/IL-18 in rat model of allergic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression and explore the role of the innate immune NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/ interleukin-18 (IL-18) in rat model of allergic rhinitis (AR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (A group), AR model group 1 (B group), AR model group 2(C group), AR model group 3 (D group). Every group contained 10 rats. After the rats in the model group were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, B, C and D groups were separately stimulated with 5% OVA for 10 days, 20 days and 30 days (once a day). The control group did not add OVA in the process of sensitization and excitation. All rats were executed after excitation.Eosinophil granulocyte (EOS) infiltration were observed in nasal mucosa by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the expression of NLRP3 and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 (Caspase-1) were observed in nasal mucosa by immunohistochemical staining. The concentrations of ovalbumin specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), IL-18 and IL-1β in peripheral blood and the concentrations of IL-18 and IL-1β in nasal fluid were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were processed by SPSS 17.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EOS cell counted, the behavioral score and the concentrations of OVA-sIgE in AR model group were obviously higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), and the difference of which had statistical significance between the AR model groups (P < 0.05). The expression of NLRP3 in AR model group (The expression of NLRP3 in group of B, C and D were 48.80 ± 10.75, 71.80 ± 16.98 and 100.32 ± 13.91, respectively) were obviously higher than those in control group (17.47 ± 5.59), the difference of which had statistical significance (F = 78.399, P < 0.05). The expression of Caspase-1 in AR model group (The expression of Caspase-1 in group of B, C and D were 36.33 ± 4.71, 50.87 ± 11.18 and 73.10 ± 14.77, respectively) were obviously higher than those in control group (11.48 ± 2.70), the difference of which had statistical significance (F = 71.727, P < 0.05). The concentrations of IL-1β in AR model group [The concentrations of IL-1β in group of B, C and D were (56.46 ± 10.13), (82.37 ± 11.93), (112.01 ± 22.91) pg/ml, respectively] were obviously higher than those in control group [(38.26 ± 4.66) pg/ml], the difference of which had statistical significance (F = 51.981, P < 0.05). The concentrations of IL-18 in AR model group [The concentrations of IL-18 in group of B, C and D were (177.92 ± 23.63), (194.33 ± 20.78), (234.06 ± 31.70) pg/ml, respectively] were obviously higher than those in control group [(89.71 ± 5.56) pg/ml], the difference of which had statistical significance (F = 73.295, P < 0.05). And the difference of which had statistical significance between the AR model groups (P < 0.05). The expression of NLRP3 was significantly positively correlated with the behavioral score, the concentrations of OVA-sIgE and EOS cell counted in rat model of allergic rhinitis (r value were 0.833,0.873 and 0.868, respectively, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream factors IL-1β/IL-18 play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, which may be correlated with the degree of inflammation.</p>

A case of giant cavernous hemangioma of the nasal septum / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To report a case of an adult male with a huge cavernous hemangioma arising from the nasal septum, and the lesion was widely spread to hard palate, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus and right maxillary sinus. After giving embolization, it was completely excised via transnasal endoscopic approach and lateral rhinotomy, histologic examination reported cavernous hemangioma. There was no recurrence at 1 year's follow-up.