ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Thyroid GlandABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching model in breast cancer medical imaging education based on multidisciplinary treatment (MDT). Methods The PBL teaching practice of breast cancer imaging based on MDT was carried out in the 192 clinical medicine students in Grade 2014 of Guangzhou Medical University. The students were randomly divided into four groups (group A, B, C and D) and each group was further divided into 1 to 5 teams, with 9 to 11 students in each team. The MDT teaching team consisted of clinical physicians in medical imaging, radiation oncology, surgery (specialized in breast tumor), and other disciplines. The formative assessment method was used to evaluate the teaching effects and the problems involved wereanalyzed. Results Firstly, with a full score of 100 points, the quantitative evaluation of each teaching team on the performance of students in PBL were (86.6±7.8), (87.1±8.1), (83.9±6.5), (88.1±4.5), and (85.1±8.2), respectively. No significant difference was found among each tutor team’s quantitative evaluation (F=1.014, P=0.388). Secondly, the whole posi-tive evaluation rate of students for tutors was 96.28%, with the highest and lowest positive rates as 98.36% and 94.08%, respectively. Significant difference was found among parts of the tutors ( χ2=10.554, P=0.032), specifically between team 1 and 5 (Z=2.245,P=0.025), 3 and 4 (Z=2.217,P=0.027) and 3 and 5 (Z=2.761,P=0.006) respectively. Lastly, the positive and negative evaluation rates of student's self-assessment were 87.33% and 12.67% respectively. Conclusion The effects of PBL based on MDT in breast cancer imaging teaching practice is encouraging, and the formative assessment method can objectively and effectively evalu-ate the effects of this kind of teaching model. However, the standards of evaluation still need to be further perfected and improved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the MSCT features of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP)combined with pathologic findings,to improve understanding of imaging features of PSP.Methods The clinical features of 38 PSP patients confirmed by pathology between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed.All patients underwent MSCT plain and enhanced scan.The imaging findings were studied retrospectively combined with clinical pathology.Results 38 lesions were solitary roundlike nodules and masses.Among which 1 9 lesions were less than 3 cm, 9 lesions were more than 5 cm and 10 lesions were between 3 cm and 5 cm.6 lesions had cystic degeneration,13 lesions had calcification;8 lesions with heterogeneous density showed maplike distribution on unenhanced scans;1 9 lesions were homogeneous enhancement;1 9 lesions maplike heterogeneous enhancement,and 3 of 1 9 had significant peripheral enhancement;35 lesions were progressive enhancement. There were strip-shape vessels in 10 lesions in arterial phase,welt vessel sign in 26 lesions;halo sign in 8 lesions,air-meniscus sign in 3 lesions,pulmonary artery sign in 10 lesions,and tail sign in 9 lesions.There was halo sign with air-meniscus sign in 1 lesion.Conclusion PSP has the general characteristics of benign tumors,and there have certain characteristics in calcification,density distribution,enhancement form and adjoint features.A comprehensive analysis of all the MSCT features combined with clinical pathology can help to improve the accuracy of diagnoses in PSP.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the imaging appearances and causes of hepatic pseudolesions around the falciform ligament.Methods 40 patients (23 cases of A-type,17 cases of B-type) of hepatic pseudolesion around the falciform ligament examined by CT were collected.Combined with pathology of 2 cases,follow-up of 6 cases,MRI findings in 5 cases,and with the relevant literature reviewes,the density change of CT plain and enhanced scan and the causes of hepatic pseudolesion around the falciform ligament were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were low density in 25 cases,isodensity in 13 cases,high density in 2 cases in arterial phase,density lower than that of liver in 40 cases in portal phase,low or slightly low density in 27 cases and isodensity in 13 case of A-type in delayed phase.Of 40 cases,there were isointense in 2 cases of A-type in any sequence,and no sigal changes on out-phase images;there were intensity decline on out-phase images comparing to in-phase images in 3 cases of B type.Of 6 CT follow-up cases,there were no changes in 2 cases of A-type and shrinked or disappear in 4 cases of B-type;and there were more shrinked in 1 B-type case of MRI follow-up again after one month.Conclusion Hepatic pseudolesion of A-type can be resulted from focal fatty infiltration,and that of B-type can be caused by special blood-supply.They have characteristics in locations,and characteristic imaging appearances on CT and MRI images,and they can be clearly diagnosed generally.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the CT characteristics of atypical hepatic hemangiomas.Methods 20 patients with atypical hepatic hemangiomas confirmed by pathology were collected.All patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced CT scan and the atypical CT findings were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 24 lesions in 20 patients,among which 21 lesions were round in shape and 3 lesions were irregular.Scars and necrosis were found in 14 lesions,calcifications in 2 lesions and capsule contractions in 2 lesions.Contrast-enhanced CT showed significant peripheral enhancements with incomplete fill-in in delayed phase in 13 lesions, homogeneous enhancements in arterial phase and continuous enhancements in portal and /or delayed phase in 2 lesions,central patchy enhancements in the arterial phase and reverse enhancements from center to edge in portal and/or delayed phase in 4 lesions, mild to moderate peripheral enhancements in the arterial phase in 3 lesions,and no enhancements in the arterial phase and mild enhancement in portal and/or delayed phase in 2 lesions.In addition,2 cases had arteriovenous fistulas.Conclusion As for atypical hepatic hemangioma,it is necessary to comprehensively observe and analyze the delicate signs for correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the toxicities of methotrexate in the treatment of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia Method 28 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were randomly divided into two groups(A and B), they were treated with methotrexate 3.0 g/m 2 (n=16) and 5.0 g/m 2(n=12). The toxicities of two doses of methotrexate were observed. Results The main toxicities of methotrexate were marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reaction and liver damage. They were mostly mild.No statistically significant difference was found between group A and group B .Conclusion The toxicities of methotrexate are common and can be tolerated.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the correlation between the dynamic enhanced CT signs of hepatocellual carcinoma(HCC),MVD and VEGF expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The MVD and VEGF expression were examined by means of SP immunohistochemical technique in 45 cases of HCC proved by pathology.All patients were examined by plain and contrast-enhanced CT.Results(1)The relation of pathologic grade,MVD and VEGF:the MVD in HCC of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 22.9 ± 12.6,36.7 ±16.2,51.1±17.3,67.8±21.4,VEGF positive rates in HCC of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 28.6%(2/7),53.3%(8/15),90.9%(10/11)and 100.0%(12/12).The pathologic grading of HCC was positively correlated with MVD and VEGF expression,in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ,Ⅱ and grade Ⅳ(P＜0.05).There were no statistical correlation between Ⅰ and Ⅱ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ or between Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P＞0.05).(2)There were three blood supply types in HCC at contrast-enhanced CT,the MVD ad VEGF positive rates were 70.6±22.9 and 85.l%(23/27)in tumors with arterial blood,65.7±21.6 and 63.6%(7/11)in those with double blood supply,and 25.1±13.5 and 28.6%(2/7)in those with poor blood supply.There was statistical difference(P＞0.05)in VEGF expression between the tumors with arterial blood,arterial combining with double blood supply and poorly blood supply.In HCC with arterial and double blood supply,MVD expression level was higher than that with poor blood supplies(P＜0.01).Conclusion MVD and VEGF expression can reflect the tumor's cell differentiation of HCC in a certain degree.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the synergistic therapy effects of B and T lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA) extracellular domain in combination with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-TC-1 antigen peptide complex on the mouse model of cervical cancer and the related immunological mechanisms. Methods(1)Detecting the BTLA and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) gene expression in the tumor microenvironment after C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with TC-1 tumor cells by realtime PCR; BTLA,HVEM expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes cell surface were detected by flow cytometry (fluorescence intensity). (2) According to different treatments, tumor-bearing mice were divided into 5 groups, which was injected with pcDNA3. 1 (empty vector plasmid as control), psBTLA (vector plasmid which expresses BTLA extracellular domain), HSP70 (HSP70-TC-1 cell peptide complex), HSP70 +pcDNA3.1 or HSP70 + psBTLA, respectively. The weight of tumor was recorded. The expression of immunoregulatory genes in tumor microenvironment were detected. The change of lymphocyte amount and cytotoxicity were detected too; lymphocyte proliferation activity was measured by tritium thymidine incorporation assay; the concentration of interleukin (IL) 2 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in supernatants of spleen lymphocyte were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) BTLA gene expression was gradually increased after tumor cells inoculation. The highest expression level was 2. 83 + 0. 35 at 14th day, which had statistical significance difference with the 7th day expression of 1.66±0. 25 (P < 0. 05). While HVEM mRNA expression did not change significantly (P > 0. 05). The 7th and 14th day after TC-1 cells inoculation, the average fluorescence intensity of BTLA expression on the surface of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was 33.5 and 51.8, respectively, in which there was statistically significant difference (P <0. 05); while the difference of HVEM expression was not statistically significant (57. 2 vs 49. 3 ,P >0. 05). (2)The 28th day after inoculation, tumor inhibition rate of HSP70 + psBTLA group was 88%, which was significantly higher than other treatment groups (P <0. 05). The 28th day after TC-1 cells inoculation, combination therapy not only promoted IFN-γ and IL-2 gene (3. 12 + 0.71,3.20 + 0. 62)expression but also reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Foxp3 and IL-10 expression (0. 25±0. 03,0. 19 +0. 03,0. 31 +0. 04;P <0. 05). It also promoted CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration(52 +6)/high power field, cytotoxicity (65.5±2.4) %, proliferation (15.0 × 103 cpm) and cytokine IL-2 , IFN-γsecretion(824±51), (1096±112) pg/ml, which were all significantly higher than other groups (P <0. 05). Conclusion The effect of immunotherapy on tumor can be augmented by the combination of psBTLA which expresses extracellular domain of BTLA and HSP70-TC-1 tumor antigen peptide complex,which could improve the expression of the related immunoregulatory genes to establish a much better microenvironment in favor of anti-tumor immune response against the mice model of the cervix carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
A 33-year-old male patient complained of presenting goiter on the low back area for 2 months. Pathological examinations of resected goiter suggested non-Hodgkin lymphoma and showed that T cells, immunoblasts, and hemogram were roughly normal, and 2% sarcoma cells could be found in bone marrow. Stage Ⅳ T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed. Following 4 months of chemotherapy using CHOP protocol (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone included), the patient underwent bone marrow activation and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 application in April 1998. The preprocessing was performed under MACC protocol (L-sarcolysinum, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, and Iomustine included). Ten days after autologous stem cell transplantation, neutrophil concentration was > 0.5×109/L and sixteen days after transplantation, blood platelet concentration was > 50×109/L. Six days after transplantation, the patient exhibited fever, and E. Coli infection was confirmed through blood culture. After antibiotic treatment, body temperature recovered to normal, and fever disappeared. The patient had been followed-up for 10 years and 10 months. During the follow-up period, he lived a normal life and work.