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Objective:To investigate the changes of mortality，causes of death，and cause-specific mortality rate（CMR）of hospitalized neonates in NICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Method:A retrospective study was performed to compare the mortality，cause of death，and CMR of hospitalized neonates in period Ⅰ（2005-2009），period Ⅱ（2010-2014）and period Ⅲ（2015-2020）.Result:The overall mortality of hospitalized neonates in NICU of our hospital was 0.51%（104/20 493）through 2005 to 2020. The mortality in period Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.61%（48/7 855），0.43%（27/6 209），and 0.45%（29/6 429），respectively. Compared with period Ⅰ，the mortality of preterm infants decreased significantly in period Ⅱ（3.14% vs 1.24%， χ2=14.076， P<0.01）and in period Ⅲ（3.14% vs 0.90%， χ2=25.157， P<0.01）. Eighty-five（81.7%）neonates were premature，and ninety-one（89.2%）neonates had definite abnormal perinatal factors. The CMR of hospitalized neonates related to pulmonary hemorrhage，congenital anomalies，and NRDS were 1.22‰（25/20 493），0.93‰（19/20 493），and 0.59‰（12/20 493），respectively. The CMR of other causes were sepsis 0.44‰（9/20 493），extremely premature 0.34‰（7/20 493），and perinatal asphyxia 0.24‰（5/20 493），respectively. Compared with period Ⅰ，specific mortality of NRDS in period Ⅱ（1.27‰ vs 0.16‰， χ2=5.487， P=0.016）and period Ⅲ（1.27‰ vs 0.16‰， χ2=5.738， P=0.014）significantly decreased. The leading causes of neonatal death in period Ⅰ，period Ⅱ，and period Ⅲ were NRDS，pulmonary hemorrhage，and congenital anomalies，respectively.And 71.2%（74/104）of neonatal deaths occurred within 7 days after birth. Conclusion:The mortality of preterm infants and specific mortality of NRDS in NICU have significantly decreased over the past 16 years.Congenital anomalies and infections remain important causes of death，and further efforts are needed to improve perinatal care.
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Objective The potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by rhubarb was preliminarily explored by network pharmacology and verified by cell experiments.Methods Based on network pharmacology,component collection and target prediction are carried out through multiple databases.PPI network construction,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were combined with software to systematically predict the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by rhubarb.The pathway information predicted by network pharmacology was verified by primary hepatocyte experiments and Western blot experiments.Results The results of network pharmacology showed that RH was the main component of hepatotoxicity induced by rhubarb.Seventeen core targets of hepatotoxicity induced by rhubarb were obtained.KEGG results suggested that DNA damage and apoptosis were one of the key mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by rhubarb.The results of primary hepatocytes and Western blot showed that RH could inhibit the viability of primary hepatocytes in a time-dose dependent manner.ABT and SFP can significantly reduce the toxicity of RH on primary liver cells in mice,and RFP can increase the toxicity of RH to mouse primary liver cells.Upregulation of γ-H2AX and PARP-1 protein in primary liver cells of mice after treatment with different concentrations of RH.Conclusion RH in rhubarb can significantly inhibit the viability of mouse primary hepatocytes,and its toxicity to mouse primary hepatocytes is mainly caused by the metabolic activation of RH by CYP 2C9.RH can activate PARP-1 protein,phosphorylate H2AX,induce DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse primary hepatocytes.
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Objective:To investigate the perinatal prognosis and its impact factors for premature infants with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who were born at ≤34 weeks of gestation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 68 pregnancies of TTTS with gestational age ≤34 weeks at delivery, among them 106 preterm infants (TTTS group) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to February 2019. During the same period, another 178 twins without TTTS, congenital malformation, and intrauterine intervention who matched the TTTS group in maternal age (differences within two years) and gestational age (differences within one week) were assigned as non-TTTS group. Perinatal prognosis of TTTS infants born at ≤34 weeks was analyzed by comparing the differences in postnatal early complications and perinatal outcomes (survival time morn than 28 days or not) between the TTTS and non-TTTS groups, recipient and donor twins, mild and severe TTTS infants, and among TTTS infants with different intrauterine interventions. The risk factors for perinatal survival in TTTS infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks were analyzed. Two independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, rank-sum test, Chi-square test, and ordered logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Among the 68 pregnancies, the overall perinatal survival rate of the neonates was 72.1% (98/136), the double-twin survival rate was 48.5% (33/68), and the rate of at least one survivor was 95.6% (65/68). (2) In the TTTS group, 62 were recipients and 44 were donors. Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TTTS was found in 41 cases (mild TTTS group) and stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ in 65 cases (severe TTTS group). (3) The rate of severe brain injury was higher in the severe-TTTS group than those in the mild-TTTS group [9.2% (6/65) vs. 0.0% (0/41), χ 2=4.01, P=0.045]. (4) Gestational age ≤28 weeks ( OR=101.90, 95% CI: 5.07-2 048.37), stage Ⅳ ( OR=14.04, 95% CI: 1.56-126.32) and stage Ⅴ TTTS ( OR=51.09, 95% CI: 3.58-728.81) were independent risk factors for death within 28 days (all P<0.05). (5) Compared with the non-TTTS group, the TTTS group had higher rates of neonatal anemia [51.9% (55/106) vs. 33.1% (59/178), χ 2=9.71], polycythemia [5.7% (6/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=7.18], neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], sepsis [15.1% (16/106) vs. 7.3% (13/178), χ 2=4.40], state Ⅲ or higher retinopathy of prematurity [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], congenital cardiac structural abnormality [19.8% (21/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=33.45], heart failure [8.5% (9/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=12.29], and renal insufficiency [14.2% (15/106) vs. 1.1% (2/178), χ 2=20.04] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the twin premature infants without TTTS, those with TTTS and ≤34 gestational age were more likely to have cardiac, cerebral, and renal complications. The more severe the TTTS, the higher the incidence of severe brain injury. TTTS preterm infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and stage Ⅳ or above have high risk of death.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis combined with edaravone dexborneol at different timing in super elderly patients (aged≥85 years) with moderate to severe acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:A prospective study was performed. Seventy-one super elderly patients with moderate to severe AIS treated with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis combined with edaravone dexborneol from December 2020 to March 2023 in Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fourth Central Hospital of Nankai University were selected and randomly divided into early group ( n=35) and advanced group ( n=36); patients in the early group were given edaravone dexborneol immediately after rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, and patients in the advanced group were given edaravone dexborneol 24 h after rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. In addition, 31 patients with moderate to severe AIS received rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis only in Department of Neurology of the hospital from August 2018 to December 2020 were selected as control group. Differences in efficacy and safety indexes among the 3 groups were compared. Results:After 7 d of treatment, the improvement rate of neurological function in early group was significantly higher than that in control group and advanced group ( P<0.05). After 90 d of treatment, modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores in early group were statistically lower than those in control group and advanced group ( P<0.05); good prognosis rate in early group was statistically higher than that in control group and advanced group ( P<0.05). The incidences of intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in early group were significantly lower than those in control group and advanced group ( P<0.05). After 30 and 90 d of treatment, the advanced group had significantly lower mortality than the control group, but significantly higher mortality than the early group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Edaravone dexborneol immediately after rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis is the optimal timing for super elderly patients with moderate to severe AIS, which can improve the efficacy and safety.
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OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects of Shaoyao gancao decoction （SGD） on acute lung injury （ALI） in rats and its effects on the intestinal flora. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （CON group， normal saline）， model group （MOD group， normal saline）， positive control group （DEX group， 5 mg/kg dexamethasone）， SGD low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （SGD-L， SGD-M， SGD-H groups， 5.8， 11.6， 23.2 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine 10 mL/kg intragastrically， for 7 consecutive days. Thirty minutes after the last administration， CON group was given constant volume of normal saline via airway infusion， and other groups were given lipopolysaccharide （5 mg/kg） via airway infusion to induce ALI model. After 12 hours of modeling， the lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio was calculated， and the contents of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α） in rat bronchial alveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were all detected； the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The intestinal flora of rat feces was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology， and the correlation of differential bacteria genera with inflammatory factors was also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MOD group， the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of rats in each SGD dose group was decreased， and the thickening of alveolar septum and pulmonary edema improved； lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. SGD （low dose） could improve the intestinal flora disorder in ALI rats， restore the diversity and richness of intestinal flora， regulate the structure of flora， reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella， and increase the abundance of Firmicutes， Lachnospira， Ruminococcus， Clostridia，Dubosiella and Akkermansia. Through correlation analysis， it was found that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella was positively related to the levels of inflammatory factor IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative abundance of Lachnospira， Dubosiella， Firmicutes was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors mentioned above （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS SGD may improve ALI by reducing lung tissue injury and inflammatory response and regulating flora structure in rats.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase(rt-PA)for elderly acute ischemic stroke patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:In this retrospective study, data of 165 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction on maintenance dialysis, aged 65-85, treated at the Stroke Center of the Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University between May 2018 and March 2021, were collected.Based on whether intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase(rt-PA)was used and differences in thrombolytic schemes, patients were divided into a conservative treatment group( n=58, receiving only standardized secondary stroke prevention), a low-dose rt-PA group( n=57, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.6 mg/kg)and a standard-dose rt-PA group( n=50, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.9 mg/kg). The safety and efficacy of rt-PA treatment were assessed. Results:The rate of effectiveness at 24 h and the rate of good prognosis at 7 d were 64.9%(37/57)and 70.2%(40/57)for the low-dose rt-PA group and 68.0%(34/50)and 74.0%(37/50)for the standard dose group, respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups( χ2=0.417, P=0.518; χ2=0.636, P=0.425), but these rates were better than 29.3%(17/58)and 41.4%(24/58)for the conservative treatment group( χ2=10.583、16.714, P<0.001). The good prognosis rate at 90 days were 73.7%(42/57), 78.0%(39/50)and 69.0%(40/58)for the three groups, respectively, with no significant difference( χ2=1.126, P=0.569), but the fatality rate for the low-dose rt-PA group was 7.0%(4/57), lower than 18.0%(9/50)( χ2=5.420, P=0.020)for the standard dose rt-PA group and 20.0%(8/58)for the conservative treatment group( χ2=5.048, P=0.025). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was 8.8%(5/57)for the low-dose rt-PA group, lower than 24.0%(12/50)for the standard-dose rt-PA group( P=0.032). The incidence of extracranial complications was 15.8%(9/57)for the low-dose rt-PA group, lower than 36.0%(18/50)for the standard-dose group( P=0.017). Conclusions:For elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction on maintenance hemodialysis, intravenous thrombolytic therapy with low dose rt-PA should be considered with caution.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effect of endurance training on Parkinson disease(PD) mice and the effect of AMPK/mTOR pathway on autophagy and exosomes secretion.Methods:Thirty-two 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into quiet group, exercise group, PD quiet group and PD exercise group, with 8 mice in each group.The mice in exercise group and PD exercise group received 4-week treadmill endurance training.After training, mice in PD quiet group and PD exercise group were given rotenone (30 mg·kg -1·d -1) dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose salt solution and gavaged for 56 consecutive days.The mice in quiet group and exercise group were given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose salt solution by gavage.Then, the mice in exercise group and PD exercise group received treadmill endurance training for 4 weeks.The behaviors of mice in each group were measured after training.The content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in substantia nigra of mice in each group was measured by immunohistochemistry.Western blot was used to detect the expression of plasma α-synuclein(α-syn), exosomes surface marker proteins CD9 and CD63, and the content of microtubule associated protein light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ), α-syn, adenine ribonucleotide dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in substantia nigra of mice in each group.SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data.One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups and the LSD method was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:There was significant difference in the residence time of mice in the four groups on the rotarod instrument ( F=2 618.20, P<0.01). Compared with the quiet group, the residence time of PD quiet group decreased ((110.34±8.20) s, (186.20±6.83) s, P<0.01). Compared with the PD quiet group, the residence time of PD exercise group increased ((160.56±8.30)s, P<0.01). (2) There was no significant difference in the expression of plasma exosome marker proteins CD9 and CD63 among the four groups ( F=1.57, 1.26, both P>0.05). (3) There was significant difference in the expression of α-syn in plasma exosomes of the four groups ( F=1 303.99, P<0.01). The expression of α-syn in plasma exosomes in PD quiet group was higher than that of quiet group ((180.57±8.20), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01). Compared with the PD quiet group, the expression of α-syn in plasma exosomes in PD exercise group decreased ((150.23±7.30), P<0.01). (4) There was significant difference in the number of TH positive neurons in substantia nigra among the four groups ( F=447.09, P<0.01). Compared with the quiet group, the number of TH positive neurons in the substantia nigra of PD quiet group decreased ((48.23±6.30), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01). Compared with the PD quiet group, the number of TH positive neurons in the substantia nigra of PD exercise group increased ((68.62±8.20), P<0.01). (5) Western blot showed that there were significant differences in the expression of α-syn, p-mTOR, p-AMPK and LC3-Ⅱ in substantia nigra of the four groups ( F=753.62, 361.48, 261.95, 248.07, all P<0.01). Compared with the quiet group, the expression of α-syn in substantia nigra of PD quiet group increased ((184.16±15.31), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01), the expression of p-mTOR in substantia nigra increased ((156.77±3.99), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01), the expression of p-AMPK decreased ((70.65±8.43), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01), and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in substantia nigra decreased ((72.25±7.86), (100.00±0.00), P<0.01). Compared with PD quiet group, the expression of α-syn in substantia nigra decreased ((158.23±9.30), P<0.01), the expression of p-mTOR in substantia nigra decreased ((123.61±16.86), P<0.01), the expression of p-AMPK increased ((96.35±9.45), P<0.01), and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in substantia nigra increased ((108.89±10.67), P<0.01). Conclusion:Endurance training regulates autophagy and the expression of exosomes in PD mice through AMPK/mTOR signal pathway, protects dopaminergic neurons in mouse midbrain and improves motor function.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute ischemic stroke with stress hyperglycemia under the guidance of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c).Methods:The clinical data of 195 patients of acute cerebral infarction with admission blood glucose over 22.2 mmol/L and GHbA1c less than 15.59% were collected in Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into control group (60 cases), rt-PA low-dose group (0.6 mg/kg, 70 cases) and rt-PA standard-dose group (0.9 mg/kg, 65 cases) to evaluate the guiding effect of GHbA1c and the efficacy and safety of rt-PA.Results:The effective rate at 24 hours and good rate at 7 days were 61.4% (43/70) and 72.9% (51/70) in the rt-PA low-dose group, 64.6% (42/65) and 69.2% (45/65) in the rt-PA standard-dose group, respectively, both better than the control group [30.0% (18/60); χ2=18.25, P<0.001 and 46.7% (28/60); χ2=13.65, P=0.001]. The good outcome rate at 90 days was 82.8% (58/70) in the rt-PA low-dose group, which was better than 63.3% (38/60) in the control group (χ2=6.38, P=0.016), but without statistically significant difference compared with the rt-PA standard-dose group [72.3% (47/65); χ2=2.17, P=0.153]. The case fatality rate at 90 days of the rt-PA low-dose group was 7.1% (5/70), which was lower than 20.0% (13/65) in the rt-PA standard-dose group (χ2=4.82, P=0.041) and 18.3% (11/60) in the control group (χ2=5.04, P=0.030). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 8.5% (6/70) and 2.9% (2/70) in the rt-PA low-dose group, lower than 20.0% (13/65; P=0.048) and 13.8% (9/65; P=0.020) in the rt-PA standard-dose group. The incidence of extracranial hemorrhage was 7.1% (5/70) in the rt-PA low-dose group, lower than 18.9% (12/65) in the rt-PA standard-dose group ( P=0.042). Conclusion:Acute cerebral infarction patients with admission blood glucose over 22.2 mmol/L can receive rt-PA treatment when GHbA1c is less than 15.59%, and 0.6 mg/kg dosage is recommended.
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The first line of clinical treatment for Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PE). However, the prognoses of patients vary greatly, with high disability and mortality rates. Immunotherapy has become a research hotspot in recent years. This paper reviews the research progress of GBS immunotherapy in recent years from the prospect of monoclonal antibody, immunomodulator and cytokines, in order to provide basis for treatment of GBS.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and acute ischemic stroke.Methods:The clinical data of 235 patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving MHD were collected in our hospital from March 2018 to October 2021. According to the treatment methods chosen by themselves, these patients were divided into control group ( n=70, only receiving standardized secondary stroke prevention), rt-PA low-dose group ( n=85, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.6 mg/kg) and rt-PA standard-dose group ( n=80, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.9 mg/kg). The effective rate 24 h after treatment, good efficacy rate 7 d after treatment, and good prognosis rate and mortality 90 d after treatment were used to evaluate the effectiveness. The incidences of intracranial hemorrhage, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and severe extracranial hemorrhage 90 d after treatment were used to evaluate the safety. Results:There was no statistical difference in the good prognosis rate 90 d after treatment among the rt-PA low-dose group, the rt-PA standard-dose group and the control group (71.8%, 68.8%, and 64.3%; P>0.05), but the effective rate 24 h after treatment and good efficacy rate 7 d after treatment in the rt-PA low-dose group and rt-PA standard-dose group (44.7%, 57.7%; 46.3%, 62.5%) were both significantly higher than those in the control group (27.1%, 38.6%; P<0.05). The mortality 90 d after treatment in the rt-PA low-dose group (7.1%) was significantly lower than that in the rt-PA standard-dose group (22.5%) and control group (21.4%, P<0.05). The incidences of intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the rt-PA low-dose group (8.2%, 3.5%) were significantly lower than those in the rt-PA standard-dose group (22.5%, 16.3%; P<0.05), and the incidences of extracranial complications and gastrointestinal bleeding (5.9%, 1.2%) were significantly lower than those in the rt-PA standard-dose group (18.8%, 10.0%; P<0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with 0.6 mg/kg rt-PA is recommended for acute ischemic stroke patients receiving MHD.
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Objective:To evaluate the arthroscopy-assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) via the traditional anterolateral approach for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures (PTPF).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 79 patients with PTPF who had been treated from March 2014 to February 2020 at Department of Articular Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital. They were 37 males and 42 females, aged from 17 to 71 years (average, 46.0 years). According to treatment methods, they were assigned into an ARIF group (37 cases) and a control group (42 cases). The ARIF group was treated by ARIF via the traditional anterolateral approach and the ARIF varied according to the extents of articular collapse and split and displacement of fracture fragments. The control group was treated by traditional reduction and internal plate fixation of the proximal tibia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, blood loss, iliac bone grafting, hospitalization time, follow-up time, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, maximum flexion and extension, fracture healing time, Rassmussen functional and anatomical scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and complications.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months (average, 11.4 months). The operation time [(48.9±8.2) min], blood loss [(73.1±20.8) mL], hospitalization time [(9.3±2.5) d], and fracture healing time [(12.5±1.8) weeks] in the ARIF group were all significantly less than those in the control group [(55.2±9.9) min, (100.8±30.3) mL, (11.8±2.8) d and (15.1±2.1) weeks] while the HSS score [(93.5±4.6) points], maximum flexion angle (107.8°±10.4°) and Rassmussen functional score [(27.1±1.8) points] in the ARIF group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(88.4±7.4) points, 100.4°±10.0° and (26.1±2.4) points] (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in iliac bone grafting, follow-up time, maximum extension angle, Rassmussen anatomical score, VAS score, or rate of complications (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with traditional surgery, ARIF which varies with the extents of articular collapse and split and displacement of fracture fragments may lead to shorter operation time, reduced surgical trauma and more accurate reduction of the articular surface. Therefore, it can be an additional choice in the treatment of PTPF.
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A case of a 3-year-old child suffered with severe crush injury to the right forearm and right hand on June, 2017. A comprehensive treatment was conducted with limb salvage, free flap repair and the repair of nerve, vessel and tendon for functional reconstructions followed by rehabilitation therapies. The function and appearance of the injured limb and hand recovered well 3 years after surgery.
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Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia under the guidance of glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) level in the elderly. Methods:A retrospective study was performed. Two hundred and sixty-two elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction, admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021, were chosen in this study. Patients with admission blood glucose of 2.8-22.2 mmol/L and accepted intravenous thrombolysis with standard dose of rt-PA were enrolled into control group; patients with admission blood glucose over 22.2 mmol/L and HbA1c less than 15.59% were enrolled into experimental group. The patients in the experimental group were subdivided into conservative treatment group ( n=63), rt-PA low-dose group (0.6 mg/kg, maximum dose 60 mg, n=67) and rt-PA standard dose group (0.9 mg/kg, maximum dose 90 mg, n=60) according to whether these patients received rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis or not and dosage of rt-PA. The response rate 24 h after treatment and short-term prognosis 7 d after treatment were evaluated by referring to the treatment effectiveness evaluation criteria developed by NINDS clinical trials. The long-term prognosis was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 90 d after treatment. The safety evaluation indexes mainly included incidences of intracranial hemorrhage and complications within 90 d of treatment. Results:(1) The response rate 24 h after treatment showed significant differences among the 4 groups ( P<0.05): that in the control group, rt-PA low-dose group, and rt-PA standard dose group was significantly higher than that in the conservative treatment group ( P<0.05); the good prognosis rate 7 d after treatment showed significant differences among the 4 groups: that in the control group, rt-PA low-dose group, and rt-PA standard dose group was significantly higher than that in the conservative treatment group ( P<0.05). (2) Ninety d after treatment, 59 patients (81.9%), 46 (73.0%), 53 (79.1%), and 46 (76.7%) in the control group, conservative treatment group, rt-PA low-dose group, and rt-PA standard dose group had good prognosis, without significant differences among each group ( P>0.05). (3) There was significant difference in the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage within 90 d of treatment among the 4 groups ( P<0.05): that in the rt-PA standard dose group and rt-PA low-dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group and conservative treatment group, and that in the rt-PA standard dose group was significantly higher than that in the rt-PA low-dose group ( P<0.05). Seven patients (9.7%), 8(12.7%), 5(7.5%), and 13(21.7%) in the control group, conservative treatment group, rt-PA low-dose group, and rt-PA standard dose group had extracranial complications: the incidence of extracranial complications in the rt-PA low-dose group was significantly lower than that in the rt-PA standard-dose group ( P<0.05). There were 7 kinds of residual neurological dysfunction in 4 groups within 90 d of treatment, among which, numbness, weakness and speech impairment were the most common. Conclusion:Elderly acute cerebral infarction patients with admission blood glucose over 22.2 mmol/L can receive rt-PA treatment when HbA1c is less than 15.59%, and 0.6 mg/kg dosage is recommended.
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Exosomes can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and are highly stable in the peripheral circulation, which can protect disease-related molecules, so they can be used to monitor the development of disease and optimize early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the use of exosomes as biomarkers of central nervous system diseases is very promising. This article reviews the pathophysiological role of exosomes in Parkinson's disease and the research progress of exosomes as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.
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Objective To investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid(ALA)on 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced autophagy in human neuroblastoma(SH-SYSY)cells and its possible mechanisms.Methods SH-SYSY cells were divided into 5 groups:blank control group (group A),ALA group (group B),6-OHDA group(group C),ALA+6-OHDA group(group D),and rapamycin(RAPA)group (group E).The cell viability,cell apoptosis,and oxidative stress were assayed and analyzed in A-D group.The expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMP-K),phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot in A-E group.Results Compared with the blank control group,the 6-OHDA group significantly reduced the cell viability(P ＜ 0.01) and p-mTOR protein expression (P ＜0.05),and increased the cellular apoptosis rate(P＜0.01),oxidative stress level(P ＜0.01),LC3-Ⅱ protein expression(P＜0.05,with the highest level at 6 h after treatment),and p-AMPK protein expression(P＜＜0.05).There was no significant difference in these indices between ALA group and the blank control group.Compared with 6-OHDA group,ALA+ 6-OHDA group showed that the cell viability(P ＜ 0.01) and p-mTOR protein expression (P ＜ 0.05) were increased,while the cellular apoptosis rate(P＜0.01),oxidative stress level(P＜0.01),LC3-Ⅱ protein expression(P ＜0.05),and p-AMPK protein expression (P ＜ 0.05)were decreased.Conclusions The 6-OHDA can induce oxidative stress and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells and decrease the cell viability.ALA can alleviate the 6-OHDA-induced cell injury possibly by inhibiting autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Objective To study the pros and cons of two methods of infusing itraconazole injectionand prevent the blockage of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.Methods 172 patients infusing itraconazole were divided into two groups by random digital table method.86 cases established an independent infusion pathway as the control group,another 86 cases using PICC for itraconazole injection and withdrawing plunger of the syringe about 0.5 ml before and after the infusion and then pulsing-flushing it with 10 ml normal saline as the experimental group.Then compared the blockage rate of PICC and the patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.Results The blockage rate of the two groups had no significant difference (x2 =0.206,P ＞ 0.05) while patients' satisfaction with nursing skills was distinct,and the experimental group's was 96.51％ (83/86),much higher than 16.28％ (14/86) of the control group.Conclusions Withdrawing taken before and after the infusion of itraconazole injection could effectively prevent catheter blockage and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.
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Aim To study the protective effects of SEP on the hypertrophic myocardial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin and the mechanism. Methods The protein content was assayed with Lowrys meth-od;the cardiomyocytes area was measured by computer photograph analysis system;the expression of ANF and PPAR-α was determined by RT-PCR;APS was select-ed as control drug. Results Compared with conctrol group,the protein content,cardiomyocytes area and the expression of ANF and PPAR-α of high glucose and high insulin group were significantly increased. Com-pared with conctrol group,the SEP of different dosages were able to decrease the protein content, area, the expression of ANF mRNA and PPAR-α mRNA of cul-tured hypertrophic myocadial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin. Conclusion SEP can pre-vent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glu-cose and high insulin, which is related to its inhibition on PPAR-α signaling path.
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Objective To identify the relationship between impaired glucose regulation of neuronal apoptosis in hip-pocampus and the ability of learning/memory in rats.Methods The model rats were made by high fat and sugar diet;The morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory function;The TUNEL method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus .Expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA/Bax mRNA factor in hippo-campus neurons was detected with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization .Results Compared with NGT group, in IGR group the learning and memory ability were meaningfully decreased (P<0.05);the number of neuro-nal apoptosis in hippocampus was increased significantly ( P<0.05 ); the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA in hippocampus decreased significantly ( P<0.05);the expression of Bax and Bax mRNA in hippocampus increased sig-nificantly ( P<0.05 );The ability of learning and memory was positively correlated with expression of Bcl -2 ( P<0.05) and negatively correlated to the expression of Bax (P<0.05).Conclusions There is a relationship between impaired glucose regulation and the ability of learning and memory in rats , its mechanism may be potentially related to hippocampal neuronal apoptosis .
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Objective To investigate the effect of CT perfusion (CTP) imaging guidance in the treatment of acute cere?bral infarction. Methods Patients (n=200) with acute cerebral infarction who visited our clinic within 6 hours underwent CTP examination and were divided into two groups:penumbra group and non-penumbra group according to their CTP imag?ing (presence of penumbra or not). Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt- PA) was administrated for intravenous thrombolysis in both groups. NIHSS (The NIH Stroke Scale), BI (Barthel Index), mRS (modified Rankin Scores) and hemor?rhagic transformation events of two groups were determined before and after thrombolysis to evaluate its effect and prognosis in these two group. Results Compared with non penumbra group, NIHSS was reduced in penumbra group from 7 days after rt-PA (6.67±3.46 vs 4.76±2.04), and this decrease became obvious at 4 weeks after rt-PA (6.67±3.46 vs 3.68±1.93). Effi?ciency rate at 4 week (60.3%) and good prognosis rate at 3 months(71.7%)were both significantly improved in penumbra group than those in non penumbra group(34.7%,56.8%). Conclusion rt-PA under CTP guidance is effective and safe in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. The thrombolytic therapy window can be enlarged according to the presence of pen?umbra or not and the bleeding conversion rate remains at low level.
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Air pollution and global warming are increasingly deteriorating. Large amounts of polyamides derived from fossil fuel sources are consumed around the world. Cadaverine is an important building monomer block of bio-based polyamides, thus biotechnological processes for these polymers possess enormous ecological and economical potential. Currently, the engineered strains for biological production of cadaverine are Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. We review here the latest research progress of biosynthesis of cadaverine including metabolism of cadaverine in microorganisms, key enzymes and transport proteins in cadaverine synthesis pathway, optimum pathways and cadaverine yields.