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Objective@#To investigate the effects of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and damage in HK-2 cells.@*Methods@#The HK-2 cells were divided into blank group, emodin group, LPS group, and LPS+emodin group. The emodin group was treated with culture medium containing 0.5 μg/ml emodin, the LPS group was treated with culture medium containing 10 μg/ml LPS, the LPS+emodin group was treated with culture medium containing both 0.5 μg/ml emodin and 10 μg/ml LPS, and the blank group was cultured with fresh medium. Twelve hours later, HK-2 cells from each group were harvested for the analysis. The mRNA levels of oligonucleotide receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in each group were determined by RT-PCR.@*Results@#Compared to the blank group, the mRNA levels of NLRP3 (2.74 ± 0.38 vs. 1.00 ± 0.14), IL-1β (2.40 ± 0.33 vs. 1.00 ± 0.19), and IL-18 (3.00 ± 0.42 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07), NGAL (31.73 ± 3.41 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07), and TNF-α (9.73±1.60 vs. 1.00 ± 0.11) significantly increased by LPS stimulation (P<0.05). Compared to the LPS group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 (1.98 ± 0.24 vs. 2.74 ± 0.39), IL-1β (1.54 ± 0.24 vs. 2.40 ± 0.33), and IL-18 (2.09 ± 0.53 vs. 3.00 ± 0.42), NGAL (16.76 ± 1.72 vs. 31.73 ± 3.41) and TNF-α (9.73 ± 1.60 vs. 4.65 ± 1.09) in HK-2 cells of LPS+emodin group significantly decreased (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The emodin protects HK-2 cells from LPS-induced damage and inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Objective To investigate the effects of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and damage in HK-2 cells. Methods The HK-2 cells were divided into blank group, emodin group, LPS group, and LPS+emodin group. The emodin group was treated with culture medium containing 0.5 μg/ml emodin, the LPS group was treated with culture medium containing 10 μg/ml LPS, the LPS+emodin group was treated with culture medium containing both 0.5 μg/ml emodin and 10 μg/ml LPS, and the blank group was cultured with fresh medium. Twelve hours later, HK-2 cells from each group were harvested for the analysis. The mRNA levels of oligonucleotide receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in each group were determined by RT-PCR. Results Compared to the blank group, the mRNA levels of NLRP3 (2.74 ± 0.38 vs. 1.00 ± 0.14), IL-1β (2.40 ± 0.33 vs. 1.00 ± 0.19), and IL-18 (3.00 ± 0.42 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07), NGAL (31.73 ± 3.41 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07), and TNF-α (9.73±1.60 vs. 1.00 ± 0.11) significantly increased by LPS stimulation (P<0.05). Compared to the LPS group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 (1.98 ± 0.24 vs. 2.74 ± 0.39), IL-1β (1.54 ± 0.24 vs. 2.40 ± 0.33), and IL-18 (2.09 ± 0.53 vs. 3.00 ± 0.42), NGAL (16.76 ± 1.72 vs. 31.73 ± 3.41) and TNF-α (9.73 ± 1.60 vs. 4.65 ± 1.09) in HK-2 cells of LPS+emodin group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions The emodin protects HK-2 cells from LPS-induced damage and inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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OBJECTIVE:To revise the accreditation standards of the national clinical pharmacy key specialty,promote the nor-malization and standardization of clinical pharmacy services and improve the service level of clinical pharmacy in our country. METHODS:Based on JCI international hospital accreditation ideas,suggestions for Clinical Pharmacy State Clinical Key Program Construction Score Standard for trial implementation (900 points) published by former Ministry of Health in 2012,were put for-ward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:For the problems that there were lack of pharmacy service institutional management,process control and quality management standards,some classification programs were not clear,and did not fully reflect the clinical phar-macy service quality and work effect evaluation requirements,corresponding revisions were proposed in terms of basic conditions, information management,clinical pharmacy work management system,etc. The revised standard pays more attention and refines the quality system construction in system,standard,process,quality control,effect evaluation,which can promote the enhance-ment of our clinical pharmacy service levels,normalization and standardization of clinical pharmacy services.
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This paper mainly introduces the design of digital scanning converter (DSC) for medical endoscopic ultrasound imaging. Fast modified vector totational CORDIC (FMVR-CORDIC) arithmetic complete coordinate conversion is used to increase the speed of ultrasonic scanning imaging. FPGA is used as the kernel module to control data transferring, related circuits and relevant chips' working, and to accomplish data preprocessing. With the advantages of simple structure, nice flexibility and convenience, it satisfies the demand for real-time displaying in this system. Finally, the original polar coordinate image is transformed to rectangular coordinate grey image through coordinate transformation. The system performances have been validated by the experimental result.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Analog-Digital Conversion , Capsule Endoscopes , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Methods , Equipment Design , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Ultrasonography , MethodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To probe into the relation between integrated pharmaceutical care and the drug use administration of inpatients with medical insurance.METHODS:The principle and the role of the integrated pharmaceutical care were in?troduced;and the problems in the drug use administration of inpatients with medical insurance were analyzed and some sug?gestions were put forward accordingly.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The key in drug use administration of inpatients with medical insurance is to implement integrated pharmaceutical care in accordance with clinical pharmacy practice program and to keep the medical expenditures under control by means of principles and methods in pharmacoeconomics.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the isolation of lentinan,the average molecular weight of which ranged within400000to600000.METHODS:The fine lentinan was purified by2—diethyllaminoethyl—cellulose anion exchange column chro-matography,which was then isolated by dextran gel G-200column chromatography with the molecular weights determined by high performance gel chromatography.RESULTS:The average molecule weight of the isolated lentinan ranged from400000to600000.CONCLUSION:This method can be used for the isolation of lentinan.