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ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the risk of increase in total cholesterol （TC） and the risk of cholelithiasis by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization （MR）. MethodsThe open gwas public database was used to obtain the single nucleotide polymorphism data associated with TC and cholelithiasis， and a secondary data analysis was performed for all summary data of genome-wide association studies. The genetic loci closely associated with TC or cholelithiasis were selected as exposure or outcome variables， and the bidirectional MR analysis was performed using the methods such as Egger regression， Weighted median， IVW random effects model， and IVW fixed effects model， with odds ratio （OR） values for evaluating the causal relationship between TC and cholelithiasis. ResultsWith TC as the exposure and cholelithiasis as the outcome， TC-cholelithiasis had an overall OR value of 0.91 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.85 — 0.97） before elimination of heterogeneity and 0.93 （95%CI： 0.89 — 0.97） after elimination of heterogeneity. With cholelithiasis as the exposure and TC as the outcome， TC-cholelithiasis had an overall OR value of 0.20 （95%CI： 0.06 — 0.65） before elimination of heterogeneity and 0.28 （95%CI： 0.10 — 0.83） after elimination of heterogeneity. There was a bidirectional causal relationship between genetically predicted TC and cholelithiasis. ConclusionThis study confirms the bidirectional causal relationship between TC and cholelithiasis. The risk of cholelithiasis decreases with the increase in alleles associated with the elevation of TC level； on the contrary， the risk of elevated TC level decreases with the increase in alleles associated with the onset of cholelithiasis.
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Objective To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and newly named "metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)" and the value of HP infection combined with traditional risk factors in predicting MAFLD. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 350 patients who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities and underwent carbon-13 urea breath test from January 2017 to December 2021, and according to whether fatty liver disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound, they were divided into MAFLD group with 190 patients and non-fatty liver disease group with 160 patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for MAFLD. Results Compared with the non-fatty liver disease group, the MAFLD group had significantly higher body mass index ( t =8.73, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure ( Z =-3.67, P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure ( Z =-3.62, P < 0.05), triglyceride ( Z =-8.93, P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose ( Z =-9.13, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z =-2.03, P < 0.05), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( Z =-8.56, P < 0.05), proportion of male patients ( χ 2 =12.09, P < 0.05), and proportion of patients with hypertension ( χ 2 =37.91, P < 0.05), diabetes ( χ 2 =73.62, P < 0.05), overweight/obesity ( χ 2 =42.82, P < 0.05), hypertriglyceridemia ( χ 2 =59.12, P < 0.05), or HP infection ( χ 2 =4.53, P < 0.05), as well as a significantly lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z =-6.81, P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.255, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.091-1.445, P < 0.05), HP infection ( OR =1.899, 95% CI : 1.048-3.440, P < 0.05), hypertension ( OR =2.589, 95% CI : 1.468-4.567, P < 0.05), diabetes ( OR =2.202, 95% CI : 1.123-4.315, P < 0.05), overweight/obesity ( OR =4.571, 95% CI : 2.308-9.052, P < 0.05), and hypertriglyceridemia ( OR =4.187, 95% CI : 2.411-7.271, P < 0.05) were risk factors for MAFLD, and it also showed that HP infection combined with traditional risk factors significantly increased the risk of MAFLD in subjects with diabetes, overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension ( OR =12.267, 14.005, 7.911, and 7.364, all P < 0.05). Conclusion HP infection is associated with an increased risk of MAFLD, and its combination with traditional risk factors may further increase the risk of MAFLD.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between left-behind experience, sleep quality and depression in college students and to provide a scientific reference for improving mental health of college students.@*Methods@#The stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate depression and related factors among undergraduates at two universities in Qiqihar City from November to December 2018, and the effects of left-behind experience and sleep quality on depression were analyzed.@*Results@#Depression detection rate of college students in Qiqihar City was 30.62%, there was no difference in the detection rate of depression among college students of different sex( χ 2=3.15, P >0.05), depression detection rate of college students from rural area was higher than in urban students, non-only child higher than onlychild( χ 2=8.61, 8.98, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that left-behind mode, left-behind age, type of stay-at-home, frequency of contact with parents during stay, and sleep quality were associated with depression( OR =0.28-6.00, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Depression of college students is associated with previous left-behind experiences and sleep quality.
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Liver injury caused by various reasons can lead to the occurrence of liver fibrosis,which is the pathological process from chronic liver disease to liver cirrhosis.Liver fibrosis is caused by the increased synthesis and reduced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM).ECM is mainly degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP),and therefore,MMP play an important role in the progression and.diagnosis/treatment of liver fibrosis.This article reviews the research advances in the association between MMP and liver fibrosis.
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Background It has been demonstrated that αvβ3/αvβ5 and α5β1 integrins are overexpressed in neovascular tissue.Consequently,peptide containing the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence,which exists in ligands of integrins,is effective in targeting therapeutic reagents to neovascular endothelium.ObjectivePresent study aims to investigate the antiangiogenetive effects of liposome mediated plasmid encoding endostatin with RGD sequence on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) in rabbits.MethodsCNV models induced by alkali burn were established in 72 eyes of 36 New Zealand white rabbits by putting the filter paper with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 20 seconds.The animal models were divided into four groups randomly.0.2mL of liposome and plasmid encoding RGD-ES complex (liposome mediated pCI-RGD-ES injection group),liposome and plasmid encoding ES complex (pCI-ES injection group),liposome and carrier plasmid (pCI) complex (pCI-ES injection group),and PBS were subconjunctivally injected respectively in the models from four groups twice a week for two weeks.The growth status of CNV was observed on day 1,3,7,14 after alkali burn under the slim lamp microscope.Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 3rd,7th and 14th day and the expression of VEGF in CNV was detected by immunohistochemistry.The number of corneal microvessels was counted based on the number of CNV cross-section under the light microscope.ResultsCNV area was significantly smaller in liposome mediated pCI-RGD-ES injection group and pCI-ES injection group compared with PBS group at different time points (P＜0.01),but no significant difference was seen in CNV area between pCI-ES injection group and PBS group at different time points (P＞0.01).The changes of number of corneal microvessels was followed a similar fashion as the change of CNV area.Expression of VEGF in cornea was obviously stronger in pCI-ES injection group and PBS group than liposome mediated pCI-RGD-ES injection group and pCI-ES injection group.ConclusionEndostatin with RGD sequence could effectively inhibit corneal neovascularization,and liposome is proved to be a potent carrier in gene transfer.
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Objective To evaluate the current status of intestinal nematode infection in Shanghai and make recommendations for further control activities Methods Retrospective review of the control program was made based on the change of nematode prevalence in Shanghai area since the 1950s, and challenges under the current situation were analysed. Results The intervention measures included chemotherapy, health education, sanitary disposal of human excreta and safe water supply. With the control strategy, socio\|economical development and the change of farming patterns, the prevalence of intestinal nematode infection in population was reduced by 88^5%, from 62^6% in 1955 to 8^2% in 2000. Among them, ascaris infection decreased by 89^0%, from 52^1% to 6^3%, hookworm infection decreased by 99^0%, from 12^9% to 0^1%, but pinworm infection was still as high as 18^9% in 1999. Conclusion Prevalence of nematode infection in Shanghai was considerably reduced. To match it with the current socio\|economical development in the Municipality, however, more needs to be done. Sustainable control activities and surveillance are recommended.