ABSTRACT
The most serious problem facing the implantation of vascular graft in the body is the formation of blood clots. In order to solve this problem, various attempts have been made by the scientific community for many years. However, endothelialization is the fundamental method to solve thrombosis and keep vascular graft open for a long time. Poly （ε-caprolactone） (PCL) has the advantages of biodegradability, low cost and good mechanical properties. In recent years, it has been widely used as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug deliverys and so on. This article mainly reviews the endothelialization of small-caliber vascular graft based on PCL after implanted in different animal models, as well as the endothelialization of the same animal model but under different implantation conditions, and trying to find the reasons why small-caliber vascular grafts are still not ideal in clinical applications at different angles such as the different animal models and the different way about endothelialization, and provide references for future animal model selection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the high-fat diet effect on morphology and stiffness of endothelial cells. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet group (AS group, n=3) and control group (CON group, n=3). Rat aortic endothelial cells were obtained from rat thoracic aorta by explant method. Cell morphology was observed under inverted microscopy. The mean fluorescent intensity of F-actin in two groups was calculated by immunofluorescence staining. Cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results The endothelial cells migrated from tissue plant on the 7th day and formed confluence after cultivation for 14 days. Endothelial cells were identified by factor Ⅷ immunofluorescence staining. Cells in AS group showed enhanced perimeter (P＜0.01), aspect ratio (P＜0.01), and area (P＞0.05), while less circularity (P＜0.01) compared with the cells in control group. The mean fluorescence intensity of F-actin in AS group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.01). AFM showed that the cell stiffness of AS group was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.01). Conclusions High-fat diet would change the morphology and stiffness of endothelial cells, which might subsequently affect their normal function and become an important incentive to AS.
ABSTRACT
Vascular endothelial cell glycocalyx is a layer of glycoprotein complex located on the surface of endothelial cells, forming a selective permeation barrier on the surface of endothelial cells. In the present review, after a brief introduction of glycocalyx, the relationship between glycocalyx and mass transport under fluid sheer stress (FSS), especially the relationship between glycocalyx and macromolecules such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been discussed. This relationship was reflected as following: on the one hand, the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx affects the concentration polarization of LDL and its transendothelial transport and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) participates in the whole process of residual lipoproteins metabolism. On the other hand, ox-LDL, an oxidized product of LDL, destroys heparan sulfate (HS) which is a major component of the endothelial cell glycocalyx. The study on relationship between vascular endothelial glycocalyx and lipoproteins will provide a new clue to elucidate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide more evidence to view the glycocalyx as a new control target.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to look for the potential application of human umbilical plasma (HUP) in the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effect of HUP concentration in cell culture medium on cell proliferation activity and cell cycle was studied. HUVECs were obtained by digesting the umbilical cord with 0.25% trypsin mixed with the equal volume of 0.1% collagenase II, then were identified by morphology and factor VIII immunohistochemistry under phase contrast microscopy. The cells cultured after 7 days showed the typical cobblestone morphology with factor VIII immunohistochemical staining positive. The study showed that the groups of 20% (HUP), 15% HUP+20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 20% HUP+20%FBS enhanced cell proliferation activity significantly when compared with the control group (20% FBS without HUP). On the contrary, 30% HUP+20% FBS caused cell cycle arrest, which significantly hindered the proliferation of HUVECs. The study proved that although HUP might not be able to completely replace the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in cell culture, as a supplement ingredient, it was an ideal candidate to replace FBS in culture medium.