ABSTRACT
Objective To study the changes of micro structure of white matter and gray matter in alcohol dependent patients by using diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI) based on the method of voxel-based analysis.Methods Thirty alcohol dependent individuals and twenty healthy control volunteers,matched in gender, age, handedness and education, were enrolled as the alcohol dependent group and control group from September 2016 to June 2017.Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST)was done for all subjects.All the subjects underwent DKI data acquisition by MR scanning. The relevant parameters were obtained by DKE software, including fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity(AD), radial diffusivity(RD), mean kurtosis(MK), axial kurtosis(AK), radial kurtosis(RK), FA of kurtosis(FAK). Independent sample t test was performed to evaluate the significant difference of DKI parameters of two groups,meanwhile,the correlation analysis was conducted in DKI parameter values of different brain regions and MAST scores. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the FA value, MK value and RK value were decreased while the RD value was increased in alcohol dependence group, and there was significant difference between the two groups respectively(P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the other parameters (AD, MD, AK, FAK). Compared with the healthy control group,the FA values of left lingual gyrus(164 voxels,t=-5.582)and left hippocampus(38 voxels,t=-3.664) increased;the MK value of left cerebellum posterior lobe(71 voxels,t=-4.004)reduced;the RK value of left cerebellum posterior lobe(67 voxels, t=-4.174), left middle cingulum(32 voxels, t=-3.925), left superior parietal gyrus(36 voxels,t=-3.812)reduced;and the RD value of the left inferior parietal gyrus(31 voxels,t=3.731)increased in alcohol dependence group.There was no correlation between MAST score and the value of DKI parameters. Conclusions There are dominant areas of brain injury in patients with alcohol dependence. The DKI parameters can reflect the changes of the whole brain microstructure of alcohol dependent patients and provide imaging basis in the diagnosis of alcohol dependence.
ABSTRACT
Bilateral Wilms'tumor (BWT) affects approximately 5% of children with WT. The goal of treatment in BWT is to preserve normal renal function as much as possible, in order to postpone and reduce the risk of end-stage renal disease and other long-term complications. For neoadjuvant chemotherapy, vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin is used in cases with favorable histology. Cases with diffuse anaplasia or other unfavorable histology receive an intensified regimen, including additional agents such as ifosfamide, cy-clophosphamide, carboplatin, and others. Nephron-sparing surgery is performed to preserve long-term renal function. Radiotherapy is given according to local staging, when margins or lymph nodes are positive, or tumor spillage has occurred, or pathological type is ana-plasia. The survival rate of relapsed BWT is low. Some experts suggest that patients with recurrent BWT are most likely to benefit from high-dose therapy including stem-cell transplantation, but this remains controversial.
ABSTRACT
Chronic alcohol dependence is an addictive disorder,which is characterized by the excessive craving and uncontrollable drinking.It seriously endangers the patients' psychological and physical health.Recently,MRI has been widely used in the research of substance addiction,especially the alcohol dependence and has made a great progress.It has a great impact on the early prevention,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of the disease.The progresses of structural and functional MRI in chronic alcohol dependence were reviewed in this article.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) preconditioning on the PC12 cell apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.Methods PC12 cells were seeded in 96-well plates and randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 each):control group (group C),cell injury group (group Ⅰ) and preconditioning with different concentrations of ALC groups (groups A1-3 ).In group C,the cells were incubated with DMEM liquid culture medium containing glucose 0.5 g/L for 3 h.In groups Ⅰ and A1-3 the cells were incubated with DMEM liquid culture medium containing sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) 3 mmol/L and glucose 0.5 g/L for 3 h,and in addition the cells were pre-incubated with ALC 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 mmol/L for 24 h in groups A1-3 respectively.Cell viability was evaluated by MTF assay,while the apoptosis in cells was detected using TUNEL.The activities of ATPase and SOD and MDA content were also detected.Results Oxygen-glucose deprivation significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and the content of MDA,and decreased the cell viability and activities of SOD and ATPase in group Ⅰ compared with group C ( P ＜ 0.05).Preconditioning with ALC significantly increased the cell viability and the activities of SOD and ATPaes,and decreased the number of apoptotic cells and the content of MDA in groups A1-3 compared with group Ⅰ ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ALC preconditioning can attenuate PC12 cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation through inhibition of apoptosis in cells.