Effect of "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to-"Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion on the expression of Fas/FADD/Caspase-8 of death receptor pathway in rats with primary ovarian insufficiency / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to-"Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion on the ovarian function in the rats with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and the potential effect mechanism based on the Fas/FADD/Caspase-8 of death receptor pathway.@*METHODS@#Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. Except in the blank group, the rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide to establish the POI model. In the acupuncture group, after successful modeling, the intervention was given with "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to- "Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion, once daily, 30 min in each intervention; and the duration of intervention was 4 weeks. In the medication group, estradiol valerate tablets were administered intragastrically, 0.09 mg•kg-1•d-1, for 4 weeks. The general situation and the estrous cycle of the rats were compared among groups. Using ELISA, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) in the serum were detected. HE staining was adopted to observe the morphological changes of ovarian tissue of rats. The protein expression of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 in ovarian tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, except the rats of the blank group, the rats of the other groups had dry fur, lost hair, low spirits, reduced food intake, increased urination and loose stool. After intervention, the stool became regular gradually in the acupuncture group and the medication group. The percentage of estrous cycle disturbance was increased in the rats of the model group when compared with the blank group (P<0.01); in comparison with the model group, the percentages of estrous cycle disturbance were reduced in the acupuncture group and the medication group after intervention (P<0.01). When compared with the blank group, the body mass and E2 content in the serum were lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH in the serum and the protein expression levels of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the body mass and E2 contents in the serum were higher (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH in the serum and the protein expression levels of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group.@*CONCLUSION@#"Zhibian" (BL 54)-to-"Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion can effectively improve the ovarian function of POI rats, and its effect mechanism may be related to regulating the serum sex hormone levels, reducing the expression of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 in ovarian tissue and retarding apoptosis of ovarian cells.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B combined with metabolic-related fatty liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To compare the clinical and pathological features of children with chronic viral hepatitis B combined with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (CHB-MAFLD) and chronic viral hepatitis B alone (CHB alone), and to further explore the effect of MAFLD on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in CHB. Methods: 701 initially treated CHB children confirmed by liver biopsy admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were collected continuously. They were divided into CHB-MAFLD and CHB-alone groups according to whether they were combined with MAFLD. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. CHB-MAFLD was used as the case group, and 1:2 propensity score matching was performed with the CHB alone group according to age and gender, including 56 cases in the CHB-MAFLD group and 112 cases in the CHB alone group. The body mass index (BMI), metabolic complications, laboratory indicators, and pathological characteristics of liver tissue were compared between the two groups. The related factors affecting liver disease progression in CHB were analyzed by a binary logistic regression model. The measurement data between groups were compared using the t-test and rank sum test. The χ (2) test was used for the comparison of categorical data between groups. Results: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.032) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.003) levels were lower in the CHB-MAFLD group than those in the CHB alone group, while BMI (P < 0.001), triglyceride (TG, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.016) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001) were higher in the CHB alone group. There were no statistically significant differences in HBsAg quantification or HBV DNA load between the two groups (P > 0.05). Histologically, the proportion of significant liver fibrosis (S2-S4) was higher in the CHB-MAFLD group than that in the CHB alone group (67.9% vs. 49.1%, χ (2) = 5.311, P = 0.021). Multivariate regression results showed that BMI (OR = 1.258, 95% CI: 1.145 ~ 1.381, P = 0.001) and TG (OR = 12.334, 95% CI: 3.973 ~ 38.286, P < 0.001) were the risk factors for hepatic steatosis occurrence in children with CHB. MAFLD (OR = 4.104, 95% CI: 1.703 ~ 9.889, P = 0.002), liver inflammation (OR = 3.557, 95% CI: 1.553 ~ 8.144, P = 0.003), and γ-glutamyl transferase (OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.038, P = 0.038) were independent risk factors for significant hepatic fibrosis in children with CH. Conclusion: MAFLD occurrence is related to metabolic factors in children with CHB. Additionally, the combination of MAFLD may promote liver fibrosis progression in CHB patients.

Intrahepatic and extrahepatic clinical manifestations and treatment progress for hepatitis type E / 中华肝脏病杂志

Hepatitis type E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis globally and has thus gained attention as a public health issue. The diverse clinical manifestations of hepatitis type E are typically acute and self-limiting with mild symptoms, but populations with underlying liver disease or immunocompromised patients can have severe and chronic symptoms. Severity and chronicity can arise and manifest as fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, or even hepatic failure. HEV infection-induced hepatic failure (acute-on-chronic liver failure), based on the different backgrounds of chronic liver disease, is a clinical phenotype of severe HEV infection that requires attention. In addition, HEV infection can exhibit extrahepatic clinical manifestations of multi-system and organ involvement like neurological diseases (Guillain-Barré syndrome), renal diseases (membranous/membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemia), and blood diseases (thrombocytopenia). At home or abroad, there are no antiviral drugs approved, particularly for HE treatment. Since most acute HE can resolve spontaneously, no special treatment is required clinically. However, in patients with severe or chronic HE, ribavirin (RBV) monotherapy and/or pegylated interferon-combination therapy have achieved certain antiviral effects. Combined small-molecule drugs and RBV have been attempted to treat HEV, but high-level evidence-based treatment is still lacking. Thus, new, highly effective anti-HEV drugs are clinical priorities to address these concerns. Severe and chronic HEV infections' clinical phenotype, early detection, mechanism, intervention, and outcome need additional study.

Application of tissue culture technology of medicinal plants in sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicinal resources are the cornerstone of the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. However, due to the fecundity of species, over-exploitation, and limitations of artificial cultivation, some medicinal plants are depleted and even endangered. Tissue culture, a breakthrough technology in the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, is not limited by time and space, and can allow the production on an annual basis, which plays an important role in the protection of Chinese medicinal resources. The present study reviewed the applications of tissue culture of medicinal plants in the field of Chinese medicinal resources, including rapid propagation of medicinal plant seedlings, breeding of novel high-yield and high-quality cultivars, construction of a genetic transformation system, and production of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the current challenges and suggestions for the future development of this field were also proposed.

MicroRNA-22-3p Regulates the Expression of Kruppel-like Factor 6 to Affect the Cardiomyocyte-like Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the effect of microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) regulating the expression of Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) on the cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC). Methods Rat BMSC was isolated and cultured,and the third-generation BMSC was divided into a control group,a 5-azacytidine(5-AZA)group,a mimics-NC group,a miR-22-3p mimics group,a miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA group,and a miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA-KLF6 group.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine the expression of miR-22-3p and KLF6 in cells.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the expression of Desmin,cardiac troponin T (cTnT),and connexin 43 (Cx43).Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of cTnT,Cx43,Desmin,and KLF6,and flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis of BMSC.The targeting relationship between miR-22-3p and KLF6 was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results Compared with the control group,5-AZA up-regulated the expression of miR-22-3p (q=7.971,P<0.001),Desmin (q=7.876,P<0.001),cTnT (q=10.272,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=6.256,P<0.001),increased the apoptosis rate of BMSC (q=12.708,P<0.001),and down-regulated the mRNA (q=20.850,P<0.001) and protein (q=11.080,P<0.001) levels of KLF6.Compared with the 5-AZA group and the mimics-NC group,miR-22-3p mimics up-regulated the expression of miR-22-3p (q=3.591,P<0.001;q=11.650,P<0.001),Desmin (q=5.975,P<0.001;q=13.579,P<0.001),cTnT (q=7.133,P<0.001;q=17.548,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=4.571,P=0.037;q=11.068,P<0.001),and down-regulated the mRNA (q=7.384,P<0.001;q=28.234,P<0.001) and protein (q=4.594,P=0.036;q=15.945,P<0.001) levels of KLF6.The apoptosis rate of miR-22-3p mimics group was lower than that of 5-AZA group (q=8.216,P<0.001).Compared with the miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA group,miR-22-3p mimics+pcDNA-KLF6 up-regulated the mRNA(q=23.891,P<0.001) and protein(q=13.378,P<0.001)levels of KLF6,down-regulated the expression of Desmin (q=9.505,P<0.001),cTnT (q=10.985,P<0.001),and Cx43 (q=8.301,P<0.001),and increased the apoptosis rate (q=4.713,P=0.029).The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment demonstrated that KLF6 was a potential target gene of miR-22-3p. Conclusion MiR-22-3p promotes cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of BMSC by inhibiting the expression of KLF6.

On-Site Assessment of a Cryogenic Disinfectant for the Alpine Environment and Outer Packaging of Frozen Items / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effectiveness and feasibility of cryogenic disinfectants in different cold scenarios and analyze the key points of on-site cryogenic disinfection.@*METHODS@#Qingdao and Suifenhe were selected as application sites for the manual or mechanical spraying of cryogenic disinfectants. The same amount of disinfectant (3,000 mg/L) was applied on cold chain food packaging, cold chain containers, transport vehicles, alpine environments, and article surfaces. The killing log value of the cryogenic disinfectant against the indicator microorganisms ( Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was used to evaluate the on-site disinfection effect.@*RESULTS@#When using 3,000 mg/L with an action time of 10 min on the ground in alpine regions, the surface of frozen items, cold-chain containers, and cold chain food packaging in supermarkets, all external surfaces were successfully disinfected, with a pass rate of 100%. The disinfection pass rates for cold chain food packaging and cold chain transport vehicles of centralized supervised warehouses and food processing enterprises were 12.5% (15/120), 81.67% (49/60), and 93.33% (14/15), respectively; yet, the surfaces were not fully sprayed.@*CONCLUSION@#Cryogenic disinfectants are effective in disinfecting alpine environments and the outer packaging of frozen items. The application of cryogenic disinfectants should be regulated to ensure that they cover all surfaces of the disinfected object, thus ensuring effective cryogenic disinfection.

Effects and mechanism of p53 gene deletion on energy metabolism during the pluripotent transformation of spermatogonial stem cells / 生理学报

Previous studies have shown that long-term spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the potential to spontaneously transform into pluripotent stem cells, which is speculated to be related to the tumorigenesis of testicular germ cells, especially when p53 is deficient in SSCs which shows a significant increase in the spontaneous transformation efficiency. Energy metabolism has been proved to be strongly associated with the maintenance and acquisition of pluripotency. Recently, we compared the difference in chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles between wild-type (p53+/+) and p53 deficient (p53-/-) mouse SSCs using the Assay for Targeting Accessible-Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques, and revealed that SMAD3 is a key transcription factor in the transformation of SSCs into pluripotent cells. In addition, we also observed significant changes in the expression levels of many genes related to energy metabolism after p53 deletion. To further reveal the role of p53 in the regulation of pluripotency and energy metabolism, this paper explored the effects and mechanism of p53 deletion on energy metabolism during the pluripotent transformation of SSCs. The results of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq from p53+/+ and p53-/- SSCs revealed that gene chromatin accessibility related to positive regulation of glycolysis and electron transfer and ATP synthesis was increased, and the transcription levels of genes encoding key glycolytic enzymes and regulating electron transport-related enzymes were markedly increased. Furthermore, transcription factors SMAD3 and SMAD4 promoted glycolysis and energy homeostasis by binding to the chromatin of the Prkag2 gene which encodes the AMPK subunit. These results suggest that p53 deficiency activates the key enzyme genes of glycolysis in SSCs and enhances the chromatin accessibility of genes associated with glycolysis activation to improve glycolysis activity and promote transformation to pluripotency. Moreover, SMAD3/SMAD4-mediated transcription of the Prkag2 gene ensures the energy demand of cells in the process of pluripotency transformation and maintains cell energy homeostasis by promoting AMPK activity. These results shed light on the importance of the crosstalk between energy metabolism and stem cell pluripotency transformation, which might be helpful for clinical research of gonadal tumors.

DUS testing guidelines for new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

A rich diversity of wild medicinal plant resources is distributed in China, but the breeding of new plant varieties of Chinese medicinal plants started late and the breeding level is relatively weak. Chinese medicinal plant resources are the foundation for new varieties breeding, and the plant variety rights(PVP) are of great significance for the protection and development of germplasm resources. However, most Chinese medicinal plants do not have a distinctness, uniformity, and stability(DUS) testing guideline. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has put 191 plant species(genera) on protection lists, of which only 30 are medicinal species(genera). At the same time, only 29 of 293 species(genera) plants in the Protection List of New Plant Varieties of the People's Republic of China(Forest and Grass) belong to Chinese medicinal plants. The number of PVP applications and authorization of Chinese medicinal plants is rare, and the composition of variety is unreasonable. Up to now, 29 species(genera) of DUS test guidelines for Chinese medicinal plants have been developed. Some basic problems in the breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants have appeared, such as the small number of new varieties and insufficient utilization of Chinese medicinal plant resources. This paper reviewed the current situation of breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants and the research progress of DUS test guidelines in China and discussed the application of biotechnology in the field of Chinese medicinal plant breeding and the existing problems in DUS testing. This paper guides the further application of DUS to protect and utilize the germplasm resources of Chinese medicinal plants.

Effect and Mechanism of Cxcr4 Gene-Modified BMSC-Derived Exosomes on Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the improvement effect of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (Cxcr4) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes on aplastic anemia (AA), and make a preliminary exploration of the mechanism.@*METHODS@#Mouse BMSCs were isolated and cultured, then infected by recombinant lentivirus carrying Cxcr4 gene. The expression of green fluorescence was observed through fluorescence microscope, the expression of Cxcr4 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the BMSC-derived exosomes modified with Cxcr4 gene were extracted. Mouse models of AA were constructed, and control group, model group (AA), AA+BMSC group, AA+NC-BMSC group, AA+Cxcr4-BMSC group were set up. Except control group and model group, the other three groups of mice were injected 400 μl exosomes from different sources via the tail vein, after 2 weeks, the routine blood indices and the number of bone marrow nucleated cells were detected, the pathological changes of bone marrow were observed by HE staining, and the expression level of Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Mouse BMSCs were successfully isolated, and BMSCs with high expression of Cxcr4 and their exosomes were obtained. Compared with the control group, the number of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet (PLT), the hemoglobin (Hb) content and proportion of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of mice in the model group significantly decreased (P<0.01), as well as the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (P<0.01). The proliferation level of nucleated cells was low, and the medullary cavity was filled with a large number of fat cells. Compared with the model group, the number of RBC, WBC, PLT, the Hb content and proportion of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of mice in the AA+BMSC group, AA+NC-BMSC group, and AA+Cxcr4-BMSC group significantly increased (P<0.01), as well as the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (P<0.01), and pathological changes of bone marrow were improved. In addition, the number of RBC, WBC, PLT, the Hb content and proportion of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of mice in the AA+Cxcr4-BMSC group were significantly higher than those in the AA+BMSC group (P<0.01), as well as the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Injection of Cxcr4 gene-modified BMSC-derived exosomes has a certain improvement effect on AA mice, and the mechanism may be related to an increase of the proportion of Treg cells.

Effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on the expression of 5-HT and cortisol in the serum, and MR and GR in the hippocampus in rats with hypothyroidism complicated with depression / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on behavior, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and cortisol in the serum, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hippocampus in rats with hypothyroidism complicated with depression, and to explore the possible mechanism of wheat-grain moxibustion on improving depression in rats with hypothyroidism.@*METHODS@#A total of 32 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a medication group and a wheat-grain moxibustion group, 8 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were treated with intragastric administration of 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) suspension at 1 mL/100 g, once a day for 4 weeks to establish the rat model of hypothyroidism, and whether the rats were accompanied with depression-like behavior determined through behavioristics evaluation. The rats in the medication group were intervened with euthyrox at 0.9 mL/100 g, once a day, for 4 weeks; the rats in the wheat-grain moxibustion group were treated with wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Mingmen" (GV 4), "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Pishu" (BL 20), 7 cones each acupoint, once a day, six times a week for 4 weeks. After the intervention, the depression status was observed by behavioristics test; the contents of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), 5-HT and cortisol in the serum were detected by ELISA; the protein expressions of MR and GR in hippocampus were detected by Western blot; the expressions of MR mRNA and GR mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by real-time PCR.@*RESULTS@#Before the intervention, compared with the blank group, the scores of open field test (OFT) were decreased and the immobility time of tail suspension test (TST) was prolonged (P<0.05); the serum TSH contents were increased and TT4 contents were decreased (P<0.01) in the other three groups. After the intervention, compared with the model group, the vertical score of OFT was increased and the immobility time of forced swimming test (FST) was prolonged in the medication group (P<0.05), while the scores of three items of OFT were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the immobility time of FST and TST was shortened in the wheat-grain moxibustion group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the immobility time of TST and FST in the wheat-grain moxibustion group was shorter (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the contents of serum TSH and cortisol were increased (P<0.01, P<0.001), while the contents of serum TT4 and 5-HT were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.001). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum TT4 and 5-HT were increased, while the contents of serum TSH and cortisol were decreased in the medication group and wheat-grain moxibustion group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the protein and mRNA expression of MR, GR in the hippocampus in the model group was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001); compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expression of MR in the hippocampus in the medication group were increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of MR, GR and mRNA expression of MR in the hippocampus in the wheat-grain moxibustion group were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the medication group, the expression of MR mRNA in the wheat-grain moxibustion group was increased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Wheat-grain moxibustion could significantly improve thyroid function and depression in rats with hypothyroidism. Its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the protein and mRNA expression of MR and GR in the hippocampus, and then affecting the expression of serum cortisol and 5-HT.

Immunogenicity of Whole / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objectives@#To evaluate the immunogenicity of @*Methods@#Protein extracts from @*Results@#Immunization with @*Conclusion@#This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of

Effects of ecological factors on shape and ginsenoside of Panax ginseng / 中国中药杂志

The ecological environment is closely related to the growth and quality of authentic medicinal materials. Ginseng is very strict with its natural environment and grows mostly in the damp valleys of forests, and the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng under different growth environments are very different. This article reviews the effects of different ecological factors(including light, temperature, altitude, moisture, soil factors, etc.)on the appearance and chemical composition(mainly ginsenosides) of ginseng. Through systematic review, it is found that soil physical factors are the most important ecological factors that affect the appea-rance of ginseng, and soil bulk density plays a key role; temperature affects ginsenosides in ginseng medicinal materials The dominant ecological factors for the accumulation of chemical ingredents; strong light, high altitude, high soil moisture, low soil nutrient and strong acid soil can influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in ginseng. Environmental stress can also stimulate the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Appropriate low temperature stress, high or low water stress, acid or alkali stress can also promote the accumulation of ginsenosides. This article systematically reviews the ecological factors that affect the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng, and clarifies the dominant ecological factors and limiting factors for the formation of ginseng's appearance and quality, as well as beneficial environmental stress factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for ginseng ecological planting and ginseng quality improvement.

Research strategies for endophytes in medicinal plants based on high-throughput sequencing and traditional culture and isolation methods / 中国中药杂志

The research on endophytes of medicinal plants mainly relies on the traditional culture and isolation methods. Because of their functions such as promoting host growth, improving stress resistance, promoting the accumulation of medicinal active ingredients or directly producing medicinal active ingredients, the endophytes of medicinal plants have gradually attracted wide attention. However, it was found that the strains isolated by traditional methods were not the true dominant endophytes of medicinal plants by comparing the results of traditional culture isolation with high-throughput sequencing. The blind and random nature of traditional methods leads to the lack of standards in terms of medium selection, culture time and interaction between species. On the contrary, high-throughput sequencing technology is an emerging molecular biology technology developed in recent decades. Due to its high resolution level and indepen-dent culture, it can be used for thorough analysis of the community structure and diversity of environmental microorganisms. Therefore, we proposed the strategy of using high-throughput sequencing technology to guide the traditional culture and isolation of endophytes from medicinal plants. Firstly, the endophytic structure and diversity of medicinal plants were completely clear by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the dominant endophytes of the host were unequivocal. Then according to the characteristics of each dominant endophytes design or query suitable medium for its growth to culture and isolation. Finally, the function of the isolates was studied. This method can prevent researchers from missing out on the important functional strains of the host, expand the research scope of endophytes of medicinal plants, and facilitate the in-depth excavation and utilization of endophytes of medicinal plants.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of safety of Sanfu acupoint herbal patching in randomized controlled trial / 中国中药杂志

In order to systematically evaluate the safety of Sanfu acupoint herbal patching, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Medline, EMbase, and Cochrane Library were searched in accordance with PICOS principles, with a time limit from database establishment to December 2019. Meta-analysis was used for a single-group rate analysis and a weighted combination of these two groups on rates of adverse reactions. A total of 9 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis, involving 2 119 patients. The single-group rate Meta-analysis showed that the adverse reactions incidence was 9% in the treatment group(OR=0.10,95%CI[0.06, 0.19], P<0.000 01), and 9% in the control group(OR=0.10, 95%CI[0.07, 0.13], P<0.000 01). In combined statistics of all samples OR=1.81, 95%CI[1.04, 3.15], P=0.04, the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was slightly higher than that of the control group. In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of adverse reactions in terms of both single-group rate and weighed rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group in the asthma subgroup, rhinitis subgroup, ≥18 years old subgroup, and application time 2 h subgroup, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The results of the Meta-analysis and systematic review suggested that the incidence of adverse reactions in clinical use of the Sanfu acupoints herbal patching was relatively low. The main types of adverse reactions were skin ulcers, blisters and other skin symptoms. The symptoms were relatively mild, which could be relieved by drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment. It shows that the safety of the Sanfu acupoint herbal patching was relatively high, and the occurrence of adverse reactions was related to the original disease and age, mainly in asthma and rhinitis or patients over 40 years old. Affected by clinical heterogeneity, the conclusions of the application time subgroup need to be further improved.

Clinical Study on Calcitriol Combined with Sirolimus in the Treatment of Chronic Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of calcitriol combined with sirolimus in the treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 146 adult cITP patients reated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2017 to March 2020 were randomly divided into observation group (73 cases) and control group (73 cases) according to random number table. The control group was treated with oral sirolimus capsule, the observation group was treated with oral calcitriol capsule combined with sirolimus capsule, and the curative effect of the 2 groups was evaluated after continuous treatment for 6 weeks. The changes of World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding grade, laboratory related index, including peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Treg), serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of the observation group was 79.5% (58/73), which was significantly higher than 64.4% (47/73) of the control group (P<0.05). The revised WHO bleeding grades after treatment were significantly better than those before treatment in the 2 groups (P<0.05), but the observation group was improved more significantly than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, platelet count (PLT), peripheral blood Treg cell ratio, and serum 1,25(OH)@*CONCLUSION@#The overall efficacy of calcitriol combined with sirolimus in the treatment of cITP in adults is satisfactory, which can effectively alleviate patient's condition, improve the quality of life, further increase the platelet level and decrease the expression of VDR in peripheral blood lymphocyte, the mechanism may be related to increasing the level of serum 1,25(OH)

Molecular Identification of 22 Species of Lauraceae by DNA Barcoding / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:DNA barcodes suitable for Lauraceae plants were screened，and 22 Lauraceae plants were identified and classified. Method:The DNA of 22 species of Lauraceae was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction（PCR） with different DNA barcoding primers，followed by electrophoresis and sequencing. Codon Code Aligner was used to proofread，splice， and remove the forward and reverse primer sequences. The sequence was imported into DNAMAN for multiple sequence alignment，and the base mutation sites were analyzed. The Kimura 2-Parameter（K2P） distance of different plants was calculated by MEGA，and the variation degree was analyzed according to the genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the adjacency method. Result:Three pairs of DNA barcoding primers were used to amplify and sequence the DNA of 22 species of Lauraceae，and 20 species were identified by comparing the specific base sites of gene sequences<bold>.</bold> Conclusion:Four <italic>Litsea</italic> plants could be identified by <italic>matK</italic>， three <italic>Phoebe</italic> plants except for<italic> Cinnamomum validinerve </italic>by<italic> rbcL</italic>， and 20 Lauraceae plants by the combination of<italic> matK</italic>， <italic>rbcL</italic>， and <italic>rpoB</italic>，which provided a theoretical basis for the identification and development of Lauraceae plants. Among them，<italic>matK</italic> was predominant in the identification of Lauraceae plants，and the results also showed that the combination of sequences for plant identification could achieve a better result in DNA barcoding. This study investigated the genetic relationship between Lauraceae plants at the molecular level，aiming at providing a basis for the investigation，cultivation，development，protection， and utilization of medicinal plant resources.

Selection and Validation of Appropriate Reference Genes of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum cassia var. macrophyllum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To screen out stable internal reference genes suitable for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） analysis of different parts of<italic> Cinnamomum cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic>，in order to provide stable internal reference genes for gene expression analysis of three different parts of and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var.<italic> macrophyllum</italic> branches and leaves. Method:With 6 different tissues and organs， such as bark，branches and leaves of two plants of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> as experimental materials，Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the five internal reference genes， namely glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase（GAPDH），actin，ubiquitin-ligase enzymes（UBE），histone and tubin（TUB）. The analysis of the expression of the data. Furthermore， three commonly used internal reference gene analysis software，namely geNorm，NormFinder and BestKeeper，was used to analyze and evaluate the stability of the candidate internal reference gene. Result:The internal five reference genes were expressed in the bark，branches and leaves of the two plants，but with differences in stability. Comprehensive analysis showed that the expression stability of candidate internal reference genes was in the order of GAPDH>actin>UBE>histone>TUB. The internal reference genes of the two plants were analyzed separately，and the optimal internal reference gene was still GAPDH，indicating that GAPDH was the most suitable internal reference gene. TUB and histone ranked low in the three software，and should be eliminated in the screening of reference genes. They were not suitable for gene expression analysis of <italic>C. cassia </italic>and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic>. Conclusion:The most suitable internal reference gene for different parts of cinnamon，branches，and leaves of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> was GAPDH. In this study，a screening system for internal reference genes of Real-time PCR of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> was established to provide theoretical basis for studying functional regulation and expression of genes during the accumulation of effective components in different parts.

Research progress and prospect of endophytes from medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea / 中国中药杂志

The endophytes of medicinal plants play an important role in promoting the quality formation of the host. Therefore, this paper made a review of endophytes of medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea. According to previous studies, A. lancea boasts endophytes, such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, among which the beneficial microorganisms help the growth and development of A. lancea. There is a close interaction between the volatile oil of A. lancea and endophytes. Different endophytes vary in regulating the composition and content of the volatile oil of A. lancea, which might contribute to the quality formation of A. lancea. However, the information of the endophytic flora of A. lancea obtained by traditional culture and isolation is not enough to reflect the real situation of the endophytes of A. lancea. Little is known about the endophytes of A. lancea from different chemical types and different habitats, which is not conducive to the study of the ecological relationship between A. lancea and endophytes and limits the development and utilization of the endophytes. Therefore, at the end of this paper, the authors put forward suggestions for future research on endophytes in A. lancea, including:(1)mining the core endophyte resources of A. lancea by combining high-throughput sequencing with traditional culture and isolation;(2)exploring the relationship between the diversity of endophytes and chemical types of A. lancea;(3)strengthening the application of endophytes in A. lancea cultivation, in order to facilitate the cultivation efficiency and quality of A. lancea.

Advances in quality research of Cinnamomum cassia / 中国中药杂志

Cinnamomum cassis is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in China. Its genuine producing areas distribute in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. As an important edible herb and export variety of China, the quality control and internationalization of quality standards of C. cassis is extremely significant. In the recent years, with the development of the cinnamon industry, relevant academic research and the upgrade of the international standards, it is necessary to summarize the quality-related progress of C. cassis. In the present review, the germplasm resources, specific quality marker(Q-marker) and quality standards of C. cassis were summarized on the basis of published research during the last 10 years.

Analysis of quality difference based on Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in genuine region / 中国中药杂志

This work is to establish the fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus by HPLC-ELSD method, and to analyze the simulated wildness degree of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in the genuine region of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu. Compared with wild A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, the quality differences of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in the genuine region were analyzed by identification of chromatographic peaks and similarity evaluation, cluster analysis(CA), principal components analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). HPLC fingerprints of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in different genuine regions are established. The qualitative analysis of mass spectrometry identified 18 components. The similarity evaluation shows that the similarity of 32 batches of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples was 0.688-0.993. Among them, the similarity of samples in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia is 0.688-0.993, 0.835-0.989, 0.934-0.988, respectively and the similarity of samples in Gansu is 0.729-0.876 except No. 25 sample. The results of CA show that the samples of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus can be grouped into four categories according to the production area except the No. 11 and No. 25 samples. The results of PCA indicate that 32 batches of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples can be clustered according to quality and origin, and the quality of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Inner Mongolia is the closest to the wild breed. The results of OPLS-DA indicate that there are six components that can distinguish the wild and domestic A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, which are malonylastragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅰ, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, formononetin-7-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate, and astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate. The established method can be used to analyze differences between A. membranaceus var. mongholicus origin and planting environment, and can provide references for the protection and replacement of wild A. membranaceus var. mongholicus resources, and the cultivation, processing and production of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus.