ABSTRACT
Objective: Corydalis bungeana (CB) is a well-used medicinal herb in Mongolian folk medicine and has been traditionally applied as an antiobesity agent. However, the evidence-based pharmacological effects of CB and its specific metabolic alterations in the obese model are not entirely understood. This study aimed to utilize untargeted metabolomic techniques to identify biomarkers and gain mechanistic insight into the serum metabolite alterations associated with weight loss and lipid metabolism in obese rats. Methods: A high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet was used to induce obese models in rats. CB extract was orally gavaged at 0.18, 0.9 and 1.8 g/kg doses for six weeks, and feed intake, body weight, fat pad weight, and blood indexes were measured. Blood serum metabolites were evaluated by gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). Results: The results showed that compared with the obese group, the administration of CB extract caused significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.05), feed intake, Lee's index, and perirenal, mesenteric, epididymal fat weight. CB extract also reduced blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) of obese rats. Metabolomic findings showed that nine differential metabolites, including pyruvic acid, D-glucuronic acid, malic acid, dimethylglycine, oxoglutaric acid, pantothenic acid, sorbitol acid, fumaric acid and glucose 6-phosphate were identified under CB treatment and altered metabolic pathways such as TCA cycle, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated weight loss and lipid lowering effects of CB on HFHS diet-induced obese rats and identified nine metabolites as potential biomarkers for evaluating the favorable therapeutic mechanism of CB via regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.
ABSTRACT
Purpose To explore the immunohistochemical features of neuroendocrine markers, CKpan and TTF-1 and their relationship to TNM stage and prognosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods The expression of NSE, CgA, Syn, CD56, TTF-1 and CK-pan in SCLC tissue specimens were detected using immunohistochemical EnVision indirect method. Clinical data and TNM stage of 90 patients were collected and the overall survival ( OS) was followed up by telephone. Results Of 90 cases of SCLC, the vast majority were occured in the elderly men. The ratio of man to woman was 5 to 1. The median age was 64 years old. The stageⅠ+Ⅱ was 21 cases, 30 in stageⅢand 39 cases in stage IV. The positive rate of immunohistochemical staining of neuroendocrine markers for NSE, CgA, Syn and CD56 were 83. 3%, 70%, 65. 5% and 86%, respectively. The positive rate of CKpan, TTF-1 were 92. 2% and 81. 1%. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the expression of TTF-1 and NSE were significantly correlated with the TNM stage and over-all survival of patients with SCLC (P<0. 05). The median OS was 8 months in positive expression of TTF-1, which was higher than those in negative expression of TTF1 (5. 5 months)(P=0. 000). The median OS was 7 months in NSE positive expression which was lower than those in negative expression of NSE (11 months)(P=0. 009). The median OS of stageⅠ+Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere 16 months, 9 months and 4 months with significant difference ( P=0. 000 ) . Cox multivariate analysis indicated the TTF-1 expression and TNM were independent prognostic factors for the OS of the SCLC patients. Conclusion Most of SCLC has neuroendocrine differentiation, expression CKpan and TTF-1. The expression of TTF-1 may be negative correlation but NSE positive correlation with the prognosis of SCLC patients. And the TTF-1 expression and TNM may be independent prognostic factors for the OS of the SCLC patients.
ABSTRACT
Ketogenic diet is a kind of diet with high fat,low carbohydrate and protein.Ketogenic diet has an curative effect on intractable epilepsy,but the mechanism is still not fully understood.In this paper,the curative effect of the ketogenic diet therapy in pediatric refractory epilepsy and the research progress of the mechanism of action to control seizures are reviewed.