Enterobacteriaceae in some marine fish fillet

A total of 100 random samples of marine fish fillet represented by Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet, Dicentrachus labrax fillet, Stingray fish fillet and Scomberomorus commerson fillet [25 of each] were collected from different fish markets in Alexandria city. The sample weight was 100 grams. Each sample was kept in a separate sterile plastic bag and transferred in an ice box to the laboratory under complete aseptic conditions without undue delay. All collected samples were subjected to bacteriological examination for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed that the total Enterobacteriaceae count in the examined samples of marine fish fillet were varied from 1.6 x 10[2] to 6.3 x 10[4] with an average of 2.1 x 10[4] + 3.1 x 10[3] cfu/g for Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet, 2.1 x 10[2] to 4.3 x 10[4] with an average of 9.1 x 10[3] + 1.1 x 10[3] cfu/g for Dicentrachus labrax fillet, 3.1 x 10[2] to 6.7 x 10[4] with an average of 1.3 x 10[4] + 7.3 x 10[3] cfu/g for Stingray fish fillet and 2.3 x 10[2] to 1.1 x 10[5] with an average of 6.3 x 10[4] + 5.2 x 10[3] cfu/g for Scomberomorus commerson fillet, respectively. Accurately, all examined samples [100%] out of Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet, Dicentrachus labrax fillet, Stingray fish fillet and Scomberomorus commerson fillet were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae. Also, the total coliform count in the examined samples of marine fish fillet were ranged from 1.3 x 10 to 2.1 x 10[3] with a mean value of 9 x 10[2] + 7.5 x 10 cfu/g for Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet, 3.1 x 10 to 3.2 x 10[3] with a mean value of 1.1 x 10[3] + 2.3 x 10[2] cfu/g for Dicentrachus labrax fillet, 1.9 x 10 to 7 x 10[3] with a mean value of 2.6 x 10[3] + 1.6 x 10[2] cfu/g for Stingray fish fillet and 6 x 10 to 1.3 x 10[4] with a mean value of 6.4 x 10[3] + 7.1 x 10[2] cfu/g for Scomberomorus commerson fillet. The enteric bacteria isolated were Enterobacter aerogenes [44%] was the most frequent bacterial species isolated from Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet samples, followed by Proteus vulgaris [28%], Citrobacter diversus and Shigella species [20% of each] then Klebsiella ozanae and Provedencia spp [16% of each]. In regard to Dicentrachus labrax fillet samples, the most frequent bacterial species isolated was Enterobacter aerogens [40%], followed by Klebsiella peumoniae [32%], Citrobacter diversus[28%], Proteus vulgaris and Provedencia species [20% of each], Citrobacter freundii [16%] then Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ozanae and Shigella species [12% of each]. Concerning Stingray fish fillet samples, Serratia liquifaciens [44%] represented the highest rate of isolation followed by Enterobacter aerogens and Enterobacter cloacae [36% of each], Citrobacter freundii [28%], Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter cloacae [24% of each], Shigella species [20%] and Proteus vulgaris [16%]. On the other hand, Citrobacter freundii [28%], Enterobacter aerogens [24%], Proteus vulgaris [20%] then Klebsiella ozanae, Proteus rettgeri and Shigella species [12% of each] were isolated from the examined samples of Scomberomorus commerson fillet The Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from 8%, 16%, 20% and 28% of the examined samples of Epinephelus alexandrinus fillet, Dicentrachus labrax fillet, Stingray fish fillet and Scomberomorus commerson fillet, respectively. Also, Salmonella species were recovered from 8%, 12% and 8% of the examined samples of Dicentrachus labrax fillet, Stingray fish fillet and Scomberomorus commerson fillet, respectively. The serotypes of Salmonella organisms isolated from Dicentrachus labrax fillet, Stingray fish fillet and Scomberomorus commerson fillet were S. enteritidis [4% for each] and S. Haifa [4% for each]. However, only one strain [4%] isolated from Stingray fish fillet were serologically identified as S. typhimurium. Enterobacteriaceae count, Coliform count, the isolated enteric bacteria, the isolated enteropathogenic E.coli and the isolated Salmonella organisms as well as the public health significance were discussed and the prophylactic measures to reduce the counts and the isolates in marine fish fillet were recommended

Enterobacteriaceae in beef products from retail outlets in Alexandria

This study aimed to determine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in beef products as luncheon, pasterma, frankfurter and minced meat as these microbes are considered as major cause of foodborne illness.A total of 100 samples [25 of each beef product] were collected from different retail outlets. Each sample was kept in a separate sterile plastic bag and transferred in an ice box to the laboratory under complete aseptic conditions with a minimum of delay. All collected samples were bacteriologically examined for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. We found that the most important bacteria that isolated from minced meat were E. coli [44%], Enterobacter spp. Especially Enterobacter aerogenes [12%], Enterobacter intermedium [4] and Enterobacter gergoviae [4%], Citrobacter spp. that includes Citrobacter amalonaticus [4%], Citrobacter diversus [4%] and Citrobacter freundii [4%], serratia spp especially Serratia marcescens 8%], Serratia ficaria [8%], Serratia fonticola [12%], Serratia liquefaciens [4%] and Serratia rubidaea [8%], Edwardsiella spp. Especially Edwardsiella ictalori [8%] and Edwardsiella hoshinae [12%], Povidencia spp. [8%] especially Providencia alcalifciens [4%], Klebsiella pneumoniae especially Subsp. Ozanae [4%] and Proteus spp. especially Proteus mirabilis [16%]. The most important bacteria that isolated from luncheon were E. coli [32%], Enterobacter spp. Especially Enterobacter aerogenes [8%], Enterobacter intermedium [4%] and Enterobacter gergoviae [8%], Citrobacter spp. that includes Citrobacter amalonaticus [12%], Citrobacter diversus [4%] and Citrobacter freundii [16%], Serratia spp. Especially Serratia marcescens [8%], Serratia ficaria [12%], Serratia fonticola [4%], Srratia liquefaciens [4%] and Serratia rubidaea [8%], Edwardsiella spp. especially Edwardsiella ictalori [8%] and Edwardsiella hoshinae [16%], Providencia spp. especially Providencia alcalifciens [4%], Klebsiella pneumoniae especially Subsp. Ozanae [12%] and Proteus spp. especially Proteus mirabilis [8%]. Also, the most important bacteria that isolated from pasterma were E. coli [40%], Enterobacter spp. Especially Enterobacter aerogenes [8%], Enterobacter intermedium [4%] and Enterobacter gergoviae [12%], Citrobacter spp. that includes Citrobacter amalonaticus [4%], Citrobacter diversus [12%] and Citrobacter freundii [4%], Serratia spp. Especially Srratia marcescens [4%], Serratia ficaria [8%], Serratia fonticola [4%], Serratia liquefaciens [4%] and Serratia rubidaea [8%], Edwardsiella spp. especially Edwardsiella ictalori [12%] and Edwardsiella hoshinae [8%], providencia spp. especially providencia alcalifciens [8%], Klebsiella pneumoniae especially subsp. Ozanae [8%] and Proteus spp. especially Poteus mirabilis [12%]. Eventually, the most important bacteria that isolated from frankfurter were E. coli [36%], Enterobacter spp. Especially enterobacter aerogenes [4%], enterobacter intermedium [4%] and enterobacter gergoviae [8%], Citrobacter spp. that includes Citrobacter amalonaticus [8%], Citrobacter diversus [4%] and Citrobacter freundii [4%], Serratia spp. Especially Serratia marcescens [4%], Serratia ficaria [12%], Serratia fonticola [4%], Serratia liquefaciens [4%] and Serratia rubidaea [4%], Edwardsiella spp. especially edwardsiella ictalori [8%] and Edwardsiella hoshinae [12%], providencia spp. especially Providencia alcalifciens [4%], Klebsiella pneumoniae especially subsp. Ozanae [8%] and Proteus spp. especially Proteus mirabilis [8%]

Role of ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy, EUS and serum CA19-9 level in diagnosis of pancreatic masses

Pancreatic Cancer is a very aggressive tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis, accurate preoperative staging and better adjuvant treatment remain a challenge. Abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, EUS and ERCP are common tools used for imaging of pancreatic cancer. Fine needle aspiration has made significant contribution to the diagnosis of cancer pancreas. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] in the diagnosis of pancreatic masses and in the differentiation of cancer pancreas from benign lesions. In addition to that, the level of serum CA 19-was measured to assess its accuracy in differentiating cancerous from benign lesions. This cross sectional study included forty patients with pancreatic lesions. They were subjected to full clinical examination, laboratory tests [including serum level CA 19- 9], abdominal ultrasound, percutaneous sonar guided FNAC of pancreatic lesions, endosonography and surgical interference [was done to 32 patients]. Thirty three patients proved to have pancreatic malignancy while seven patients proved to have pancreatitis. Ultrasonography [US] showed a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 86% and accuracy of 73% for malignancy detection. Adding CAI9-9 to ultrasound raised the sensitivity to 94%, specificity remained 86% and accuracy to 93%. Adding FNAC to US raised the sensitivity to 85%, specificity remained 86% and accuracy to 91%. EUS showed a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 91%. Adding CA to EUS showed a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 91%. Adding FNAC to EUS showed a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 86% and accuracy of 97%. The combination of EUS, serum CAI9-9 level and sonar guided fine needle aspiration showed an accuracy of 97% in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. These investigatory tools are cheap and available and thus may be an excellent alternative to EUS guided fine needle aspiration which is expensive and available in only a few centres

Analgesic effect of intraperitoneal methylprednisolone after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

This study was designed to compare the analgesic effect of intraperitoneal methylprednisolone alone or combined with bupivacaine to intraperitoneal bupivacaine alone in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study included 60 female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy given a standardized general anaesthetic including fentanyl, propofol, N[2]O, isoflurane, and vecuronium. Patients were randomly allocated into one of three equal sized groups [n=20, each]. Group B: intraperitoneal 50ml bupivacaine 0.25% [125mg], group M: intraperitoneal 50 ml saline containing 125mg methylprednisolone, and group M+B: Intraperitoneal 50ml bupivacaine 0.25% [125mg] + 125mg methylprednisolone. The following parameters were evaluated in all patients: 1] Time to first request of analgesia [time elapsed between extubation and first analgesic dose], 2] The incidence and severity of postoperative shoulder and arm pain for 24 hours [the severity of postoperative shoulder and arm pain measured at 0, 6,12,18, and 24h postoperatively using VAS [0-10], 3] The amount of postoperative PCA morphine consumed in 0-6h, 6-12h, 12-18h, I8-24h, and 0-24h following extubation, and 4] Wound healing and infection. Times to first request of analgesia using intravenous morphine in groups B, M, and M+B were 22 [2] min, 10 [1] min, and 23 [1] min respectively. It was significantly short in group M compared to the other 2 groups [p<0.05]. Doses of intravenous PCA morphine consumed at 0-6h, 6-12h, 12-18h, 18-24h, and 0-24h were significantly less in groups M and M+B compared to group B [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference between groups M and M+B. The incidence and severity of shoulder pain were less in group M and M+B compared to group B [p<0.05] with no significant difference between group M and M+B. No apparent adverse effect was seen upon wound healing and infection. Intraperitoneal instillation of methylprednisolone [125mg] alone or in combination with bupivacaine 0.25% [125mg] in female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly decreases the postoperative analgesic requirements of intravenous morphine and decreased the incidence of shoulder pain compared to intraperitoneal bupivacaine 0.25% [125mg] alone with no apparent adverse effects upon wound healing and infection