Quadricuspid aortic valve - a case report

Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital heart defect. Several different anatomical variations of a quadricuspid aortic valve have been described and aortic regurgitation is the predominant valvular dysfunction associated with it. A 57-year-old hypertensive gentleman presented with a four months history of worsening dyspnea on exertion. The patient had a previous transthoracic echocardiography done one month ago that demonstrated mild to moderate aortic regurgitation. Transoesophageal echocardiography displayed a rare case of quadricuspid aortic valve with four cusps of equal size. The malformation was associated with moderate aortic regurgitation. The use of transoesophageal echocardiography is often warranted to diagnose quadricuspid aortic valve if optimal display of the valvular morphology is desired

Role of echocardiography in suspected acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with normal hemodynamics: a case report with literature reveiw

Pulmonary embolism is a disease with high mortality if left untreated, but early diagnosis and treatment are compromised on account of its variable and non-specific presentation. Although ventilation/perfusion scan is the widely used diagnostic modality of choice, in our opinion echocardiography, being an easily available and rapid bedside modality, can be used more frequently and e ffectively in the diagnosis and management of a suspected case of acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with normal hemodynamics as was evident in our case report