Vagifem is superior to vaginal Premarin in induction of endometrial thickness in the frozen-thawed cycle patients with refractory endometria: a randomized clinical trial

Embryo transfer to a developed endometrium is an important prognostic factor in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle outcome. Vaginal estrogen, such as Vagifem vaginal tablets and Premarin vaginal cream, is a regimen used for the patients with refractive endometria. Our objective was to compare the effects of Vagifem and Premarin on the endometrial thickness of the patients with refractive endometria. In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients with refractive endometria in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles received Vagifem vaginal tablets and 30 women received Premarin vaginal cream. Endometrial thickness was measured on the 14th day of drug administration. Comparing the endometrial thicknesses of the two groups showed that the endometria of the Vagifem group was significantly thicker than that of the Premarin group [5.93 +/- 0.38 vs. 6.74 +/- 0.32; p<0.001]. Vagifem is superior to Premarin in induction of endometrial thickness in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles in the patients with refractive endometria

Soluble cd30 in normal pregnancy pre-eclampsia and recurrent pregnancy loss

Normal pregnancy is thought to be dependent on Th2 deviation, while Recurrent Pregnancy Loss [RPL] and Pre-eclampsia [PE] appear to be biased toward the Th1 immune response. It is believed that the soluble form of CD30 [sCD30] is an index of Th2 immune response or modulator of Th1/Th2 responses. The aim of this study was determination of the sCD30 level in RPL and PE patients. The sCD30 level was measured in sera of a group of normal non-pregnant women [N=43] and compared with normal pregnancy at the first [N=42] and third [N=42] trimester. Furthermore, the level of sCD30 in the normal first and third trimester pregnancies were compared with that of RPL [N=38] and severe pre-eclamptic [N=41] patients, respectively. sCD30 levels were measured by ELISA method and student t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean level of sCD30 at the first trimester in normal pregnancy was significantly elevated as compared with normal non-pregnant women [21.4 vs. 15.2 ng/ml, p<0.0001]. A significant difference between sCD30 concentration at the first and third trimester of normal pregnancies was also observed [21.4 vs. 14.3 ng/ml, p<0.0001]. Interestingly, the sCD30 concentration did not show any significant changes at the first trimester of normal pregnancy as compared with RPL [21.4 vs. 20.9 ng/ml] and third trimester of normal pregnancy as compared with PE [14.3 vs. 13.1 ng/ml]. The data of this study indicated that the concentration of sCD30 in serum during pregnancy period is not associated with RPL or PE and serum sCD30 is not a good correlate of Th2 immune responses in pregnancy