ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on interleukin-6 [IL-6], nitric oxide synthase 1 [NOS-1], and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2015 to June 2016
Methodology: Patients of either gender of minimum one year history of T2DM ranging from 40-70 years of age were included. Those with chronic systemic diseases, history of regular exercise, smoking, and those on dietary plan were excluded. A total of 195 patients were screened; 120 were selected and 102 agreed to participate in the study
They were randomly placed into experimental and control groups. SSAET program, routine medication, and dietary plan were applied in experimental group; whereas, control group was managed with routine medication and dietary plan for 25 weeks. IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 were assessed at baseline and 25 weeks
Results: SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan showed significantly improved IL-6 [pre-mean=0.25 +/-0.11ng/ml, post-mean=0.19 +/-0.04 ng/ml], NOS-1 [pre-median=4.65 ng/ml, IQ range=1.04 ng/ml], [post-median=2.72 ng/ml, IQ range=1.60 ng/ml], and COX-2 [pre-mean=18.72 +/-4.42 ng/ml, post-mean=15.18 +/-2.63 ng/ml] in experimental group, as compared with control group managed by routine medication and dietary plan, where deterioration was noted in IL-6 [pre-mean=0.23 +/-0.08 ng/ml, post-mean=0.27 +/-0.08 ng/ml] and COX-2 [pre-mean=18.49 +/-4.56 ng/ml, post-mean=19.10 +/-4.76 ng/ml], while NOS-1 slight improvement [pre-mean=4.99 ng/ml, IQ range=2.67 ng/ml], [post-mean=4.56 ng/ml, IQ range=3.85 ng/ml]. Statistically at the baseline the p-values were not significant [p>0.05] in both experimental and control groups for IL-6, COX-2 and NOS-1; while after 25 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement [p<0.05] in comparison with the control group
Conclusion: SSAET program, routine medication, and dietary plan had positive effect on IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 in T2DM patients