ABSTRACT
Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems “anesthesia” and “analgesia” are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven sub‑ optimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analge‑ sic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs’ side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analge‑ sic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
ABSTRACT
Background: Asparagus is a plant with high nutritional, pharmaceutical, and industrial values
Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of asparagus roots on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and oogenesis in female rats
Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 40 adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups, which consist 8 rats. Groups included control, sham and three experimental groups receiving different doses [100, 200, 400 mg/kg/bw] of aqueous extract of asparagus roots. All dosages were administered orally for 28 days. Blood samples were taken from rats to evaluate serum levels of Gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH], follicular stimulating hormone [FSH], Luteinal hormone [LH], estrogen, and progesterone hormones. The ovaries were removed, weighted, sectioned, and studied by light microscope
Results: Dose-dependent aqueous extract of asparagus roots significantly increased serum levels of GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progestin hormones compared to control and sham groups. Increase in number of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum in groups treated with asparagus root extract was also observed [p<0.05]
Conclusion:Asparagus roots extract stimulates secretion of hypothalamic- pituitary- gonadal axis hormones. This also positively affects oogenesis in female rats
ABSTRACT
Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is used as anti cancer drug and weakening immune system for adult widely. As there are inadequate information, so we are to examine possible effect of hydro alcoholic extract of cinnamon on the pituitary - gonadal axis in adult male rats chemotherapy drug by cyclophosphamide. Thirty five male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups of 7 including control, observer, and experiments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The control group received no treatment while observer group were injected 2.0 mm of distilled water [solvent] intraperitoneally. The experimental mice 1, 2 and 3 were intraperitoneally injected 5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide drug with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg fed by gavage either cinnamon extract. The weight of the rats in the experimental groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were significantly lower than the control group [p=0.01]. Right and left testicular weight in experimental groups 2 and 3 than in group 4 was significantly increased in groups 1 and 4 showed a significant decrease compared to the control group [p=0.01]. Hormones LH, FSH and testosterone increased significantly in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4 showed the [p=0.05]. 5 experimental groups showed significant increase in FSH compared with controls [p=0.05]. This study showed that cyclophosphamide has a destructive effect on testis and secretion of sex hormones in male rats and hence effect of cinnamon improves it to some extent
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Shivering related to spinal anesthesia may interfere with monitoring and is uncomfortable. The aim of the present study was to investigate low-dose intrathecal meperidine for the prevention of shivering after induction of spinal anesthesia in parturients with cesarean section. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 100 parturients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II, scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia who were randomly assigned to a meperidine (0.2 mg/kg) plus hyperbaric lidocaine (5%, 75 mg, n = 50; group M) group or a placebo plus hyperbaric lidocaine (5%, 75 mg, n = 50; group L) group. Demographic and surgical data, adverse events, and the mean intensity for each parturient were assessed during the entire study period by a blinded observer. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two study groups regarding the demographic and surgical data (P > 0.05). The incidence of shivering during the entire study period significantly decreased in the group of parturients who received intrathecal meperidine (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in nausea and vomiting between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intrathecal meperidine (10 mg) is safe and effective in reducing the incidence and severity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia in parturients with cesarean section.