effect of selenase on the disease process of patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit: a clinical trial in Tehran

Despite discovering new antibiotics, mortality due to septic shock has remained high. This research has examined the effect of selenase in patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU] of a hospital in Tehran. This double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 participants [40 case and 40 control] who were admitted to the ICU with septic shock. Every participant in the case group was administered 500 micro g selenase twice daily for 10 days. In contrast, each participant of the control group was treated with placebo [normal saline]. Data were collected by observation and recorded in a questionnaire. Chi-square and Student's t-test were used for data analysis. In this study 34 participants [42.5%] were men and 46 [57.5%] were women. The duration stay in the ICU in treatment group was less than in the observation group which was statistically significant [P =.01]. There was also a significant difference regarding the frequency of morbidity and mortality rates between the two groups [P =.03 and P =.02, respectively]. Selenium at a dosage of 500 micro g [twice daily] is effective in those who have suffered from septic shock. Still, more studies are needed to determine the best dosage and administration method of this drug

Epidemiologic profile of shigellosis among Iranian military personnel: a retrospective study in the army

To assess the epidemiologic features of shigellosis in Iranian military personnel of the Army. The data was gathered from archived reports of Iran's Army at AJA University of Medical Sciences. All military personnel with confirmed diagnosis of shigellosis reported by the Army physicians were included in the study. Data analysis was done by appropriate statistical functions using STATA software. In a 7-year period [2005-2011] the total number of cases was 1710 from 25 provinces of Iran. A large difference was found out in the incidence rates of different provinces. 69% of all cases were from the five provinces of Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Sistan-Baluchistan, Bushehr and Guilan. Although the majority [55%] of the cases had occurred in spring, the association between season and incidence rate was not significant [P = .08]. Among the three studied forces 45% of reported patients were from Navy. The overall occurrence of shigellosis has decreased among Iranian army personnel from 2005 to 2011, but the incidence is still high enough to be considered as a major problem. Army healthcare commanders are expected to improve necessary facilities, especially in the Navy and in endemic provinces, to decrease the transmission of this infection.

[Glanders, a new vision on an old biological weapon]

Death of one imported tiger from Russia in Tehran Eram zoological garden in winter of 2010 from Glanders opened the new series of discussion about this old zoonosis. After this incident, all the lions of the zoo were euthanized due to the probable contamination with glanders. In present systematic review manuscript, several scientific data banks and websites including ISI, Scopus, Medline, Embase, OIE, CDC, WHO, SID and MAGIRAN had been searched. Also all the books, journals and available congress proceedings in libraries were searched about this issue. As if many epidermis and also zoonotic and infectious diseases may be a biological threat, so having a good knowledge of these kinds of diseases is a necessity for all physicians, veterinarians and public health staffs especially whom they work in Armed Forces. Collaboration between Iran Veterinary Organization [IVO], Ministry of Health and Medical Education [MOHME] and Armed Forces is necessary for controlling the probable biological threat like glanders

[Introducing a case of brucellosis with severe septicemia and pancytopenia]

The most common symptom of brucellosis is osteoarticular manifestation. Urogenital manifestation, hepatitis, CNS and respiratory system involvement and endocarditis are also reported. Mild leucopenia with lymphocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia and seldom pancytopenia is seen. A 22-year-old man with fever and chills, abdominal pain and diarrhea came to the hospital. He had headache, malaise, anorexia and dry cough, for 2 weeks. He had no exposure to domestic animals and hadn't consumed any unpasteurized dairy. In lab data, he had leucopenia, relative lymphocytosis, anemia and thrombocytosis, wright = 1/2560, 2ME = 1/1280, Alt=193, AST=446, alkp =375. As long as the patient hadn't have any exposure to domestic animals and also hadn't consumed any unpasteurized dairy, the serology [2ME = 1/80, wright= 1/40] from outside the hospital was repeated and noted results was detected. In endemic areas, in septicemia and pancytopenia or byccytopenia setting we should consider brucellosis in differential diagnosis

Sterilization quality control in the AJA health care centers in Tehran-2006

Nosocomial infections are an economic burden on health-care systems and one of the most important mortality related agents of hospitalized patients. Although in attention to true sterilization of surgical instruments has mentioned as the most important sources of nosocomial infections; there are a few hospitals in the country that use the standard quality control methods and archive protocols ordered by international societies. Therefore the main purpose of this study was the survey of sterilization quality control conditions in the AJA health-care systems in Tehran. In this cross-sectional descriptive study sterilization process evaluated in the 12 health-care center including: 8 hospitals, 3 specialty clinics, and a dental clinic. Data were collected by using questionnaire consist of processing of cleaning; disinfection; packing and application of biological indicators were defined generally. Regarding to cleaning, all packages were clean and free of blood and contamination, whereas metal instruments in the packages were rusty in 5 centers [41.7%].in all centers disinfection processes had done well. In the packing processes 5 centers [41.7%] didn't use double layer cloth wraps and in one center [8.3%] the wraps were torn and dirty obviously and didn't have much consistence and pentrance truly. Also the packing itself was performed incorrectly in 2 centers [16.7%]. In ten centers which used wrapping by paper, 2 centers [20%] didn't packed their instruments by standard wrapping. Finally sterilization records and documentations didn't exist in any centers. Quality control of sterilization in comparison with its standards was not acceptable; therefore the observance of these standards as instructions should be proclaimed and enforced

[ review in novel pandemic H1N1 A]

Introduction: after the report of suspicious cases in Mexico City in 17 April 2009, 2 cases of swine origin influenza A were confirmed in U.S.A and was a novel triple re-assortment of H1N1. This virus was transmitted from pigs to humans and has high rate of transmission between humans and distributed on the world in a short time. The phase 6th of pandemic had reported by WHO in 3 months

Materials and Methods: this article is a review study that is provided from searching in Scopus, Medline and Embase data banks and CDC and WHO sites and its information updated before publication

Results: the Swine-origin Influenza A [H1N1] is a triple reassortment of season, birds and swine flu virus. The disease manifestation is like conventional seasonal flu. The best way of disease control is vaccine and appropriate treatment. Fortunately, the disease has a controlled condition in the world. The disease transmission is person to person via infected droplets. The pandemic rapidly happens and has sequential waves. The disease manifestation in humans varies from unmarkable disease to sever pneumonia resulting in hospitalization and maybe death and generally is like season flu but with a different epidemiologic feature. The definite diagnosis is RT-PCR or cell culture from the nose pharynx, nasal, pharyngeal and nasal or tracheal wash samples. The prevention includes observing hygiene points is the most important way of pandemic control. Nowadays, two kinds of novel virus vaccine is available that include flu shot [inactived virus with intra muscular injection in deltoide] and nasal spray [live attenuated virus]. The best treatment is neuraminidase inhibitors [Oseltamivir and Zanamivir] which recommends to hospitalized high risk persons preferably in first 48 hours. Chemo prophylaxis recommends to special cases

Conclusions: the occurrence of novel influenza A, conventional season flu and birds flu in the world, increases the rate of reassortment and puts the society at high risk. There is no appropriate antibodies against novel reassorted viruses in the society so probability of rapid progression of a new disease is high. However, People consciousness and health and cure bases readiness specially in gathering places, dormitories, schools, universities and garrisons is very important

[ review in novel pandemic H1N1 A]

After the report of suspicious cases in Mexico City in 17 April 2009, 2 cases of swine origin influenza A were confirmed in U.S.A and was a novel triple re-assortment of H1N1. This virus was transmitted from pigs to human and has high rate of transmission between humans and distributed on the world in a short time. The phase 6 th of pandemic had reported by WHO in 3 months. This article is a review study that is provided from searching in Scopus, Medline and Embase data banks and CDC and WHO sites and its information updated before publication. The Swine-origin Influenza A [H1N1] is a triple reassortment of season, birds and swine flu virus. The disease manifestation is like conventional seasonal flu. The best way of disease control is vaccine and appropriate treatment. Fortunately, the disease has a controlled condition in the world. The disease transmission is person to person via infected droplets. The pandemic rapidly happens and has sequential waves. The disease manifestation in humans varies from unmarkable disease to server pneumonia resulting in hospitalization and maybe death and generally is like season flu but with a different epidemiologic feature. The definite diagnosis is RT-PCR or cell culture from the nose pharynx, nasal, pharyngeal and nasal or tracheal wash samples. The prevention includes observing hygiene points is the most important way of pandemic control. Nowadays, two kinds of novel virus vaccine is available that include flu shot[inactived virus with intra muscular injection in deltoide] and nasal spray [live attenuated virus]. The best treatment is neuraminidase inhibitors [Oseltamivir and Zanamivir] which recommends to hospitalized high risk persons preferably in first 48 hours. Chemo prophylaxis recommends to special cases. The occurrence of novel influenza A, conventional season flu and birds flu in the world increases the rate of reassortment and puts the society at high risk. There is no appropriate antibodies against novel reassorted viruses in the society so probability of rapid progression of a new disease is high. However, people consciousness and health and cure bases readiness specially in gathering places, dormitories, schools, universities and garrisons is very important