ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of oral microscope-assisted surface decontamination on implants in vitro.@*METHODS@#Twelve implants that fell off because of severe peri-implantitis were collected, and decontamination was carried out on the surfaces of implants through curetting, ultrasound, titanium brushing, and sandblasting at 1×, 8×, or 12.8× magnifications. The number and sizes of residues on the implants' surfaces after decontamination were determined, and the decontamination effect was analyzed according to the thread spacing in the different parts of the thread.@*RESULTS@#1) The 8× and 12.8× groups scored lower for implant surface residues than the 1× group (P<0.000 1), and the 12.8× group scored lower than the 8× group (P<0.001); 2) no difference in residue score was found between the wide and narrow thread pitch (P>0.05), and the 8× and 12.8× groups had lower scores than the 1× group (P<0.001); 3) the lowest number of contaminants was observed at the tip of the thread, whereas the highest was observed below the thread, and the difference was significant (P<0.001). However, the thread pitch had no effect on the number of contaminants in different areas (P>0.05); 4) the residue scores of the 8× and 12.8× groups were lower than those of the 1× group at the thread tip and above, sag, and below the thread of the implants (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Residues on the surfaces of contaminated implants can be effectively removed by using an oral microscope. After decontamination, the residues of pollutants were mainly concentrated below the thread of the implants, and the thread pitch of the implants had no significant effect on the residues.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Decontamination , Surface Properties , Peri-Implantitis , TitaniumABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the immune responses of bone-marrow derived macrophages and osteoclasts to lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) so as to provide reference for host immunomodulatory therapy of periodontitis.@*Methods@#Bone marrow mononuclear cells from C57BL/6 mice were obtained and induced into bone marrow macrophages (BMM) and osteoclasts (OC) by conditioned medium. The BMMs and OCs were divided into blank control group and Pg-LPS treated experimental group. Pg-LPS (10 μg/ml) was used to stimulate BMM and OC. The mRNA and protein expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were detected, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of Pg-LPS on the differentiation of BMM into OC was evaluated.@*Results@#Mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells were successfully induced into BMM and mature OC. In the presence of Pg-LPS, the gene level of TLR-2 in BMM was significantly up-regulated by (41.41±13.07) folds (P<0.01), while the level of TLR-4 mRNA was not significantly changed. TLR-2 mRNA and TLR-4 mRNA levels in OC increased by (2.24±0.23) times (P<0.05) and (4.83±1.07) times (P<0.01), respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that TLR-2 protein expression in BMM was robustly enhanced (P<0.01), as mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) were (39.85±5.27) in blank group and (221.57±13.13) in experimental group, respectively. The MFI of TLR-2 in OC also increased as (83.31±2.69) in blank group and (108.65±6.32) in experimental group, respectively (P<0.01). However, no significant TLR-4 expressions were observed in both BMM and OC (P>0.05). Moreover, the productions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in response to LPS in BMM and OC remarkably increased (P<0.01). Lower cytokine expression was observed in OC than that in BMM (P<0.01). In addition, Pg-LPS obviously inhibited the number and size of OC formation, with a reduction in area percentage of approximately 47%.@*Conclusions@#Pg-LPS generated a robust immune inflammatory response to BMM, while OC had a relatively weaker immune response to the Pg-LPS. Pg-LPS might inhibite the differentiation of BMM into OC.