ABSTRACT
Mosquitos were collected with human and animal baits from March 1996 to January 1998 in four villages located along the Yadana gas pipe line in Yepyu township, Dawae district, Tanintharyi Division, southern Myanmar. A total of 23 anopheline species were collected. Anopheles dirus were abundant in pre-monsoon (May/June) an post-monsoon (October) months. All An. dirus caught both humans and cattle were assayed with specific, sporozoite enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A total of 5/250 (2%) caught with human bait was found positive with Plasmodium vivax from Eindayaza, Ohnbinkwin and Thaechaung during rainy and cool-dry months. Larval surveys also showed An. dirus larvae/pupae were caught from domestic wells (6 to 46% found positive). Clinical surveys indicated that transmission is hyperendemic and occur all year round in all four villages.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/parasitology , Breeding , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Insect Vectors , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Myanmar/epidemiology , Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification , Rural Health , SeasonsABSTRACT
Neem oil (seed kernel extract) produced a strong repellent action on An. dirus mosquitoes (the major vector of malaria) in Myanmar even at concentrations as low as 0.5 and 1.0 percent. At a concentration of 2 percent no anopheles biting and the protection provided was 100 percent during 10-12 hrs periods. The larvicidal effects of neem oil on An. dirus (larvae) were determined by using 3rd instar and above. The LC90 and LC50 were found to be one percent and 0.45-0.5 percent respectively, The residual effect of neem oil under laboratory condition with 2 and 4 percent persisted ca 72+/-5 hrs. Moreover, under laboratory condition with 2 and 4 percent, the ovicidal effect was found to be 100 percent control.
Subject(s)
Anopheles , Culicidae , MyanmarABSTRACT
During 1984 to 1986 mosquito surveys were conducted in Tamwe Township to determine factors which influence the abundance of Aedes aegypti in rainy season in Yangon. Both the biological and environmental factors were studied. Increase in the hatchability of egg, larval survival rate and the shorten larval life span and increased pupation rates supplemented by rainfall (i.e. continous flooding of the containers stimulate the continuous hatching of eggs which laid on the inside walls of the containers) were observed to be correlated with the increased in population density of Ae.aegypti during the raining season in Yangon.
Subject(s)
Aedes , Entomology , MyanmarABSTRACT
The efficacy of aquarium fish Trichogaster trichopterus as a larvivorous fish was tried out in the laboratory and its predatory rate was found to be 1269 larvae per 24-hour exposure in glass bowl with 1.5 litre of water. Based on this finding a small scale field trial was carried out domestic containers including metal drums, glazwd earthern jars, and concrete tanks with Aedes aegypti breeding in Ngadatkyi North Qr., Bahan. The results show that this fish is an efficient biological larval control agent in domestic water containers.
Subject(s)
Cyprinodontiformes , Lava , MyanmarSubject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/physiology , Breeding , Female , Larva/physiology , Myanmar , Seasons , Social Environment , Water SupplyABSTRACT
92 Kayah, Taungthu, Shan, Danu, Pa-oh and Kaypar children and adults of both sexes in the 5 to 25-year age group of Chike, Thaysoele, Frusoe, Ywadanshe, Pankan, Mineloneyat and Sintaung villages of Loikaw Township were surveyed for intestinal parasites in May 1969. Stool samples were collected in screwcapped plastics containers of 50 ml capacity, preserved in 5 per cent formol-saline and then transported to Rangoon for microscopic examination. Coverglass preparation of faeces were examined directly in normal saline, 1 per cent eosin and lugol's iodine respectively. Each specimen was also examined after concentration by Ritchie's (1948) formol-ether method as modified by Ridley and Hawgood (1956). The prevalence rates for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, Entcrohius vermicularis (corrected prevalence), Hymenolepis nana and Entamocba coli were 46.73 , 25.00, 13.00, 22.00, 1.09 and 1.09 per cent respectively.