Application of magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction in liver fat quantification / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatic steatosis can be observed in chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. The main predisposing factors for hepatic steatosis include chronic viral hepatitis， cholestatic liver disease， alcoholic liver disease， and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Simple fatty liver disease is the initial manifestation of hepatic steatosis， followed by steatohepatitis， liver fibrosis， liver cirrhosis， and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With the development of medical imaging technology， magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction （MRI-PDFF） has been widely used in the diagnosis of fatty liver disease （FLD） in clinical practice. MRI-PDFF is gradually becoming the gold standard for the noninvasive diagnosis of FLD due to its high accuracy and good repeatability. This article reviews the clinical application of MRI-PDFF in liver fat quantification and related research advances.

Relationship between cerebrovascular reserve capacity and white matter lesions in the elderly based on magnetic resonance imaging / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity and white matter lesions in elderly people. Methods We included 315 participants aged ≥ 60 years in Jinan area of Shandong Province from May 2018 to July 2019. They underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for assessing CVR, breath holding index (BHI), and arterial pulsatility index (PI). According to CVR capacity, they were divided into normal CVR group (CVR ≥ 20%, n = 206) and impaired CVR group (CVR < 20%, n = 109). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate periventricular, subcortical, and total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and Fazekas scores. Results Compared with the normal CVR group, the impaired CVR group showed significantly higher volumes of periventricular, subcortical, and total WMHs and significantly higher proportions of Fazekas scores ≥ 2 (P < 0.01). Periventricular, subcortical, and total WMH volumes were negatively correlated with CVR (r = −0.70, −0.66, −0.73, P < 0.01) and BHI (r = −0.64, −0.65, −0.68, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with PI (r = 0.60, 0.65, 0.65, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, periventricular, subcortical, and total WMH volumes were still negatively correlated with CVR and BHI (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with PI (P < 0.01). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of periventricular, subcortical, and total Fazekas score ≥ 2 in the impaired CVR group were 1.96 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17−3.27, P < 0.01), 1.84 times (95% CI: 1.11−3.05, P < 0.05), and 2.33 times (95% CI: 1.30−4.18, P < 0.01) that of the normal CVR group, respectively. Conclusion Impaired CVR is an independent risk factor for white matter lesions in the elderly.

Boosting synergism of chemo- and immuno-therapies via switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis by bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules

Conventional chemotherapy based on cytotoxic drugs is facing tough challenges recently following the advances of monoclonal antibodies and molecularly targeted drugs. It is critical to inspire new potential to remodel the value of this classical therapeutic strategy. Here, we fabricate bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules (BC-LNPs) and load paclitaxel (PTX) to boost the chemo- and immuno-therapeutic synergism of cytotoxic drugs. Alendronate in BC-LNPs@PTX, a bisphosphonate to block mevalonate metabolism, works as both the structure and drug constituent in nanogranules, where alendronate coordinated with calcium ions to form the particle core. The synergy of alendronate enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel, suppresses tumor metastasis, and alters the cytotoxic mechanism. Differing from the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, the involvement of alendronate inhibits the mevalonate metabolism, changes the mitochondrial morphology, disturbs the redox homeostasis, and causes the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and lethal lipid peroxides (LPO). These factors finally trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells, an immunogenic cell death mode, which remodels the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and synergizes with immunotherapy. Therefore, by switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis, BC-LNPs@PTX provides new insight into the development of cytotoxic drugs and highlights the potential of metabolism regulation in cancer therapy.

Median effective dose of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to laryngeal mask airway insertion in children / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To determine the median effective dose(ED 50) of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to the laryngeal mask airway(LMA) insertion in children. Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ children, aged 6-10 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, undergoing facial skin pigmented nevus resection, were selected. Propofol(target plasma concentration 3 μg/ml) was given by the target-controlled infusion, alfentanil was intravenously injected, 2 min later LMA was inserted, and anesthesia was maintained with 2%-3% sevoflurane until the end of surgery. The dose of alfentanil was determined by the up-and-down sequential method, the initial dose of alfentanil was 15 μg/kg, when the response to LMA insertion was positive/negative, the dose of alfentanil increased/decreased by 1 μg/kg in the next case. The LMA insertion response was defined as swallowing, bucking, body movement occurred during insertion of the LMA, and this process was repeated until 7th turning points appeared. The ED 50 and 95% confidence interval of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion in children were calculated using probit method. Results:The ED 50 of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion was 13.18(95% confidence interval 12.43-13.79) μg/kg in children. Conclusions:The ED 50 of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion is 13.18 μg/kg in children.

Role of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway-mediated ferroptosis in midazolam-induced reduction of HIBD in neonatal rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) signaling pathway-mediated ferroptosis in midazolam-induced reduction of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.Methods:Ninety healthy 7-day-old neonatal rats, weighing 16-20 g, were divided into 6 groups ( n=15 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), HIBD group, low-dose midazolam (10 mg/kg) group (group L), medium-dose midazolam (20 mg/kg) group (group M), high-dose midazolam (40 mg/kg) group (group H), and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group (group I). The HIBD model was developed by ligating the left carotid artery and exposing to a hypoxic condition for 2 h in anesthetized animals. Starting from 2nd day after developing the model, the corresponding doses of midazolam were intraperitoneally injected in midazolam groups, the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in Sham and HIBD groups, midazolam 40 mg/kg and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 30 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected once a day for 8 consecutive days in group I. The rats were weighed and subjected to the Morris water maze test after the end of administration. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta after the end of the Morris water maze test, and then the animals were sacrificed to remove the brain for determination of the concentrations of serum iron, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), contents of iron and GSH in hippocampal tissues (by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and micro method), the number of Nrf2/neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and GPX4/NeuN positive cells (by immunofluorescent staining), and expression of Nrf2, GPX4, and 4-hydroxynonaenoic acid (4-HNE) in hippocampal tissues and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in brain tissues (after HE staining and Nissl staining). Results:Compared with Sham group, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the origional platform was reduced, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, the iron content in the hippocampal tissues was increased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was down-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was up-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased, and the injury to hippocampal neurons was marked in HIBD group ( P<0.05). Compared with HIBD group, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the origional platform was increased, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was prolonged, the iron content in the hippocampus tissues was decreased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were increased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was up-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was down-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased ( P<0.05), and the injury to hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced in H, M and L groups. Compared with group H, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the origional platform was reduced, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, the iron content in the hippocampus tissue was increased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was down-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was up-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased ( P<0.05), and the injury to hippocampal neurons was aggravated in group I. Conclusions:The mechanism by which midazolam reduces HIBD may be related to activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis in neonatal rats.

Complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children 's Hospital.Methods:The clinical data of 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 334 central venous catheters were used in 310 chidren. Among the 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization, 102 children (30.54%) had complications related to central venous catheterization. The complications related to central venous catheterization included catheter infection (13.17%), catheter malposition (8.38%), exudation at the puncture site (4.79%), catheter occlusion (2.99%), accidental removal (0.60%), and central venous thrombosis (0.60%). Central venous catheters were removed in 82 children (24.55%) because of complications. There was a significant difference in the incidence of central venous thrombosis among three surgical approaches: femoral vein, internal jugular vein, and subclavian vein ( χ2 = 7.06, P = 0.029). Longer time for catheterization resulted in a higher incidence of complications, including catheter-related infection ( χ2 = 7.17, P = 0.028), puncture point exudation and obstruction ( χ2 = 8.59, P = 0.014), central venous thrombosis ( χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.034). Regression analysis showed that suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites were the main risk factors for catheter-related complications (suture shedding OR = 4.85, P = 0.001; bleeding at the insertion sites OR = 1.83, P = 0.008). Conclusion:The most common complications of central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children's Hospital include catheter-related infection, catheter malposition, and puncture site exudation. Risk factors for complications during catheter retention include suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites.

The impact of online teaching on dermatology study in eight-year program medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of online teaching on dermatology study in the undergraduate stage of the eight-year program medical students of Peking University Third Hospital.Methods:Questionnaires were administered before and after dermatology theoretical lectures and probation among the eight-year program medical students of the Peking University Third Hospital. Online teaching in 2020 was compared with offline teaching from 2016 to 2019. Written examination was taken after studying and the results were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 was used to conduct t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The total number of students that received online teaching was 53, and the response rate of the questionnaire was 75.5(80/106); the number of students receiving offline teaching was 166 and the response rate of the questionnaire was 99.1% (329/332). After dermatology theoretical lectures and probation, the scores of the written examination of online teaching were better than those of offline teaching ( P<0.001). The self-evaluation of the diagnostic ability of urticaria in students that received online teaching was lower than that in offline teaching students ( P=0.008); whereas the importance rating of dermatology department in hospitals ( P<0.001) and the interest in dermatology ( P=0.002) were significantly higher in online teaching than offline teaching. No significant differences were found in the self-evaluation of the diagnostic ability of eczema and acne, the willingness to be a dermatologist, difficulty rating in dermatology study, etc. Sixty percent (24/40) of students submitted open suggestions, and the most suggestion was to increase offline probation [22.5%(9/40). Conclusion:The online teaching of dermatology theoretical lectures and probation may be better for students' knowledge than offline teaching and they can also stimulate students' interest in learning. However, students' confidence in the diagnosis and treatment of certain common disease might be slightly lower in online teaching than in offline teaching. The combination of online and offline teaching might provide more advantages in the future. The form and content of online teaching also urgently need to be further improved in practice.

Survey on satisfaction of clinical interns under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the satisfaction of clinical interns to the department and teachers under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice, and to explore the feasibility to further implement the mode in clinical practice.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to design the scale, which included the importance attached by department to the teaching work, the rationality of the arrangement of practice content, the implementation of teaching activities, the quality of teaching activities, the status of out-department examination, the demonstration of medical ethics of teachers, the teaching attitude and knowledge lecturing of teachers, the revision of medical records and the guidance of skills operation, etc. The questionnaire survey was conducted among clinical interns in a hospital from July 2018 to June 2019. SPSS 22.0 was used to conduct t test or rank sum test of two independent samples, and the analysis of multiple groups of data was performed by means of variance analysis. Results:A total of 1 230 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 195 were returned, with an effective recovery rate of 97.15%. The overall satisfaction of interns was (9.62±0.39). The interns gave the highest evaluation on the medical ethics and medical style of the teacher (9.75±0.78), and the lowest evaluation on the teaching quality of all departments (9.52±1.15). There were significant differences among the evaluations ( F=7.30, P<0.001). Conclusion:Under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice management, all teaching and research sections and departments have fulfilled various teaching tasks according to the requirements, but the teaching quality and connotation construction need to be further strengthened.

A review of patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion / 中国实用护理杂志

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is one of the classic procedures for the treatment of cervical spondylosis, and dysphagia is a common perioperative complication of this procedure, which affects patients′ recovery to different degrees. This paper summarizes and analyzes the perioperative assessment and interventions in the care of patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, aiming to improve clinical nursing staff′s attention to dysphagia in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of high-risk groups.

Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, thrombosis, and hypertension, are a great economic burden and threat to human health and are the major cause of death worldwide. Recently, researchers have begun to appreciate the role of microbial ecosystems within the human body in contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota functions as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive metabolites that participate in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and their dysfunction can directly influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We also highlight the mechanism by which well-documented gut microbiota-derived metabolites, especially trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and phenylacetylglutamine, promote or inhibit the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of altering the gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites to improve or prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of moxibustion at "Mingmen" (GV 4) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on immune function in healthy rats based on intestinal flora / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Mingmen" (GV 4) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on immune function and intestinal flora in healthy rats, thereby investigating the underlying mechanism of moxibustion on immune function.@*METHODS@#Twenty 8-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into a young blank group and a young moxibustion group, with 10 rats in each group. Similarly, twenty 8-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into a middle-aged blank group and a middle-aged moxibustion group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the two moxibustion groups received moxibustion at "Mingmen" (GV 4) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4), 15 min per session, once daily, five times a week, for a total of four months. The rats in the two blank groups were fed under normal conditions. After the intervention, thymus and spleen indexes were calculated; the morphology of thymus and spleen tissues was observed using HE staining; the flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD and CD T lymphocytes and the CD/CD ratio was calculated; ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-17 (IL-17); 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal flora. Additionally, the correlation between the relative abundance of intestinal flora and serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the young blank group, the young moxibustion group exhibited an increase in the cortical area of thymus tissue with tighter lymphocyte arrangement; compared with the middle-aged blank group, the middle-aged moxibustion group showed an increase in thymus index (P<0.05) and an increase in the cortical area of thymus tissue. There were no significant differences in spleen index between the 2 moxibustion groups and the 2 blank groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of CD, CD, and CD/CD ratio between the 2 moxibustion groups and the corresponding blank groups (P>0.05). Compared with the young blank group, the young moxibustion group had elevated IL-6 level (P<0.05); compared with the middle-aged blank group, the middle-aged moxibustion group had decreased IL-10 and IL-17 levels (P<0.05). Compared with the young blank group, the young moxibustion group exhibited increased Sobs index, Ace index, and Chao index (P<0.01, P<0.05), as well as increased relative abundance of Spirochaetota, Treponema, Turicibacter, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P<0.05), and decreased relative abundance of Dubosiella (P<0.05). Compared with the middle-aged blank group, the middle-aged moxibustion group had increased relative abundance of Spirochaetota, Treponema, norank_f_Peptococcaceae (P<0.05), and decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Allobaculum, and Faecalibaculum (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that relative abundance of Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group and unclassified _f_Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with serum TNF-α level (r=-0.39, P=0.03; r=-0.24, P=0.04), while relative abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 and Lactobacillus was positively correlated with serum TNF-α level (r=0.37, P=0.04; r=0.43, P=0.02). The relative abundance of Roseburia and Monoglobus was negatively correlated with serum IFN-γ level (r=-0.40, P=0.02; r=-0.44, P=0.01), while relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with serum IL-10 level (r=0.43, P=0.02).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could improve immune function in healthy rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of relative abundance of intestinal flora.

VIGS Silencing SlWRKY53b Gene Inhibits Tomato Fruit Ripening / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tomato (Solarium lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide and is a classic model plant for studying fruit development and ripening due to its short growth cycle, clear genetic background and ease of molecular manipulation. This paper used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to construct SlWRKY53b gene-silenced tomato fruits and analyzed the effect of SIWRKY531) gene silencing in the tomato fruit ripening process. We found that transient silencing of SIWRKY531) resulted indelayed in-broken color, higher chlorophyll contents (P<0.05) and reduced carotenoid contents (P<0.05) in tomato fruits, and color difference results indicated that the differences in L *, a * and b * values were consistent with fruit color changes. Further studies showed that genes significantly down-regulated (P<0.01) in SIWRKY531) gene-silenced tomato fruits include the chlorophyll degradation-related genes (AFCl, PAO, PPH, SGR1), carotenoid synthesis-related genes (PSYl, PDS, ZDS), ethylene synthesis pathway-related genes (ACOl, ACS2, NOR, AC03, EA, RIN), and cell wall degradation-related genes (PG, EXP, CELT.). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of SlWRKY53b was negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents and positively correlated with carotenoid contents and the expression of maturation-related genes. These results suggest that inhibition of SIWRKY531) expression at the transcrip-tional level can achieve the effect of delaying tomato fruit ripening, indicating that S1WRKY531) plays arole as a facilitator in the tomato fruit ripening process.

Body characteristics of adults from 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group in China / 解剖学报

Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group. Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data. Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li. Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk.

Anatomy of the original short head of biceps-muscular structure / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze and describe the morphological characteristics of the proximal origin of the biceps brachii, and measure the anatomical data of its tendons, so as to provide references for related clinical applications of the biceps brachii. Methods Six adult shoulder specimens (4 on the left and 2 on the right) were dissected to observe the origin, morphology, and course of the biceps brachii tendon and its adjacent relationship with the coracobrachialis muscle, musculocutaneous nerve and other structures. And then the length, width, and thickness of the biceps tendon were measured. Results The origin of the short head of biceps consisted of muscle fibers attaching directly to the tip of the coracoid process, with a thin, tendinous aponeurosis covering its anterior surface, rather than a true tendon as previously described. The mean of length,widths and thickness of the short head of biceps were (107.7±9.6) mm,(20.0±1.5)mm and (5.8±2.0)mm. Conclusion The short head of the biceps brachii is directly from the coracoid process with muscle fibers.

Expression and effect of roundabout guidance receptor 1 during valproate induced neural stem cells differentiation / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the expression and role of roundabout guidance receptor 1 (Robo1) in the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by valproate (VPA). Methods The hippocampus NSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultured. Normal NSCs and VPA-treated NSCs were extracted from 10 SD rats. After VPA treatment, the proportion of neuron-specific marker β-tubulin III (Tuj1) positive neurons differentiated from NSCs were detected by immunofluorescence. The differentially expressed mRNA in normal NSCs and VPA-induced NSCs were detected by gene chip technology. After VPA treatment, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The dynamic changes of Robo1 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR after the differentiation of NSCs. After the expression of Robo1 was down-regulated in NSCs by small interfering RNA, the expression of Robo1 protein was detected by Western blotting, and the expression levels of neuron-specific markers Tuj1 and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) were detected by Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Results VPA induced NSCs to differentiate into neurons. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein in the differentiation of NSCs were significantly up-regulated during valproate treatment. After interference of Robo1 expression, not only Robo1 upregulation was inhibited during the differentiation of NSCs induced by VPA, but also the proportion of NSCs differentiated into neurons decreased. Conclusion VPA may promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons by up-regulating the expression of Robo1.

Effects of astrocytes on the proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampal microenvironment of old and young adults / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of astrocytes on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult and juvenile hippocampus microenvironment. Methods Hippocampal astrocytes were isolated and cultured from 5 female SD rats at day 1 and week 30 postnatal, respectively; Embryonic hippocampus NSCs was isolated and cultured from 1 SD rat at day 15 of gestation; Conditioned astrocyte culture medium(CM) was collected for NSCs culture; Flow cytometry and CCK-8 were used to detect the proliferation of NSCs cultured in CM. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) with differential expression was screened by mass spectrometry after cultured astrocyte CM. Western blotting and ELISA were used to verify the result of mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and CCK-8 were used to detect the proliferation of NSCs treated with different concentrations of CSF-1 recombinant protein (20 μg/ L, 100 μg/ L, 1 mg/ L and 5 mg/ L). Results Compared with the adult group, the CM of hippocampal astrocytes in the young group could promote the proliferation of NSCs(P<0. 01); Compared with the conditioned medium of hippocampal astrocytes in the juvenile group, the expression of CSF-1 in the hippocampus of the elder group was significantly up-regulated(P<0. 01); At 20 μg/ L, CSF-1 promoted the proliferation of NSCs(P<0. 01), and 5 mg/ L CSF-1 inhibited significantly the proliferation of NSCs(P<0. 01). Conclusion The secretion of CSF-1 by astrocytes in hippocampal microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of NSCs with the development of the times.

Nutritional physical indexes, obesity status and their warning effect on hypertension among Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.

Triapine induces ferroptosis via ROS/GSH/GPX4 axis in A549 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the induction of ferroptosis of Triapine in non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, and its mechanism. Methods The effects of Triapine on the proliferation of A549 cells were assessed by MTT assay and colony formation assay; the effect of intracellular ROS levels of Triapine treated A549 cells was studied by DCFH-DA probe; the intracellular glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides (LPO) levels of A549 cells were detected by the kits after treating with Triapine; the effects of Triapine on the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in A549 cells were analyzed by Western blot; the changes of GPX4 level and cell viability were evaluated for the cells intervened with ROS inhibitor. Results Triapine could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells, and the IC

Artesunate inhibits development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating expression of Skp2 and P21 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To clarify the regulatory effect of Artesunate(ART) on tumor cell function and cell cycle in the pathological process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods KYSE450 and TE14 cells were treated with different concentrations of ART. The cells treated with 0 mg •L

Clinical analysis of long-term survival and influencing factors of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the survival and influencing factors of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) . Methods: Clinical information of patients who received CAR-T-cell therapy and achieved complete remission of R/R B-ALL between May 2015 and June 2018 at the Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital was obtained. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) times of patients, and Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the prognostic factors that affect patient survival after CAR-T therapy. Results: Among the 38 patients with R/R B-ALL, 21 were men, with a median age of 25 (6-59) years and a median OS time of 18 (95% CI 3-33) months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive MLL-AF4 fusion gene expression was an independent risk factor for OS and LFS (OS: HR=4.888, 95% CI 1.375-17.374, P=0.014; LFS: HR=6.683, 95% CI 1.815-24.608, P=0.004). Maintenance therapy was a protective factor for OS and LFS (OS: HR=0.153, 95% CI 0.054-0.432, P<0.001; LFS: HR=0.138, 95% CI 0.050-0.382, P<0.001). In patients with MRD negative conversion, LFS benefit (HR=0.209, 95% CI 0.055-0.797, P=0.022) and OS difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.111). Moreover, patients with high tumor burden were risk factors for OS and LFS at the level of 0.1 (OS: HR=2.662, 95% CI 0.987-7.184, P=0.053; LFS: HR=2.452, 95% CI 0.949-6.339, P=0.064) . Conclusion: High tumor burden and high-risk genetics may affect the long-term survival rate of patients with R/R B-ALL receiving CAR-T, and lenalidomide-based maintenance therapy may improve their prognosis.