Technical status and development trends of electronic tongue / 药学学报

Electronic tongue is one kind of bionic detection technologies, which can objectively reflect the taste of drugs based on electrochemical principle. In this paper, the development histories of electronic tongue both of potential type and voltammetry type were introduced, including their detection principles and key innovation technologies. In order to comprehensively improve the understanding of electronic tongue, its technological progresses, such as the study of dedicated sensors or biosensors for specific tastes, and the development of miniaturized or hybrid devices, were also discussed in detail. And the challenges and countermeasures in the application of electronic tongue were analyzed to provide some suggestions for its further technology promotion.

Application progress of electronic tongue on taste evaluation for drug products / 药学学报

The taste of oral dosage forms has become a critical factor affecting the drug compliance and adherence to the treatment, and clinical application of the drug product may seriously restricted due to its bad taste. On the basis of the statement for the basic principle and specific performance of existing instruments, the application progress of electronic tongue on drug taste evaluation is addressed in detail. In view of its objective, fatigue-free, less harmful and accurate advantages, electronic tongue has been widely and meaningfully applied in the aspects of bitterness masking, and quality assessment and assurance of drug products. In addition, the reasons limiting the popularization of electronic tongue are mentioned in the paper, and some suggestions might be useful to enlarge the further application in the future.

Establishment and application of the ten-fold rehydration formula for emergency resuscitation of pediatric patients after extensive burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the scientificity and feasibility of the ten-fold rehydration formula for emergency resuscitation of pediatric patients after extensive burns. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. The total burn area of 30%-100% total body surface area (TBSA) and body weight of 6-50 kg in 433 pediatric patients (250 males and 183 females, aged 3 months to 14 years) with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the burn departments of 72 Class A tertiary hospitals were collected. The 6 319 pairs of simulated data were constructed after pairing each body weight of 6-50 kg (programmed in steps of 0.5 kg) and each total burn area of 30%-100% TBSA (programmed in steps of 1%TBSA). They were put into three accepted pediatric rehydration formulae, namely the commonly used domestic pediatric rehydration formula for burn patients (hereinafter referred to as the domestic rehydration formula), the Galveston formula, and the Cincinnati formula, and the two rehydration formulae for pediatric emergency, namely the simplified resuscitation formula for emergency care of patients with extensive burns proposed by the World Health Organization's Technical Working Group on Burns (TWGB, hereinafter referred to as the TWGB formula) and the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula proposed by the author of this article--rehydration rate (mL/h)=body weight (kg) × 10 (mL·kg-1·h-1) to calculate the rehydration rate within 8 h post injury (hereinafter referred to as the rehydration rate). The range of the results of the 3 accepted pediatric rehydration formulae ±20% were regarded as the reasonable rehydration rate, and the accuracy rates of rehydration rate calculated using the two pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were compared. Using the maximum burn areas (55% and 85% TBSA) corresponding to the reasonable rehydration rate calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula at the body weight of 6 and 50 kg respectively, the total burn area of 30% to 100% TBSA was divided into 3 segments and the accuracy rates of the rehydration rate calculated using the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae in each segment were compared. When neither of the rehydration rates calculated by the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae was reasonable, the differences between the two rehydration rates were compared. The distribution of 433 pediatric patients in the 3 previous total burn area segments was counted and the accuracy rates of the rehydration rate calculated using the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were calculated and compared. Data were statistically analyzed with McNemar test. Results: Substitution of 6 319 pairs of simulated data showed that the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula was 73.92% (4 671/6 319), which was significantly higher than 4.02% (254/6 319) of the TWGB formula (χ2=6 490.88,P<0.05). When the total burn area was 30%-55% and 56%-85% TBSA, the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula were 100% (2 314/2 314) and 88.28% (2 357/2 670), respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.98% (254/2 314) and 0 (0/2 670) of the TWGB formula (with χ2 values of 3 712.49 and 4 227.97, respectively, P<0.05); when the total burn area was 86%-100% TBSA, the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula and the TWGB formula were 0 (0/1 335). When the rehydration rates calculated by the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were unreasonable, the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula were all higher than those of the TWGB formula. There were 93.07% (403/433), 5.77% (25/433), and 1.15% (5/433) patients in the 433 pediatric patients had total burn area of 30%-55%, 56%-85%, and 86%-100% TBSA, respectively, and the accuracy rate of the rehydration rate calculated using the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula was 97.69% (423/433), which was significantly higher than 0 (0/433) of the TWGB formula (χ2=826.90, P<0.05). Conclusions: The application of the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula to estimate the rehydration rate of pediatric patients after extensive burns is more accurate and convenient, superior to the TWGB formula, suitable for application by front-line healthcare workers that are not specialized in burns in pre-admission rescue of pediatric patients with extensive burns, and is worthy of promotion.

Effect of Liquiritigenin on Intestinal Flora in Ovariectomized APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of liquiritigenin （LG） on intestinal flora in menopausal APP/PS1 mice. MethodsA total of forty 3-month-old female APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into sham surgery group （n=20） and ovariectomy group （n=20）. Seven days after surgery， the ovariectomy group was randomly divided into ovariectomy control group （OVX， n=10）， ovariectomy + liquiritigenin treatment group （OVX + LG， n=10）， and the sham surgery group was randomly divided into liquiritigenin treatment group （LG， n=10） and reagent control group （Sham， n=10）， and ten C57BL/6J mice were taken as WT group. The dose of LG group and OVX + LG group was 30 mg•kg-1•d-1. After 90 days of drug treatment， fecal samples were gathered， genomes were extracted， and intestinal flora were analyzed by 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing. Morris water maze was performed to evaluate learning and memory abilities of mice. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the deposition of senile plaques （SP） in the brain of mice. ResultsThe results of water maze showed that LG significantly improved the learning memory ability of APP/PS1 mice with/without OVX （P<0.05）， and reduced the number of SPs in the brain of APP/PS1 mice with/without OVX， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.000 1）. 16s rDNA sequencing analysis of the relative abundance of gut microbiota proved that LG treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus （P<0.05） and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria belong to Bacteroidetes （P<0.05） in APP/PS1 mice intestines with/without menopause. After LG treatment， the relative abundance of Allobaculun elevated in the intestines of APP/PS1 mice， while declined in the intestines of menopausal APP/PS1 mice， but the difference was not statistically significant. LEfSe analysis revealed the bacteria with the most differential abundance of the gut microbiota of WT mice were Firmicutes， Bacillus， and Lactobacillales （P<0.05）； Lactobacillus reuteri had a greater influence on the LG group （P<0.05）； Bacteroidia， Bacteroidales and Bacteroides gathered in the intestines of mice in the Sham group （P<0.05）. Firmicutes and Allobaculum were the dominant in the WT group （P<0.05）； Bacteroides， Bacteroidia and Bacteroidales were more abundant in the Sham group（P<0.05）； Bacterroidaceae and Bacteroides had the most differential abundances in the OVX group （P<0.05）； Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the intestines in the OVX + LG group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLG could improve the ratio of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestines of APP/PS1 mice before and after menopause. Liquiritigenin treatment showed consistent variations in intestinal flora in APP/PS1 mice with or without ovariectomy. It is presumed that menopausal APP/PS1 mice have lipid metabolism disorders which requires further study.

Research Progress on the Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Multiple Myeloma --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Bone marrow microenvironment is a highly complex environment surrounding tumor, which plays an important role in the survival, proliferation, drug resistance and migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. As an important cellular component in tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) has attracted attention due to its key role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Targeting TAM has shown potential therapeutic value in cancer treatment. In order to clarify the role of macrophages in MM progression, it is necessary to understand the differentiation of TAM and its characteristics of promoting MM. This paper reviews the research progress on how TAM is programmed in MM and the mechanism of TAM promoting tumor development and drug resistance.

Effects of overexpression of human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 and human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 on rats with myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of recombinant adenovirus with human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (Ad-hVEGF 165) and recombinant adenovirus with human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Ad-hTIMP-1) on rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and its mechanism. Methods:A total of 30 healthy 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham-operated group (sham), virus control group (Ad-Track), Ad-hVEGF 165 group, Ad-hTIMP-1 group and Ad-hVEGF 165+Ad-hTIMP-1 group (hVEGF 165+hTIMP-1) ( n=6 per group). Except the sham group, all rats were ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI model with ST-segment elevation and Q waves or T-wave inversion on electrocardiogram and local myocardial whitening. The corresponding recombinant adenovirus comprising 100 μL (1×10 10 VP/100 μL) combined with NaCl solution was injected into the myocardial infarction area at four points respectively. The sham group received no treatment. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed after echocardiography was completed and heart tissues were collected. The expression of hVEGF 165 and hTIMP-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related factors were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression of apoptosis-related factors were detected by immunohistochemistry. Differences between groups were determined by One-way analysis of variance. Multiple comparisons between groups were performed using the least significant difference t-test. Results:(1) Both heart rate (HR) (480.83±24.09) beats/min, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (6.88±0.44) mm and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) (4.85±0.42) mm were increased in the Ad-Track group than those in the sham group (433.16±17.86) beats/min, (6.20±0.45) mm, (4.06±0.70) mm (all P<0.05), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (62.70±3.17) % and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) (29.52±1.88) % were significantly decreased in the Ad-Track group than those in the sham group (72.78±5.44)%, (29.52±1.88) % (both P<0.01). Compared with the Ad-Track group, LVEF (71.50±6.23) % and LVFS (36.17±5.27) % in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were significantly increased (both P<0.01), and LVEDD (6.22±0.39) mm and LVESD (4.13±0.23) mm were decreased (both P<0.05). LVEF and LVFS in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were increased significantly than those in the Ad-hVEGF 165 group (64.65±4.00) %, (30.95±2.57) % (both P<0.05). The mRNA expression of BCL2-associated X protein (Bax), cysteine aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3) and BCL-xL/BCL-2-associated death promoter (Bad) in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were decreased than those in the Ad-Track group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were increased than those in the Ad-Track group ( P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were decreased than those in the Ad-hVEGF 165 group (both P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Bad, and Bcl-2 between the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group and the sham group (all P>0.05). The protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group were significantly decreased than those in the Ad-hVEGF 165 group, the Ad-hTIMP-1 group and the Ad-Track group (all P<0.01), and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group was increased than those in the Ad-hVEGF 165 group, the Ad-hTIMP-1 group and the Ad-Track group (all P<0.05). There were no statistically differences in the protein expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 between the hVEGF 165-hTIMP-1 group and the sham group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ad-hVEGF 165 and Ad-hTIMP-1 can improve cardiac contractile function of MI rats and the beneficial effects are largely attributable to inhibiting myocyte apoptosis. The combination of hVEGF 165 and hTIMP-1 may have a synergistic effect on MI.

Cell death of intestinal epithelial cells in intestinal diseases / 生理学报

Gut injury continues to be the devastating and unpredictable critical illness associated with increased cell death of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The IECs, immune system and microbiome are the interrelated entities to maintain normal intestinal homeostasis and barrier integrity. In response to microbial invasion, IEC cell death occurs to maintain intestinal epithelium function and retain the continuous renewal and tissue homeostasis. But the imbalance of IEC cell death results in increased intestinal permeability and barrier dysfunction that leads to several acute and chronic intestinal diseases, such as intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), sepsis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), etc. During the pathophysiological state, the excessive IEC apoptotic cell death leads to a chronic inflammatory condition, later switches to necroptotic cell death mechanism that induces more pathological features than apoptosis and may also induce other lytic cell death mechanisms like pyroptosis and ferroptosis to increase the pathogenesis of the intestinal diseases. But still, there remains gaps in the fundamental knowledge about the IEC cell death mechanisms in chronic intestinal diseases. Together, a deep understanding of the specific cell death mechanisms underlying chronic intestinal diseases, including sepsis, IBD, NEC, and intestinal I/R, is desperately needed to develop emerging novel promising therapeutic strategies. This review aims to show how the acute and critical illness in the gut are driven by IEC cell death mechanism, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.

NRAS Gene Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mutation rate and distribution of Homo sapiens neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) gene in the patients with acute myeloid leukemia.@*METHODS@#The genomic DNA of bone marrow was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing for NRAS mutations. At the same time, the mutations of ASXL1, DNMT3A, TET2, CEBPA, FLT3, IDH2, NPM1 and c-KIT genes were also detected to analyze the relation with NRAS mutations.@*RESULTS@#A total of 11 NRAS mutations were found in 108 patients with initial acute myeloid leukemia and the mutation rate was 10.2%, including 6 cases of G12D, 3 cases of G13D, and 2 cases of G61K. In the mutation group, the peripheral blood leukocyte count was higher (P＜0.05), more likely to occur in the M subtype, and the M subtype was mutually exclusive (P＜0.05). Moreover, the mutant group was more likely to express CD13 than the non-mutation group (P＜0.05), while no statistic difference was found in age, gender, hemoglobin level, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase level, bone marrow blast, cytogenetics, complete remission rate and overall survival (P＞0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mutation of NRAS gene has no effect on the prognosis of AML patients.

LY294002 Enhaces Chemosensitivity of K562 Cells to Daunorubicin / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the proliferation inhibition and pro-apoptosis effect of LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibtor) combined with daunorubicin (DNR) on the chronic myeloid leurenia cell line K562 and its possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The effect of LY294002 and DNR on the proliferation of K562 cells in different treating time and concentration were measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, the mRNA and protein expression of SKP2 , P27, BCL-2 and BAX were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#LY294002 and DNR were able to inhibit the growth of K562 cells and promote apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05), both the cell proliferation-inhibiting rate and apoptosis rate in combination therapy group were higher than that in DNR-monotherapy group (P＜0.05). After K562 cells treated by LY294002 combined DNR for 36 h, the cells were statistically significantly reduced in G/M phase (P＜0.05), as compared with control group and DNR group. Compared with DNR group, the cell level of G/G phase rased (P＜0.05) and cell level of S phase decreased (P＞0.05). Compared with DNR group, the expresson of SKP2 and BCL-2 mRNA decreased, and the expression of P27 mRNA increased in the combination therapy group (P＜0.05). The expression of BAX mRNA was not significantly different between different groups. The same result was found in the protein expression.@*CONCLUSION@#LY294002 has the sensibilizative effect on DNR chemotherapy, which may be relative with blocking the cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.

Expression of lncRNA BC200 in non-small cell lung cancer and its significance / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of a long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), BC200 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyze its correlation with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, E-cad-herin, N-cadherin, and Snail. Methods: Sixty NSCLC and sixty paired adjacent tissue samples were collected to detect the BC200 levels. Furthermore, 40 samples of NSCLC and 40 samples of normal lung tissues were collected to quantify the messenger RNA (mRNA) lev-els of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between the BC200 level and mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail was explored in NSCLC tissues. The correlation between BC200 and clinical pathologi-cal parameters (gender, age, TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic type) was also analyzed. Receiver operat-ing characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of BC200. Immunohistochemical staining was per-formed to determine the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail in 40 specimens of NSCLC and 20 specimens of normal lung tissue and their correlation to the expression levels of BC200 was evaluated. Results: 1) The expression of BC200, N-cadherin mRNA, and Snail mRNA was significantly upregulated in the tumor tissues when compared to that in normal lung tissues (P<0.05). The expression of E-cadherin mRNA was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in the normal lung tissues (P<0.05). 2) The positive rate of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail in NSCLC was 40% (16/40) , 57.5% (23/40), and 57.5% (23/40), respectively, while that of normal lung tissues was 95% (19/20), 5% (1/20), and 10% (2/20), respectively. There was a significant difference between these two data sets (P<0.05). 3) BC200 is highly expressed in the NSCLC tissues. The high expression of BC200 in lung cancer was correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and positive rate of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail. The expression of BC200 in NSCLC tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin mRNA (r=-0.31, P<0.05) and positively correlated with the expression of Snail and N-cadherin mRNA (r=0.305, r=0.257, P<0.05). 4) ROC analysis of BC200 indicated a potential diagnostic value of BC200 levels in NSCLC . Conclusions: BC200 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues, which was correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail positive rate. The expression of BC200 in NSCLC tissues was negatively correlated with E-cadherin and positively correlated with Snail and N-cadherin. BC200 may regulate the invasion and migration ability of NSCLC by EMT. BC200 may be a potential tumor marker for NSCLC diagnosis.

An analysis on impact of different parameters for radiation dosage of enhanced CT of chest / 中国医学装备

Objective: To explore the diagnostic dosage of enhanced computed tomography (CT) of chest and its influence factor through analyzed the data of radiation dosage of enhanced CT of chest. Methods: The scanning data of 297 patients who were implemented scan on 4 different CT devices were compared by using retrospective analysis. And they were divided into A, B, C and D group as different device. The differences of scan sequence among different devices were compared, and volume computed tomography dose index(CTDIvol), dose length product(DLP) and effective dose(ED) were recorded and analyzed. Results: The CTDIvols of 4 groups were (12.18±4.13), (8.86±3.18), (10.70±5.18) and 13.59mGy, respectively, and the differences among them were significant (F=38.58, P<0.05). And the DLPs of the 4 groups were (433.54±145.18), (311.62±112.75), (368.04±181.22) and (475.75±34.25)mGy·cm, and the differences among these groups were significant (F=36.33, P<0.05). Besides, the EDs of the 4 groups were (6.07±2.03), (4.36±1.58), (5.15±2.54) and (6.66±0.48) mSv, and the differences among these groups also were significant (F=36.32, P<0.05). And the comparison between any two means of radiation dosage were significant. Conclusion: The exposure dose of patients who received enhanced CT of chest was correlative with the type of CT device and acquisition parameters. And the effective dosage of patients under automatic tube current module was lower than that of fixed tube current module. And the modulation technique of current of ray tube as angle can efficiently reduce the effective dose. In clinical practice, patients' radiation dosage can be reduced by optimizing the scanning parameters.

Methylation Status and mRNA Expression of DKK-3 and WIF-1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the promoter methylation status, mRNA expression and clinical significance of DKK-3 and WIF-1 genes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) mothod was carried out to detect DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene promoter methylation status in bone marrow specimen from 56 patients with AML and 20 patients with iron deficiency anaemia(IDA) as control; then the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of DKK-3, WIF-1 gene and β -catenin in the above-mentioned specinens, and their relationship with the clinical features and survival time was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The promoter methylation rate of DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene in AML patients were significantly higher than that in control group(χ=15.330,P<0.001; χ=17.371,P<0.001). There was no relationship between DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene promoter methylation rate and AML patient's sex, age, clinical typing. The relative expression of DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene mRNA in AML group were 0.840±0.320 and 0.792±0.313, which were lower than those in control group (1.134±0.392 and 1.047±0.334) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.415,P=0.000; t=3.070, P=0.003). The relative expression of β-catenin mRNA in AML bone marrow specimens in AML group was 0.756±0.304, which was higher than that in control group(0.342±0.105), the difference was statistically significant (t=5.943, P=0.001). The expression of DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene mRNA negatively correlated with β-catenin mRNA(r=-0.543; r=-0.562). Kaplan Meier survival curve analysis showed that overall survival time in AML patients with DKK-3 gene methylation was shorter than that in the AML patients with DKK-3 gene unmethylation(χ=3.957, P=0.042). Futhermore, the orerall survival time in AML patients with WIF-1 gene methylation was also shorter than that in AML patients with WIF-1 gene unmethylation (χ=4.520, P=0.029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is abnormally activated in AML patients, the DKK-3 and WIF-1 gene promoter methylation may be involved in Wnt pathways activation and the pathogenesis of AML.</p>

Expression of Gli-1 and EMT-related proteins and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of glioma cancer-related gene homologous protein 1 (Gli-1) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, namely, Snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression levels of Gli-1, Snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in 67 cases of NSCLC and 20 cases of normal lung tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis was explored. Another 20 samples of fresh NSCLC tissues and corresponding normal lung tissues were collected to detect the mRNA level through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results:1) The positive rates of Gli-1, Snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in NSCLC were 61.19％(41/67), 50.75％(34/67), 56.72％(38/67), and 53.73％(36/67), respectively;whereas those of normal lung tissues were 20％(4/20), 10％(2/20), 100％(20/20), and 5％(1/20), respectively. These two sets of data have significant statistical difference (P<0.05). 2) The high expression of Gli-1 in tumor tissues was closely related to lymph node metastasis, tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage, and tumor differentiation (P<0.05) but was not associated with gender, age, tumor size, and pathological type. The expression of Gli-1 in NSCLC tissues was negatively correlated with E-cadherin (r=-0.325, P<0.05) and positively correlated with Snail and N-cadherin (r=0.379, r=0.490, P<0.05). 3) RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of Gli-1, Snail, and N-cad-herin mRNA were significantly higher in NSCLC cases than in normal lung cases (P<0.05). The expression level of E-cadherin mRNA was lower in tumor tissues than in lung tissues (P<0.05). 4) Patients with high expression levels of Gli-1, Snail, and N-cadherin had signifi-cantly worse prognosis and lower survival rate than those with low expression (all P<0.05), whereas patients with low expression lev-els of E-cadherin had significantly better prognosis and lower survival rate than those with high expression (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that E-cadherin-negative group expression, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC. Conclusion: The abnormal activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway in NSCLC is correlated with EMT. Detecting the expression levels of Gli-1 and EMT-related proteins Snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin might be helpful in understanding the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Effects of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on the motor network in motor area / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the effects of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on the motor network in the motor area,in order to provide a new way for the basic treatment of motor function.Methods A total of 12 healthy subjects were recruited to stimulate the primary motor areas of the brain by continuous theta burst transcranialmagnetic stimulation,and finger movements were tested before and after stimulation,while the EEG was collected.Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the related characteristics of EEG signals,construct and analyze the functional network of brain,and study the characteristic parameters of brain function network.Results The correlation coefficient matrix,the topological map of the functional network and the parameters of the functional network of the brain were not changed before and after the intervention in the pseudo stimulus group (all P＞0.05);Before stimulation,as compared with after stimulation,cTBS stimulated the motor area,the key button exercise test mean reaction time increased,the degree of network node decreased,the cluster coefficient increased,the network of "small world" property reduced.After cTBS stimulation,there were significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion The cTBS mode of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can change the topological structure and network parameters of brain function network,and improve the motor function.

Response surface optimization of purification process for pigment from Coreopsis tinctoria by macroporous resins / 中国中药杂志

To optimize the purification process of pigments from Coreopsis tinctoria with macroporous resins by establishing second regression model with response surface methodology. The experiment showed that XDA-7 resin had the best purification effect for pigments from C. tinctoria. The optimal absorption conditions for pigments from C. tinctoria were determined as follows： concentration of pigments solution 2.7 g•L⁻¹, flow rate 6 mL•min⁻¹, pH 6. Under these conditions, the absorption rate of pigments was up to 94.16%. Optimal desorption conditions were as follows： ethanol concentration 64%, flow rate 5 mL•min⁻¹, elution dosage 4 BV. Under these conditions, pigment desorption rate was as high as 98.72%.

Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Chinese one-shot tract dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis: A report of 67 cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The safety and effectiveness of a novel Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were investigated. After the feasibility of the Chinese one-shot dilation based on stimulated diuresis was verified by an animal study, this technique was applied in the clinical practice. A total of 67 patients in our department underwent the modified PCNL from July 2014 to June 2015. After the renal infundibulum was distended by stimulated diuresis, the kidney was punctured under the ultrasonographic guidance via the fornix of the target calyx. The working channel was dilated using a special designed pencil-shaped fascial dilator. The successful access rate, nephrostomy tract creation time, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values and serum creatinine concentrations, stone-free rate and complications were recorded and analyzed. The renal infundibulum was successfully distended in all of the patients by the diuresis treatment. Under the ultrasonographic guidance, the successful access rate was 100% and the mean tract creation time was 2.0 min (range: 1.5-5.0 min). The stone-free rate right after surgery was 91.0%. Although the postoperative hemoglobin was significantly reduced (P<0.01), transfusion was not clinically necessary. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine concentrations before and after operation (P>0.05). No severe complication occurred during or after the PCNL. It was suggested that this Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis is an efficient and safe innovation for PCNL, and is even helpful for those patients with non-dilated pelvicaliceal systems.

Expression and relationship between forkhead box Q1 and prognosis in NSCLC / 重庆医学

Objective To study the expression of forkhead box Q1(FOXQ1)in non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) ,then investi‐gate clinical pathological characteristics of NSCLC and its prognosis in patients .Methods The expression of FOXQ1 in 84 cases of NSCLC(selected from June 2007 to December 2008 )was detected by immunohistochemistry(SP) .The correlations of the expres‐sion of FOXQ1 with clinic pathological features and survival time of the NSCLC patients were analyzed .Results The positive ex‐pression rate of FOXQ1 was 91 .7% (77/84) ,closely correlated with patients`histological type and TNM stage(P<0 .05) .The Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that histological type ,TNM stage and FOXQ1expression were independent factors of NSCLC (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of FOXQ1 may be highly expressed in NSCLC and negatively correlated with prognosis .

Primary study of arginine as feed attractants on Whitmania pigra / 中国中药杂志

The effects of the feed attractants on Whitmania pigra were studied. The average weight of Wh. pigra were 5.0 g. Arginine was selected as feed attractants, xanthan gum was selected as feed substrate. The times of Wh. pigra going into the inducing room were recorded. The water temperature was 22-25 degrees C during the whole experiment. Arginine that had better inducing effect was chosen to carry on in the gradient experiment. The results showed that the best inducing effect was found when the added amount of arginine was 0.3%, which was close to the arginine content of the natural body fluid of Wh. Pigra and Bellamya purificata, 2.97 mg x g(-1).

Evaluation on the efficacy and safety of domestic bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bivalirudin was widely used as an anticoagulant during coronary interventional procedure in western countries. However, it was not available in China before this clinical trial was designed. This randomized, single-blind and multicenter clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of domestic bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, single-blind, multicenter trial was designed. Elective PCI candidates in five centers were randomized into a bivalirudin group and a heparin group, which were treated with domestic bivalirudin and non-fractional heparin during the PCI procedure. The efficacy was evaluated by comparing the activated coagulation time (ACT), the procedural success rate (residual stenosis < 20% in target lesions without any coronary artery related adverse events within 24 hours after PCI), and the survival rate without major adverse cardiac events at 30 days after PCI between the two groups. Safety was evaluated by the major/minor bleeding rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 218 elective PCI patients were randomized into a bivalirudin group (n = 110) and heparin group (n = 108). Except for two patients needing additional dosing in the heparin group, the ACT values of all other patients in both groups were longer than 225 seconds at 5 minutes after the first intravenous bolus. Procedural success rates were respectively 100.0% and 98.2% in the bivalirudin group and heparin group (P > 0.05). Survival rates without major adverse cardiac events at 30 days after PCI were 100.0% in the bivalirudin group and 98.2% in the heparin group (P > 0.05). Mild bleeding rates were 0.9% and 6.9% (P < 0.05) at 24 hours, and 1.9% and 8.8% (P < 0.05) at 30 days after PCI in the bivalirudin group and heparin group respectively. There was one severe gastrointestinal bleeding case in the heparin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Domestic bivalirudin is an effective and safe anticoagulant during elective PCI procedures. The efficacy is not inferior to heparin, but the safety is superior to heparin.</p>

Prospective controlled trial of safety of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation therapy in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>UC-MSCs were transplanted intravenously into patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Serum levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), white blood cells (WBC), and prothrombin activity (PA) were detected at different time points after UC-MSCs transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most UC-MSC transplanted patients experienced an improvement in quality of life, to varying degrees. With the exception of low-grade fever in a few patients, side effects and oncogenic events were rare (treatment group: 1/38 vs. control group: 1/16; P more than 0.05). The UC-MSCs transplantation showed no effect on GLU, TC, BUN, AFP, WBC, or PA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UC-MSCs transplantation in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is safe and may improve the patient's quality of life.</p>