Results of serum antibody detection from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Heilongjiang, 2019-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To detect the antibody levels of hantavirus in serum samples from patients suspected with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of disease. Methods　Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect the IgM antibodies to hantavirus in serum samples collected from suspected patients with HFRS in the acute-phase, and IgM and IgG antibody in convalescent-phase serum samples. The positive rate of IgM antibody in acute-phase serum samples of patients in different years was analyzed with χ2 test by SPSS 19.0, and the data were sorted out and analyzed about patients' gender, occupation, age, date of onset and interval from onset to initial diagnosis by EpiData 3.1, Excel 2003 software. Results　A total of 351 acute-phase serum samples and 208 convalescent-phase serum samples were detected in patients suspected with HFRS, respectively. There were 317 positive IgM antibodies of serum samples in the acute stage, with the positive rate of 90.31%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of IgM antibodies in the acute stage between different years (χ2=0.895, P=0.639). T The IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies were positive in 32 (15.39%) and 28 (13.46%) of the convalescent-phase serum samples, respectively. Moreover, 148 patients (71.15%) were double-positive for IgM and IgG antibodies at the convalescent stage. The ratio of male to female patients was 4.56∶1, for which male patients were much more than female patients. Occupation was dominated by farmers (253 cases, 79.81%), followed by workers (19 cases, 5.99%) and the unemployed (17 cases, 5.36%), respectively. The age of patients ranged from 10 to 88 years old, with a median age of 49 years old. Most of the patients were in the age group from 30 years old to 60 years old (209 cases, 65.93%), among which the age group from 40 years old to 50 years old (86 cases, 27.13%) had the highest proportion, and the age group from 60 years old to 90 years old had a proportion of 20.18% (19 cases). May and November were the peak periods of HFRS in Heilongjiang Province. The median interval between onset and initial diagnosis was 4 days. Conclusions　There is a gap of about 10% between the clinical diagnosis of HFRS cases and the confirmed cases detected by laboratory in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2021. The virus-specific detection results are important for confirming the diagnosis of local patients with HFRS.

Optimization of extraction process for classic prescription Yihuang Decoction based on Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology, standard relation, and analytic hierarchy process combined with entropy weight method / 中国中药杂志

Based on the concept of quality by design(QbD), the Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology combined with standard relation(SR) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method(EWM) was applied to optimize the extraction process of the classic prescription Yihuang Decoction. The content of geniposidic acid, phellodendrine hydrochloride, and berberine hydrochloride in Yihuang Decoction, the extract yield, and fingerprint similarity were used as the critical quality attributes(CQAs) of the extraction process. The extraction time, water addition, and extraction times were used as the critical process parameters(CPPs). After determining the levels of each factor and level through single-factor experiments, response surface experiments were designed according to the Box-Behnken principle, and the experimental results were analyzed. The SR between each sample and the reference sample under various evaluation indicators of different extraction parameters was calculated. The weights of the five evaluation indicators were determined using AHP-EWM, followed by comprehensive evaluation. A function model between CPPs and CQAs characterized by comprehensive scores was established to predict the optimal extraction process parameters. In the final comprehensive weight coefficients, the yield rate accounted for 43.1%, and the content of berberine hydrochloride, phellodendrine hydrochloride, and geniposidic acid accounted for 35.1%, 6.3%, and 15.5%, respectively. After comprehensive score analysis with SR, the established second-order polynomial model was statistically significant(P<0.01, and the lack of fit was not significant). The predicted optimal extraction conditions for Yihuang Decoction were determined as follows: 8-fold volume of water, extraction time of 1.5 h, and extraction once. The mean comprehensive score of the validation experiment was 85.77, with an RSD of 0.99%, and it met the quality control stan-dards for the reference sample of Yihuang Decoction. The results indicate that the optimized extraction process for Yihuang Decoction is stable and reliable, and the water extract is close in quality attributes to the reference sample. This can serve as a foundation for the research and development of granules in the future. Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology combined with SR and AHP-EWM can provide references for the modern extraction process research of other classic prescriptions.

Analysis of WRKY transcription factor family based on full-length transcriptome sequencing in Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

WRKY transcription factor family plays an important role in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The present study performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of Polygonatum cyrtonema by virtue of the PacBio SMRT high-throughput platform, identified the WRKY family by bioinformatics methods, and analyzed the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. The results showed that 30.69 Gb nucleotide bases and 89 564 transcripts were obtained after redundancy removal. These transcripts had a mean length of 2 060 bp and an N50 value of 3 156 bp. Based on the full-length transcriptome sequencing data, 64 candidate proteins were selected from the WRKY transcription factor family, with the protein size of 92-1 027 aa, the relative molecular mass of 10 377.85-115 779.48 kDa, and the isoelectric point of 4.49-9.84. These WRKY family members were mostly located in the nucleus and belonged to the hydrophobic proteins. According to the phylogenetic analysis of WRKY family in P. cyrtonema and Arabidopsis thaliana, all WRKY family members were clustered into seven subfamilies and WRKY proteins from P. cyrtonema were distributed in different numbers in these seven subgroups. Expression pattern analysis confirmed that 40 WRKY family members had distinct expression patterns in the rhizomes of 1-and 3-year-old P. cyrtonema. Except for PcWRKY39, the expression of 39 WRKY family members was down-regulated in 3-year-old samples. In conclusion, this study provides abundant reference data for genetic research on P. cyrtonema and lays a foundation for the in-depth investigation of the biological functions of the WRKY family.

Effects of ethanolic extracts of Euonymus alatus on CCl / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of ethanolic extracts of euonymus alatus on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,EAL,EAM),EAH,and Silybin(n=10). Except for the control group,mice in other groups were injected with 25% CCl4 of 1.6 mL·kg

Effect of Gualou Xiebai Decoction on type II cardiorenal syndrome based on endothelial/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effects of different doses Gualou Xiebai Decoction (GXD) on type II cardiorenal syndrome (type II CRS) and explore its preliminary mechanisms. Methods The type II cardiorenal syndrome rat model was replicated by li-gating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 10 weeks of intragastric administration, the cardiac function of the rats in each group was evaluated by echocardiography; serum were collected for biochemical testing; heart and kidney tissue samples were stained with HE and Masson to observe pathological changes. The hydroxyproline content in the heart and kidney was detected. The expression levels of endothelial/epitheli-al-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT/EMT) related proteins in heart and kidney tissues were detecterd by immunofluorescence double staining

Comparative study on in vivo and in vitro permeability of Huoxue Zhitong gel patch and microemulsion gel / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish a method for determination of paeonol(Pae), eugenol(Eug), and piperine(Pip) content in receptor liquid and research on the permeability and pharmacokinetics of Huoxue Zhitong gel patch and microemulsion gel. The Franz diffusion experiment was conducted to assess the percutaneous permeability, and the microdialysis method was employed to assess pharmacokinetics of Huoxue Zhitong gel patch and microemulsion gel. The content of Pae, Eug, and Pip in receptor liquid in vitro and in vivo was determined by HPLC and UPLC-MS. The Q_n and J_(ss) of Pae, Eug, and Pip in the gel patch were significantly higher than those in the microemulsion gel, indicating that the drug release was faster in the gel patch. The C_(max), AUC_(0-760), and MRT of Pae, Eug, and Pip in the gel patch were higher than those in the microemulsion gel, indicating that the gel patch can promote the penetration and prolong the skin residence of the drug. The results of this study provide reference for improving the dosage form of Huoxue Zhitong patch.

Study on antioxidation and inhibiting melanin production of tetrahydrocurcumin and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the antioxidant effect of tetrahydrocurcuminoids(THC)and its effect on melanin production,and to explore its mechanism of inhibiting melanin production.Methods Human immortalized epidermal cell(HaCaT cell)model was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in HaCaT cells were detected by ELISA.Total antioxidant activity of THC was detected by DPPH and T-AOC methods.Mouse melanoma cell model B16F10 was used on the experiment of inhibition of melanin production.The effect of THC on the proliferation activity of mouse B16F10 cells was determined by CCK8 assay.The content of melanin and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells were determined by NaOH lysis assay and dopamine oxidation assay,respectively.The effect of THC on B16F10 cell migration was investigated by scratch assay,and the expression of melanin production-related protein MITF was determined by Western blot.Results THC could increase the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in HaCaT cells,reduce the content of LDH,and increase the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical and the reducing ability of Fe3+.THC could inhibit the proliferation and migration of mouse B16F10 cells,reduce the content of melanin in B16F10 cells,reduce the activity of tyrosinase,and inhibit the expression of MITF.Conclusions Tetrahydrocurcumin has antioxidant effect and can inhibit melanin production,and its mechanism is related to inhibiting MITF expression.

Study on quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxin in recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) by micro-dynamic chromogenic / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the feasibility of the micro- dynamic chromogenic method for quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxin in recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine ( CHO cell).Methods The micro-dynamic color method of Limulus reagent was used to establish a bacterial endotoxin standard curve.The dilution factor was determined through interference pre -experiment, the recoverv rate of the endotoxin added to the test so- J lution was determined, and the interference test to complete the quantitative detection test of the bacterial endotoxin content in the test product was performed, and the results were compared with those of the gel-clot method.Results Hie linear range of the concentration of the standard curve was 0.02 to 2.0 EU • mL 1 , and the regression equation of the standard curve was lgT =-0.302 7 lgC +2.858 7( r = 0.998 9).When recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine ( CHO cell) was cliluted 40 times or below, the micro -dynamic chromogenic reagent did not interfere with the bacterial endotoxin agglutination reaction, and the recovery rate was 50% to 200%.The test results were consistent with the gel- clot method.Conclusions The micro-dynamic chromogenic method can be used for the quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxins in recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine ( CHO cell) with accurate results, high sensitivity, and process monitoring.

Effect of Tibetan medicine E-se on insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the effect of E-se extract on insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes anrl explore its mechanism.Methods Ten C57/6J mice were assigned to a normal control group.Fifty KK-Ay model mice were randomly divided into model group, positive control group ( rosiglita- zone, 2.67 mg • kg 1 ), and low- ( 0.75 g • kg 1 ) , medium- ( 1.50 g • kg 1 ) , and high-dose ( 3.00 g • kg ') E-se groups, with 10 mice in each group.All mice were measured for body weight and fasting blood glucose weekly, insulin tolerance on the 32nd day, and insulin after the last administration on the 35th day, and the insulin resistance/sensitivity indexes were calculated.The pancreas was stained by hematoxylin- eosin ( HE ).Islet cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results j j Compared with the model group, the E-se groups showed reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin concentration, and insulin resistance in¬dex, elevated insulin sensitivity index, decreased le¬sion grading score of pancreatic tissues and apoptosis percentage of islet cells, and increased content of GLP- 1 protein in pancreatic tissues.Conclusions E-se ex¬tract can improve insulin resistance by reducing serum insulin level, inhibiting islet cell apoptosis, and in¬creasing the sensitivity of the body to insulin.

Textual Research of Classical Prescription Taohong Siwutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Taohong Siwutang， originating from Fuke Bingjian by CHAI Dehua in the Qing Dynasty， has been included in the first batch of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Taohong Siwutang is composed of six Chinese medicinals， namely the wine-washed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， wine-washed Rehmanniae Recens Radix， wine-washed Carthami Flos， wine-processed Paeoniae Alba Radix， Persicae Semen undergoing peel-off process in hot water， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， possessing the effects of nourishing blood， promoting blood circulation， and removing blood stasis， and it is mainly applicable to patients with blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. The textual research on the key information of classical prescriptions and the summarization of their ancient and modern applications are conducive to learning about the research status and confirming the subsequent research direction， thus better guiding the preparation of substance benchmarks and the in-depth exploration of preparations. By exploring the sources and historic evolution of Taohong Siwutang and each Chinese medicinal， this paper uncovered the prescription composition， origin of each Chinese medicinal， processing method， and prescription dose. The review of its clinical applications showed that the application scope in modern times has been extended and expanded in contrast to that recorded in ancient books. As revealed by the clinical application literature， it has been mainly employed for treating gynecological diseases such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation， orthopedic diseases like fracture， dermatological diseases such as chloasma， and internal diseases such as coronary heart disease， all of which were differentiated into the blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. It could be seen that Taohong Siwutang had great clinical application value. This review of the ancient and modern literature concerned with Taohong Siwutang and the analysis and determination of its key information are expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and further research of Taohong Siwutang.

Analysis on quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

By preparing 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the methodology of the characteristic spectrums of substance benchmarks was established. The paste-forming rate range, the contents and the transfer rate range of the index components, hydroxy safflower yellow A, ferulic acid and paeoniflorin, the characteristic peaks and the similarity range of the characteristic spectrums of Taohong Siwu Decoction were determined to define key quality attributes of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction.In the 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the similarity of characteristic spectrums was higher than 0.9. Furthermore, based on summarization of the characteristic peak information, there were 13 characteristic peaks in the whole decoction. Baishao had three characteristic peaks, Honghua had seven characteristic peaks, and Chuanxiong and Danggui had three characteristic peaks. The paste-forming rate of the 15 batches of substance benchmarks was controlled at 33.11%-40.62%. The content of hydroxy safflower yellow A was 0.129%-0.203%, with the average transfer rate of 16.596%±0.669%.The content of ferulic acid was 0.043%-0.055%, with the average transfer rate of 20.489%±1.772%.The content of paeoniflorin was 0.676%-0.943%, with the average transfer rate of 29.112%±3.273%.The quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of classical prescription Taohong Siwu Decoction was analyzed by the combination of characteristic spectrums, paste-forming rate and the content of index components. The established substance benchmark quality evaluation method was stable and feasible, and could provide a basis for quality control and subsequent development of relevant preparations of Taohong Siwu Decoction.

Analysis on quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San / 中国中药杂志

By preparing 10 batches of substance benchmarks freeze-drying powder( lyophilized powder),the methodology of the characteristic spectrum and the content of index component for substance benchmarks of Qingwei San was established. The characteristic peaks and the similarity range of the characteristic spectrum,the contents and the transfer rate range of isoferulic acid,palmatine and paeonol,and the paste-forming rate range were determined to define key quality attributes of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San. In the10 batches of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San,the similarity of characteristic spectrum was higher than 0. 90. In further comparison of the characteristic peak information,a total of 16 characteristic peaks were identified,including 5 characteristic peaks from Cimicifugae Rhizoma,5 characteristic peaks from Coptidis Rhizoma,2 characteristic peaks from Angelicae Sinensis Radix and 4 characteristic peaks from Moutan Cortex. The content of isoferulic acid was 0. 10%-0. 18%,with the average transfer rate of 49. 82%±4. 02%. The content of palmatine was 0. 17%-0. 31%,with the average transfer rate of 15. 84% ±2. 39%. The content of paeonol was 0. 41%-0. 75%,with the average transfer rate of 23. 41%±3. 23%. The paste-forming rate of the 10 batches of substance benchmarks were controlled at 27%-33%,with the transfer rate between the theoretical paste-forming rate and the actual paste-forming rate was 86. 59%±3. 39%. In this study,the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San was analyzed by the combination of characteristic spectrum,the content of index component and the paste-forming rate. A scientific and stable evaluation method was preliminarily established,so as to provide the basis for subsequent development and quality control of relevant preparations of Qingwei San.

Polarized activation affects iron metabolism in macrophages / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polarization program on the ability of macrophages to regulate iron metabolism. M1 and M2 macrophages were propagated in vitro from porcine alveolar macrophages 3D4/2 and polarized by cytokines. The 3D4/2 macrophages were treated with 20 ng/mL interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL interleukin-4 (IL-4) combined with 10 ng/mL macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to induce polarization to M1 and M2, respectively. After incubation for 24 h, the expression levels of inflammatory factors and iron-metabolism genes were determined using real-time qPCR, Western bot and immunofluorescence. The M1/M2 macrophages culture media supernatant was collected and used to treat porcine intestinal epithelial cells IPEC-J2. The proliferation ability of IPEC-J2 was detected using CCK-8 assay kit. Following exogenous addition of ammonium ferric citrate (FAC) to M1/M2 macrophages, the phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) and flow cytometry. The results showed that, compared with control, M1 macrophages had higher mRNA levels of iron storage proteins (ferritin heavy and light polypeptide, i.e. FtH and FtL), hepcidin and lipocalin-2, as well as iron content. Moreover, iron enhanced the ability of M1 macrophages to phagocytize FITC-dextran. There was no significant change in these mRNA expression levels in M2 macrophages, but the mRNA expression levels of ferroportin and transferrin receptor were up-regulated. In addition, the conditioned media supernatant from M2 macrophages promoted cell proliferation of IPEC-J2. These findings indicate that M1 macrophages tend to lock iron in the cell and reduce extracellular iron content, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of extracellular bacteria. While M2 macrophages tend to excrete iron, which contributes to the proliferation of surrounding cells and thus promotes tissue repair.

Comparative study on anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the anti-inflammatory action and mechanism of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract in xylene-induced ear swelling experiment and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model. In vivo, xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling model was used to detect the auricle swelling degree and swelling inhibition rate of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract; the pathological changes of mice auricle were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining. In vitro, RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was induced by LPS, where the cytotoxic effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on RAW264.7 cells were detected by CCK-8 method; Griess method was used to detect the effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on nitric oxide(NO) production, and ELISA method was used to detect the content of inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). At last, Western blot was used to detect the protein changes of cyclooxygenase 1(COX1), COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS) for RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract could significantly inhibit the degree of auricle swelling caused by xylene in mice and the inhibition rate was positively correlated with the drug dose. Furthermore, both of them could reduce the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in mouse ear tissues. For in vitro experiments, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract inhibited NO secretion in RAW264.7 cells, down-regulated the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulated iNOS protein and COX2, NF-κB p65 protein content. In conclusion, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract have good anti-inflammatory effect, and the mechanism may be related with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction () Combined with Lactobacillus Acidophilus Improves Gastrointestinal Function of Traumatic Brain-Injured Model Mice / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD, ) combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on the recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function in traumatic brain-injured (TBI) mice.@*METHODS@#A total of 150 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-injury, normal saline (NS), DCQD (0.4 mL/day), LA (⩾1 × 10 cfu/day LA), DCQD+LA (LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding DCQD), and ½ DCQD+LA groups (LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding ½ DCQD dose) by a random number table, 5-8 mice in each group. The sever TBI model was constructed according to Feeney's enhanced gravitational forces of free falling. On days 1, 3, and 7 post-TBI, plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Occludin expression in the intestinal epithelium was assessed by Western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the morphological changes in the network structure of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and change of enteric nervous system-ICC-smooth muscle cell (ENS-ICC-SMC). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect changes in the network structure of the ICC.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the NS group, occludin expression in the DCQD+LA group significantly increased on Day 1, 3, and 7 post-TBI (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The concentration of DAO significantly decreased in the LA, DCQD, and DCQD+LA groups on Day 3 and 7, whilst the D-lactate concentrations in the LA and ½ DCQD+LA groups decreased on Day 1 and 3 post-injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The NS group experienced a great damage on the ENS-ICC-SMC network morphology and ICC network structure, and all treatment groups had some improvements, among which the DCQD+LA group presented relatively intact network morphology.@*CONCLUSIONS@#DCQD combined with LA treatment could effectively repair the intestinal mucosal barrier and improve GI motility in mice after TBI. The combination of DCQD and LA was more effective than their respective monotherapies.

Establishment of Mathematical Models for Skeletal Age Determination of Extremitas Sternalis of Clavicle in Shanxi Adolescents / 法医学杂志

Objective To develop mathematical models for skeletal age determination with multiple statistic method based on the correlation between age and the growth of the epiphysis of extremitas sternalis of clavicle in Shanxi adolescents. Methods The 562 Shanxi sternoclavicular joint samples （454 cases of modelling, 108 cases of external verification） were scanned by the thin-section computed tomography. After volume rendering was obtained, indicators such as area of epiphysis, area of metaphysis, longest diameter of epiphysis and longest diameter of metaphysis of both extremitas sternalis of clavicle were collected. Indicators such as the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis, and the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis of both sides were calculated. Then multiple linear regression and random forest discriminant models were used to build mathematical models for age determination of adolescents. Results The obtained indicators exhibited a strong correlation with age （r>0.85）. The multiple linear regression model for males and females （all 4 indicators entering the model） based on the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis and the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis had an internal validation accuracy rate （±1.0 year） of over 92% and 108 cases had an external validation accuracy rate of over 70% （±1.0 year）. The out of bag error rates of random forest discriminant models were less than 2% for people over 18.0 years old （≥18.0 years old） and under 18.0 years old. The external validation accuracy rates of the 108 cases were over 80%. Conclusion The regression and discriminant models established in this study have certain reliability and accuracy and can be used in age determination of Shanxi adolescents.

Hepatotoxicity Effect of Xanthii Fructus on Immune-sensitive Rat Model Induced by Endotoxin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the pharmaceutical idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity effect of Xanthii Fructus on the immune-sensitive rat model induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Method:The SD rats were randomly divided into five groups： control group， model group， and three Xanthii Fructucs groups. The immune-sensitive rat model was established by LPS （iv. 0.7 mg·kg-1， twice every 7 days）. Then， the rats in control and model groups received the equal volume of distilled water， while the rats in Xanthii Fructus groups were administrated with water extract of Xanthii Fructus intragastrically （1.67， 5.01， 16.7 g·kg-1， respectively） for 14 days. The serum and liver of the rats were collected on the 7th and 14th day to examine the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBil）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and total bile acids （TBA）， and liver histopathology. In addition， inflammatory factors， including interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， interleukin-2（IL-2）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， interleukin-10（IL-10）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）of the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity rats， were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Result:The immune-sensitive model rats showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and mild inflammatory cells infiltrated in portal area of liver significantly （P<0.05）， with no significant changes in hepatotoxic biomarkers. Meanwhile， there was no significant change between Xanthii Fructus groups and model rats in the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， inflammatory factors and hepatic lesions. Conclusion:Water extract of Xanthii Fructus intragastrically does not affect the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， inflammatory factors and hepatic lesions in rats induced by LPS intravenously. That is to say， Xanthii Fructus does not induce pharmaceutical idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.

Transcriptome and quality evaluation of Sichuan Dao-di herbs Zanthoxylum bungeanum / 中国中药杂志

"Huajiao" is dried ripe fruit peel of Zanthoxylum bungeanum or Z. schinifolium, is konwn as geoherbs, especially the "Dahongpao" cultivated in Hanyuan, Maoxian and Jiulong of Sichuan province. However, the genetic basis of Dao-di "Huajiao" is virtually unknown. The transcriptome of the fruit and leaf from Sichuan(Hanyuan, Jiulong, Lixian, Maoxian), Gansu(Wudu) province and Shaanxi(Fengxian) province was sequenced. Trinity de novo assembling resulted in a total of 177 616 unigenes. Through the KEGG, NR, SwissProt, Trembl, KOG/COG, GO, Pfam database comparision 106 644 annotated Unigene finally, 4 574 deferentially expressed genes were found in fruit between Sichuan and other provinces, including 3 740 up-regulated genes and 834 down-regulated genes. Among the up-regulated genes, 27 up-regulated genes were raleted to terpenoids, and 8 up-regulated genes were related to isoquinoline alkaloid bio-synthesis. Furthermore, it was also showed remarkable differences in groups which enrichment ratio of the diffe-rent expressed gene compared. The different expressed genes were annotated by the KEGG database into plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in fruit and leaf, but isoflavonoid bio-synthesis and betaine bio-synthesis were significantly different in fruit and leaf. The study laid a certain reference basis for comparison of quality and different expressed gene of Z. bungeanum from different groups.

Research progress on production districts of Sichuan Dao-di herbs / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di herbs are the Chinese herbs which have high quality and best clinic effects. Sichuan is one of the proviences most rich in Chinese herb resources,which has 7 290 species of Chinese herbs, such as Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Gentianae Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, ect. After textual research on materia medica of the 7 290 Chinese herbs, we find there are 86 Dao-di herbs in Sichuan, such as Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Dujiangyan, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from Jiangyou, Fritillariae Radix, Notoptergii Rhizoma et Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix from Suining, Ophiopogonis Radix from Santai, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from Zhongjiang, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from Pingwu. In China more attention is paid to the production of Dao-di herbs. In 2018, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine launched the "Construction Plan of national production base of genuine medicinal materials". Developing genuine medicinal materials in genuine production areas is one of the effective ways to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. Based on the study of geographical environment and ecological factors(altitude, climate, soil) in Sichuan province. The Dao-di herbs of Sichuan province are divided into 4 districts, including, Sichuan basin medicinal materials production area, mountain and the basin edge medicinal materials production area, Panxi medicinal materials production area, Plateau Mountain Canyon medicinal materials production area. The suitable regions and best suitable regions of the 86 Dao-di herbs in Sichuan are determined by remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis of the suitable environmental indicators of these Dao-di herbs. Our study is beneficial to the rational distribution of the production and to improvement of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan province.

Framework construction and standardization practice of standard system for Sichuan Dao-di herbs / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di herbs is one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine different from other ethnic medicine. Sichuan province is rich in varieties and resources of Dao-di herbs, and its development scale and benefits are not obvious in recent decades due to the lag of standards behind the development of the times and objective needs. From the point of view of the whole process and the whole industrial chain, the significance of standardization system for quality assurance, healthy development of the industry, and development of the industry of Sichuan Dao-di herbs are presented in this paper. At present, Sichuan has made every effort to promote the construction and practice of the standardization system for Sichuan Dao-di herbs, to promote the rapid and high-quality development of Dao-di herbs industry in Sichuan.