Exendin-4 attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction by regulating SIRTl/p53 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Exendin-4 high glucose and the function of silent information reg- on endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) induced by ulator 1 (SIRT1 ).Methods EPCs were isolated and cultured by density gradient centrifugation from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers.Different concentrations of Exendin-4( 12.5, 50, 100, 200 (xmol • L"1) induced EPCs were respectively performed by activity test to select the appropriate concentration.The optimal concentrations of Exendin-4 and high glucose (25 mmol • L 1) were incubated together for 72 h to detect the functional activities of EPCs.The capabilities of migration, adhension and tube formation of EPCs in vitro were detected respectively.The levels of LDH and MDA in EPCs were detected.The mRNA expressions of TNF-a, 1L-1 p and IL-6 in EPCs were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR ( RT-qPCR ).The protein expression of SIRT1 , P53 and Ac-P53 in EPCs were determined by Western blot.Results Ex- endin-4 could increase the viability of EPCs induced by j J high glucose in a dose-dependent manner, especially for 50 (xmol • L "1 (P <0.05 ).Hie results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of SIRT1 was significantly enhanced by 50 |xmol • L"' Exendin-4 treatment ( P < 0.05 ).Compared with high glucose group, Exenclin-4 significantly increased the migration, adhesion, tube formation of EPCs (P<0.05) and decreased the level of LDH and MDA ( P < 0.05 ).The mRNA expression of TNF-cx, lL-(3 and IL-6 in EPCs also decreased (P < 0.05).However, the protective effects of Exendin-4 could he significantly blocked by SIRT1 inhibitor ( EX-527) (P<0.05).In addition, the S1HT1 agonist ( SHT1720 ) could also improve the dysfunction of EPCs induced by high glucose ( P < 0.05).Conclusions Exendin-4 can improve the viability of human EPCs, restore the EPCs normal function, reduce high glucose-induced oxidative damage, and reduce the releases of inflammatory cvtokines un- j j der high glucose condition, which may be related to the regulation of S1HT1/P53 signaling pathway.

Factors associated with adherence to screening before diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma related to chronic hepatitis B / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the factors associated with the patient's adherence to screening in the five years before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ), so as to provide reference for improving the screening rate.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to April 2018, the patients with newly diagnosed HCC and a history of CHB for more than five years in Southwest Hospital in Chongqing were interviewed. The information about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, medical care and HCC screening in the past five years were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with adherence to screening. @*Results@#Among 420 participants, 140 ( 33.33% ) adhered to HCC screening, 124 ( 29.53% ) had irregular/incomplete screening, while 156 ( 37.14% ) never had screening. The proportion of early-stage HCC at diagnosis was significantly higher in patients who adhered to screening ( 77.14% ) than that in patients who had irregular/incomplete screening (35.48%) or no screening ( 12.82% ) and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that five factors were significantly associated with patient's adherence to screening, including education level of high school and above ( OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.370-4.017), family history of HCC ( OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.457-5.362 ), history of chronic diseases ( OR=3.860, 95%CI: 2.052-7.262), acceptance of antiviral therapy ( OR=17.816, 95%CI: 9.702-32.716 ) and specialized clinic visits ( OR=8.332, 95%CI: 1.588-43.710 ).@*Conclusions@#Adherence to screening is conducive to the early detection of HCC, but the screening rate is low in the patients with CHB. Education level, history of HCC, health status and medical status are significantly related to screening adherence.

Comparison of two methods for reducing length discrepancy in hip hemiarthroplasty / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To compare the accuracy of two methods in reducing leg length discrepancy(LLD)during hip hemiarthroplasty.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 89 patients of hip hemiarthroplasty who suffered from femoral neck fracture.There were 47 patients in the new method group(NM), and 42 patients in the traditional method group(traditional method, TM)which comparing the position of the greater trochanter tip and the center of the femoral head.In the NM group, the distance from the center of femoral head to the lesser trochanter(L)and the diameter of femoral head(D)of the healthy side hip were measured on preoperative anteroposterior pelvic X-ray film, and the ratio(R)of D to L was calculated.During operation, the diameter of the femoral head(d)was measured with a caliper, and the distance should be obtained from the center of the femoral head prosthesis to the lesser trochanter according to the ratio R of the healthy side.The difference of postoperative LLD between the two groups and the incidences of |LLD| in each range were compared.Results:In the NM group, the maximum LLD was 11.10 mm and the minimum LLD was -4.0 mm, with an average of(4.4±3.2)mm, 80.9%(38/47)| LLD | < 6 mm, 93.6%(44/47)| LLD | < 10 mm, 6.4%(3/47)| LLD | ≥ 10 mm.In the TM group, the maximum LLD was 13.2 mm and the minimum LLD was -8.3 mm, with an average of (6.2±5.1)mm, 42.9%(18/42)|LLD|<6 mm, 69.0%(29/42)|LLD| <10 mm, 31.0%(13/42)|LLD|≥10mm.The differences of patients of the mean postoperative LLD and the incidences of |LLD| in each range between two the groups were statistically significant( t=-2.036、 χ2=14.629, P=0.046、0.001). Conclusions:The new method is simple, convenient, more accurate and can obtain a more satisfactory LLD compared with the traditional method which refers to the relative position of the great trochanter tip and the center of the femoral head.

Anatomical morphometry of coracoclavicular ligament based on fresh cadaver and clinical significance / 解剖学报

Objective To measure the anatomical morphology of coracoclavicular ligament based on fresh cadavers, and to provide anatomical basis for anatomical reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament. Methods A total of 52 the acromioclavicular joints (fresh body specimen) was dissected, and the anatomical characteristics of coracoclavicular ligament were observed by dissecting acromioclavicular joint specimens. The anatomic data of which the length of the conoid ligament (QR), the length of the trapezoid ligament (ST) ; the distance from the conoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip (RV), the distance from the trapezoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip (TV), the distance form conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular to acromioclavicular joint (QU), the distance form the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular to acromioclavicular joint (SU), the distance from supraclavicular plane to subcoracoid plane (WX) were measured ; and the mean diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular (ā), the mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular(b¯), the mean diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the coracoid (c¯), the mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the coracoid (d¯) were calculation. The measurement result underwent statistical analysis. Results The minimum diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular and coracoid on the left and right sides, respectively. There were no significant differences in those anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament (P>0.05). The anatomical morphology of the diameter of coracoclavicular ligament attachment on the male and female had no significant difference (P>0.05). The maximum length of the conoid ligament was (14.19±2. 43/15. 87±2. 99) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. The distance from the conoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip was ( 36. 66 ± 4. 25/33. 61 ± 3. 45 ) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. The mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular and coracoid was (11.95± 1.43/ 11.23± 1.12)mm and (9.20± 1.60/7.90±0.76) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. There were significant differences in those anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament(P 0.05). The anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament on the male and female had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive measurement of anatomical morphology of coracoclavicular ligament can provide an anatomical basis for shoulder joint diseases related to coracoclavicular ligament injury. It will help surgical staff perform a complete anatomic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments for the surgical treatment of dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint.

A combined quality evaluation method that integrates chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins of raw Rehmanniae Radix pieces / 中国天然药物

The quality control of Chinese herbal medicine is a current challenge for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional quality evaluation methods lack quantitative analysis, while modern quality evaluation methods ignore the origins and appearance traits. Therefore, an integrated quality evaluation method is urgent in need. Raw Rehmanniae Radix (RRR) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. At present, much attention has been drwan towards its quality control, which however is limited by the existing quality evaluation methods. The present study was designed to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of RRR pieces based on its chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins. Thirty-three batches of RRR pieces were collected from six provinces, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the following five constituents, including catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride and verbascoside in RRR pieces. Their appearance traits were quantitatively observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and t-test were performed to evaluate the qualities of RRR pieces. These batches of RRR pieces were divided into three categories: samples from Henan province, samples from Shandong and Shanxi provinces, and those from other provinces. Furthermore, the chemical constituents and appearance traits of RRR pieces were significantly different from diverse origins. The combined method of chemical contituents, appearance traits and origins can distinguish RRR pieces with different qualities, which provides basic reference for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine.

Analysis of property and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in staging revention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国中药杂志

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) triggered a severe and complicated epidemic situation, and it is of great significance to discuss the rules and characteristics of the prescription of COVID-19 in traditional Chinese medicine. This study collected prevention and treatment approaches of traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 released from the National Health Committee of China, 7 provinces and municipal health committees, the Chinese Medicine Administration and Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 between January 1 and February 18, 2020, and prescriptions prepared by 3 masters of Chinese medicine and 4 well-known Chinese medicine experts. These information were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and EpiData 3.0 software was used to establish the "Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Library for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19" and the "Common Database of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19". A total of 93 effective Chinese medicine prescriptions and a total of 157 kinds of constituent medicines were collected. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software. The results showed that: ①most of the medicines are with cold and warm properties, 69 with cold medicines, accounting for 43.95%, 57 with warm medicines, accounting for 36.31%, and less with hot medicines, taking up 1.27%; ②there are many pungent, bitter and sweet medicines, and the distribution of medicinal flavors is different at different disease stage. The pungent medicines are mostly found in the early stage, the bitter drugs are the main flavor in the middle and severe stage, and the sweet medicines are mostly used in the recovery stage; ③the meridian of the drug is more concentrated at the lung, stomach, and heart, and most of drugs are into the lung meridian, accounting for 24.55%; these medicines are mostly into the lungs and stomach in the initial and middle stages, and into the heart and kidney in severe stages; ④oral drugs are mostly non-toxic, among which only 6 kinds are toxic, namely Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, Paridis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia; ⑤most of the drugs have five types of functions: treating exterior syndromes, resolving dampness, clearing heat, replenishing deficiency, resolving phlegm, cough, and asthma. In the early stage, both drugs for treating exterior syndromes and heat clearing drugs were equally used, accounting for 18.81% each. In the middle stage, drugs resolving phlegm, cough, and asthma drugs are more often used, accounting for 29.61%. In the severe stage, heat clearing drugs are mostly used, accounting for 33.33%. During the recovery period, tonic deficiency drugs are used the most, accounting for 36.47%. The medical characteristics and efficacy of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 are closely related to the understanding of the etiology of Chinese medicine and the location and pathogenesis of the disease. Staged medication and local conditions need attention during the identification and treatment of COVID-19 clinical syndromes.

Effects of mild hypothermia on calmodulin expression and brain edema in the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury / 医学研究生学报

Objective Mild hypothermia (MHT) can effectively protect the brain in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study was to investigate the effects of MHT on the calmodulin (CAM) expression and brain edema in the rat model of TBI. Methods Ninety adult SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation, a normal temperature and an MHT group of equal number. Immediately after TBI, the rats of the MHT group maintained at a rectal temperature of (32 ± 0.5) °C for 6 hours. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) were obtained from 6 rats in each group at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after modeling, and the rest of the animals subjected to brain MRI at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours and then killed for determination of the CAM gene transcription and protein expression in the brain tissue by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results The mNSSs were significantly higher in the MHT and normal temperature groups than in the sham operation control (P < 0.05) at all time points, neurological severity markedly decreased in the MHT group compared with the normal temperature group (P < 0.05). At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, the expression of CAM mRNA was remarkably down-regulated in the MHT group (1.83 ± 0.19, 1.72 ± 0.12, 1.59 ± 0.06 and 1.60 ± 0.07) in comparison with the normal temperature group (2.76 ± 0.25, 2.49 ± 0.18, 2.04 ± 0.14 and 1.65 ± 0.09) (P < 0.05), even lower in the MHT than in the normal temperature group (P < 0.05), but higher in both of the two groups than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05). At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, the volume of brain edema was significantly reduced in the MHT group ([32.14 ± 4.52], [36.52 ± 4.10], [42.10 ± 4.38] and [46.25 ± 5.02] mm3) as compared with the normal temperature group ([48.56 ± 5.35], [53.13 ± 6.31], [59.23 ± 6.82] and [62.35 ± 7.25] mm3) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia can improve the neurological function and reduce the CAM expression and brain edema in the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury, which may be related to the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia.

Valproic acid inhibits the expressions of MMP-9 and AQP-4 proteins in the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury / 医学研究生学报

Objective Few studies are reported on the protective effect of valproic acid (VPA) against traumatic brain injury (TBI) by down-regulating the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in the brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of different doses of VPA against TBI in experimental rats. Methods We randomly divided 100 adult male rats into five groups of equal number, sham operation, TBI model, and low- (30 mg), medium- (150 mg) and high-dose (300 mg) VPA treatment. At 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after modeling by controlled cortex impact, we obtained the modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS), measured the VPA concentration in the venous blood, and then killed the rats and harvested the brain tissue for determination of the water content using the dry-wet method and the expressions of MMP-9 and AQP-4 by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results At 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after modeling, the mNSSs in the high-dose VPA group were 4.6 ± 1.3, 3.8 ± 1.3, 3.0 ± 0.7 and 1.8 ± 0.8, respectively, significantly lower than 8.4 ± 0.9, 7.0 ± 0.7, 5.8 ± 1.0 and 4.5 ± 1.3 in the TBI group (P < 0.05), decreasing in a time-dependent manner, with statistically significant difference between any two dose groups (P < 0.05). At 1, 3 and 7 days, the water contents in the brain tissue were (76.2 ± 0.7)%, (76.9 ± 1.7)% and (73.9 ± 1.3)% in the high-dose VPA group, significantly lower than (79.6 ± 0.8)%, (82.6 ± 0.8)% and (78.6 ± 0.7)% in the TBI group (P < 0.05), also decreasing in a time-dependent manner, with statistically significant difference between any two dose groups (P < 0.05). At 1 and 3 days, the expressions of MMP-9 and AQP-4 in the brain tissue were markedly down-regulated in the VPA groups in a dose-dependent manner as compared with those in the TBI group (P < 0.05), with statistically significant difference between any two dose groups (P < 0.05), and meanwhile immunohistochemistry showed large numbers of cells with positive expressions of MMP-9 and AQP-4, which were reduced with the increased dose of VPA. Conclusion VPA has a neuroprotective effect against TBI in rats by inhibiting the expressions of MMP-9 and AQP-4 proteins in the brain tissue and alleviating brain edema. Within the range of the doses studied, higher-dose VPA produces a better effect.

Decitabine combined with arsenious acid in the treatment of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of decitabine combined with arsenious acid in the treatment of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML). METHODS: Totally 39 patients with MDS and 8 patients with CMML received the treatment of decitabine and arsenious acid from April 2016 to December 2018. Decitabine [20 mg/(m~2·d)] and arsenious acid [0.15 mg/(m~2·d)] were administered intravenously for 5 consecutive days every 4-6 weeks. Patients who achieved complete or partial remission entered into the consolidation cycle. Efficacy and influencing factor were analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical response were observed in 31 patients after a median of 2 courses(ranging 1-12) of treatment. The overall response rate(ORR) was 66.0%. The median duration of response was 16 weeks(ranging 2-52 weeks). There were 8 cases(17.0%) of complete remission(CR), 10 cases(21.3%) of partial remission(PR),12 cases(25.5%) of hematological improvement(HI), 1 case(2.1%) of marrow complete remission(mCR), 8 cases(17.0%) of stable disease(SD), and 1 case(2.1%) of progressive disease(PD). By next generation sequencing, 25 genes mutated with 70 times in 33 cases. The mutation frequency of epigenetic regulators(57.6%) was higher than splicing factors(33.5%), transcription factors and kinase signaling(54.5%),and TP53(21.2%)(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in response rates among these patients(47.4%, 54.5%, 50.0% and85.7%, P=0.977). Gene mutation frequency(VAF) of patients who responded to the regimen declined significantly(16.67% vs. 10.26%,P=0.014). CONCLUSION: Decitabine combined with arsenious acid has significant effect in the treatment of patients with higher-risk MDS and CMML and is well-tolerated. Gene mutation test results by next generation sequencing might be related to clinical response.

The study of genotype and virulence differences of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus / 中华传染病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the differences of genotyping and virulence of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). @*Methods@#A total of 83 non-repetitive clinical specimens were collected in this study. All samples were classified into HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA according to the definition of the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multiple polyemeras chain reaction (PCR) was used for SCCmec typing, and spa typing was conducted by means of PCR plus DNA sequencing. Panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL), phenol-soluble modulins α (PSMa), phenol-soluble modulins mec (PSM-mec), exfoliative toxin A (ETA), exfoliative toxin B (ETB), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), α-toxin (hla), δ-toxin (hld) were also detected by conventional PCR. @*Results@#The SCCmec type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa and unclassified type accounted for 1.2%, 3.6%, 65.1%, 28.9% and 1.2%, respectively. 82.1% of the 39 strains of HA-MRSA were identified as SCCmec Ⅲ. While for the 44 strains of CA-MRSA, SCCmec Ⅲ and Ⅳa each accounted for 50%. The proportions of SCCmec Ⅲ and Ⅳa in HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA showed significant differences (χ2=9.343, 20.253, both P<0.05); There were 15 types of spa, t437, t062, t015 accounted for 39.8%, 21.7% and 10.8% respectively. Among the strains of HA-MRSA, the spa type t437 and t062 accounted for 28.2% and 23.1%, respectively, while for the spa type of CA-MRSA, t437 and t062 accounted for 50% and 20.5%, respectively. There was significant difference of t437 type between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA (χ2=4.100, P=0.043). The positive rates of PSM-a, hla and hld were all 100%, and the positive rates of PVL, ETA, ETB, TSST and PSM-mec were 24.3%, 4.8%, 1.2%, 10.8% and 4.8%, respectively. The proportions of PVL positive HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA were 10.3% and 36.4%, respectively, which was significantly different (χ2=7.705, P=0.006), while PSM-mec positive HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA were 10.3% and 0%, respectively. @*Conclusions@#The strains of SCCmec Ⅳa and spa t437 are detected in HA-MRSA, suggesting that the more virulent CA-MRSA genotypes coexist with the traditional HA-MRSA genotypes in the hospital-acquired infections, which brings new challenges for the prevention and control of hospital infection.

Study of macrophage polarization on pulmonary fibrosis and signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

Macrophages are a group of immune cells with pluripotency and plasticity that can differentiate into different phenotypes under different microenvironments in vitro and in vivo. In the development of pulmonary fibrosis, there are alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages, which are polarized to different cell phenotypes at different stages of development. And their polarized phenotypes include M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. In the inflammation early stages of pulmonary fibrosis, the increase of classical activated macrophages are helpful to clear pathogenic microorganisms and promote the progress of inflammation. In the fibrosis stage, the alternatively activated macrophages increased, which inhibiting the inflammatory reaction or directly promoting tissue fibrosis, on the other hand, it also promoting the fibrosis degradation. To clarify the polarization and polarization mechanisms of macrophages in pulmonary fibrosis will be conducive to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. In IPF, the polarization mechanism of M1 and M2 is closely related to TGF-β1/Smad. TGF-β1/Smad pathway plays an important regulatory role in liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, scars, tumors and other diseases. Blocking the signaling of TGF-β1 by Smad3 and Smad4 is beneficial to inhibit the polarization of AM, which in turn helps to inhibit the progression of IPF.

Construction of high quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces standard system based on comprehensive analysis of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

To study the evolution of Chinese ancient and modern pharmacopoeia standards and compare the domestic and foreign pharmacopoeias, further understand the international requirements on chrysanthemum quality, and establish a more suitable and modern standard system for high quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Newly Revised Materia Medica, Welfare Pharmacy, Collected Essentials of Species of Materia Medica (Bencao Pinhui Jingyao), Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other herbal remedies in various generations were reviewed to summarize the evolution of domestic standards on Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Then they were compared with those in European Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia and other foreign Pharmacopoeias to establish a modern and international high-quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces standard system with Chinese medicine characteristics and produce more internationally recognized high-quality Chinese medicine pieces.

Effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on Learning and Memory Ability, Contents of Choline Acetyltransferase and Acetylcholine Esterase in Brain Tissue of Mice Models with Alzheimer Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on learning and memory ability, contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue in mice models with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease (AD); To investigate its mechanism for prevention and treatment for AD. Methods Totally 110 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, control+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-dose group,model group,donepezil group,model+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-,medium-,and low-dose groups. The control and model group were given distilled water for gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine for gavage, once a day, for 14 days. On the 15th day, Morris water maze test and object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of each group. The model mice of memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was established 20 minutes before the behavioral test. The expressions of ChAT and AChE in cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the control group, the model group had significant longer escape latency(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription medium-and high-dose groups could shorten the escape latency (P<0.05). The results of the object recognition test showed that compared with the control group, the ability of the model group to explore new things decreased and the discrimination index (DI) decreased (P<0.001);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could increase the DI of model mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The results of Western blot showed that the expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, Shenqi Xingnao Prescription low- and medium-dose groups could decrease the expression of AChE in the cortex in different degrees(P<0.01);Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could decreaed the expression of AChE in the hippocampus (P<0.001); There was no significant statistical significance in the expression of ChAT in the cortex and hippocampus in each group.Conclusion Shenqi Xingnao Prescription can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD model mice induced by scopolamine, which may be related to the descent expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model mice.

Origin of lifting and lowering theory and its herb pair study / 中国中药杂志

Lifting and lowering theory is one of the important basis for guiding clinical medication. Through the study of ancient books and literature, we learned that lifting and lowering theory was originated in Huangdi Neijing, practiced more in the Shanghan Zabing Lun, established in Yixue Qiyuan, and developed in Compendium of Materia Medica and now. However, lifting and lowering theory is now mostly stagnated in the theoretical stage, with few experimental research. In the clinical study, the guiding role of lifting and lowering theory to prescriptions?mainly includes opposite?role?of lift and lower medicine property, mutual promotion of lift and lower medicine property, main role of lift medicine property and main role of lower medicine property. Under the guidance of lifting and lowering theory, the herb pair compatibility include herb combination of lift medicine property, herb combination of lift and lower medicine property and herb combination of lower medicine property. Modern biological technology was used in this study to carry out experimental research on the lifting and lowering theory, revealing the scientific connotation of it, which will help to promote clinical rational drug use.

Efficacy and Bleeding Risks of Ticagrelor Replacement for Treating Elderly Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Low Response to Clopidogrel / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the efficacy of ticagrelor for treating elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with elective PCI and having low response to clopidogrel; to explore the bleeding risks induced by ticagrelor replacement. Methods: A total of 945 ACS patients ≥ 65 years treated in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2017-01 were enrolled. All patients received aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), thrombelastography (TEG) was used to detect platelet inhibition rate when DAPT ≥ 5 days. Based on platelet inhibition rate, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Ticagrelor replacement group, n=293 patients with low response to clopidogrel and switched to ticagrelor treatment, when adjusted DAPT ≥ 5 days, platelet inhibition rate was rechecked to compare the changes; Clopidogrel group, the patients were continuously treated by the same medication, n=652. The patients were followed-up for 3 months, bleeding events were evaluated by TIMI criteria and compared between 2 groups. Risk factors of ticagrelor induced bleeding were assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Platelet inhibition rates in Ticagrelor replacement group were (51.70±42.90) %, (48.99±41.85) % and (55.08±25.70) % at (5-7) d, (8-14) d and (15-90) d ticagrelor treatment, which were higher than previous clopidogrel treatment (14.50±24.15) %, all P<0.05. The incidences of severe bleeding events were similar between 2 groups, P=0.96. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis presented that female (OR=4.329, P=0.000), low body weight (OR=0.817, P=0.039) and elevated fasting blood glucose (OR=1.251, P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients. Conclusion: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor may faster and more effectively inhibit platelet aggregation without increasing severe bleeding; female, low body weight and elevated fasting blood glucose were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients with elective PCI.

Effects of atorvastatin on serum levels of inflammatory factors, pulmonary function and right ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,pulmonary function and right ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension.Methods From December 2013 to December 2016,106 patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary hypertension were randomly divided into treatment and control groups,each with 53 cases.Patients in control group were treated with routine basic therapy for three months,and patients in treatment group were treated with atorvastatin on the basis of control group.The pulmonary function,right ventricular remodeling function and inflammatory factors were detected,and the clinical efficacy of two groups was evaluated.Results The total effective rate was 94.34％ in the treatment group and 79.25％ in the control group,difference between the two groups was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of FEV1 and FVC were not significantly different between two groups before treatment.The levels of FVC and FEV1 in treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the LVED,LVPW,TRVmax and RVEF of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.Compared with before treatment,LVID,LVPW and TRVmax were increased,RVAD decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CRP,ET and IL-6 in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The effect of atorvastatin on serum inflammatory factors,pulmonary function and right ventricular remodeling in patients with COPD combined with pulmonary hypertension is significant and can be popularized.

Clinical effect of fasudil in heart failure induced by chronic pneumocardial disease and the influence in serum level of NO and ET-1 / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of fasudil in heart failure induced by chronic pneumocardial disease and the influence in serum level of NO and ET-1.Methods 100 cases of patients with heart failure induced by chronic pneumocardial disease in our hospital from September 2013 to September 2016 were selected and divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy,and in the observation group were treated with fasudil based on the conventional therapy.Compared the clinical effect,blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2),CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2),tricuspid regurgitation speed,fight ventricular outflow tract inside diameter(RVOT),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum biochemical indexes (NO and ET-1) levels.Results After treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).PaO2,LVEF,serum level of NO of the two groups were significantly higher,PaCO2,tricuspid regurgitation speed,RVOT,serum level of ET-1 significantly lower than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the PaO2,LVEF,serum level of NO of observation group were significantly higher,PaCO2,tricuspid regurgitation speed,RVOT,serum level of ET-1 of observation group were significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Fasudil had remarkable clinical effect in heart failure induced by chronic pneumocardial disease,and improve the patient's clinical symptoms,adjust the serum level of NO and ET-1.

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective The feasibility and the curative effect of bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures in elderly patients were evaluated.Methods The patients suffering from hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures and undergoing bipolar hemiarthroplasty in Beijing Tongren Hospital were followed-up during 2012-2015.The postoperative Harris Score and the complications such as infection,deep vein thrombosis and dislocation were collected.Results Totally 25 patients(25 hips)were followed-up.The average age was 70.1 years,and mean follow-up period was 24.3 months (10-42 months).The mean Barthel index score was higher (77.4 ± 14.7,ranging from 40-95 points) after operation than before operation[25.00 ± 5.95 (15-35 points)] with a statistically significant difference(t=-21.374,P＜＜0.05).The postoperative Harris Score was 83.5± 8.9(60-95 points).According to Harris score,the excellent and good rate was 80.0％.The patient's satisfaction rate was 88.0％.Conclusions Choosing proper prosthesis and fixing measure,and keeping the function and tension of short extorsion muscles can achieve the satisfactory results for hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.

Analysis of historical origin and standardization system construction of Citri Grandis Exocarpium / 中国中药杂志

To understand the history development and changes of Citri Grandis Exocarpium and initially establish its standard system after exploring the historical origins and modern development of Citri Grandis Exocarpium. In CNKI, Wanfang database and other academic search platforms were searched for literature on Citri Grandis Exocarpium and Chinese medicine standard system； the books related to its modern cultivation techniques and processing technology were also accessed, and after combining with the actual situation analysis, the prospective design of the standard system of Citri Grandis Exocarpium was finally established with research conclusion. The earliest records of the Citri Grandis Exocarpium were documented in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but its medicinal value was discovered in the Song Dynasty. Its drug use was developed on the basis of Jupi（orange peel） and Citri Exocarpium Rubrum. In 21st century, a number of large-scale, intensive Citri Grandis Exocarpium bases have been formed due to high price, good planting efficiency, and rapid growth of cultivation areas. The standard system includes the technical specifications of seed selection and seedling cultivation of Citri Grandis Exocarpium, technical norms of cultivation, technical specifications of fertilizing and weeding, technical specifications of irrigation and drainage, technical standard of pest and disease control, standard of medicinal materials grade, standard of processing technology of sliced pieces and the quality standard of slices, etc.

National physician master Jin Shiyuan's dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata based on Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought / 中国中药杂志

To collect the historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in Compendium of Materia Medica, compare and analyze the theoretical knowledge and relevant practical operation of national physician master Jin Shiyuan, which is beneficial for the inheritance and development of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata's clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI was searched with "Rehmanniae Radix Preparata", "Processing method", "Clinical application" "Li Shizhen", "Jin Shiyuan", and "Dispensing technology" as keywords. In addition, Shennong's Herbal Classic, Bencao Tujing (illustrated Classics of Materia Medica), Compendium of Materia Medica, Jingyue Quanshu (Jingyue's Complete Works) and related ancient books were accessed systematically to summarize the historical change of processing methods and efficacy of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata. Professor Jin Shiyuan emphasizes the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, including its nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, prescription audit technology, prescription coping technology, drug delivery technology, clinical decocting technology, purchasing management technology as well as storage, maintenance and supply technology. Through the collation and research, it was confirmed that historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata were recorded in details in Compendium of Materia Medica. Steaming method of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata was originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber. Li Shizhen attached great importance to the processing method of "steaming and drying alternatively for nine times" for Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, and differentiated it from Radix Rehmanniae Recen and fresh rehmannia root in clinical applications. Professor Jin Shiyuan has developed and improved the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and carried forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in future.