ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Gastrodin has been shown to inhibit the in vivo astrocyte activation after injury,improve the microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI), and reduce secondary injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of gastrodine on the neural functional recovery and glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of clamping-induced SCI. METHODS: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the models of clamping-induced SCI were established. The rats in sham group were only subjected to laminectomy; gastrodine group was given 100 mg/kg?d gastrodine; the sham and SCI groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The function recovery of spinal cord was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and Rivlin inclined plane experiment at postoperative 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed after perfusion at 28 days, expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and changes of Nissl body were observed through Nissl staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BBB and Rivlin inclined plane scores in each group were significantly decreased postoperatively, and the scores then increased with time; the scores at each time point in the sham group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P <0.05); the scores in the gastrodine group were significantly higher than those in the SCI group from day 3 (P < 0.05). At postoperative 28 days, the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was the lowest in the sham group, followed by gastrodine group, and the highest in the SCI group (P < 0.05). In the gastrodine and SCI groups, Nissl bodies were slightly stained partially dissolved, and the account of Nissl bodies in this two groups was less than that in the sham group (P < 0.05), but the gastrodine group had significantly more Nissl bodies than the SCI group (P < 0.05). The spinal cord in the sham group revealed the complete structure; in the SCI group, the structure of spinal cord was in disorder, syringomyelia formatted, and the gray-white matter boundary was obscure; gastrodine group showed smaller syringomyelia and gray-white matter boundary were clear. These results show that gastrodin can inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes after SCI, play neuroprotection, and improve motor function.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation plus hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on repair of rat SCI.@*METHODS@#Seventy five male rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham, vehicle, BMSCs transplantation group, combination group, 15 rats in each group. Every week after the SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcome by Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test. Axon recovery was examined with focal spinal cord tissue by electron microscope at 6 weeks after the SCI onset. HE staining and BrdU staining were performed to examine the BMSCs and lesion post injury. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction.@*RESULTS@#Results from the behavior tests from combination group were significant higher than rats which received only transplantation or HBO treatment. Results from histopathology showed favorable recovery from combination group than other treatment groups. The number of BrdU(+) in combination group were measureable more than transplantation group (P < 0.05). The greatest decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α determined by Elisa assay in combination group were evident too.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BMSCs transplantation can promote the functional recovery of rat hind limbs after SCI, and its combination with HBO has a synergistic effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation plus hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on repair of rat SCI. Methods: Seventy five male rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham, vehicle, BMSCs transplantation group, combination group, 15 rats in each group. Every week after the SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcome by Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test. Axon recovery was examined with focal spinal cord tissue by electron microscope at 6 weeks after the SCI onset. HE staining and BrdU staining were performed to examine the BMSCs and lesion post injury. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results: Results from the behavior tests from combination group were significant higher than rats which received only transplantation or HBO treatment. Results from histopathology showed favorable recovery from combination group than other treatment groups. The number of BrdU+ in combination group were measureable more than transplantation group (P<0.05). The greatest decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α determined by Elisa assay in combination group were evident too. Conclusions: BMSCs transplantation can promote the functional recovery of rat hind limbs after SCI, and its combination with HBO has a synergistic effect.
ABSTRACT
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Axons/pathology , Brain/pathology , Brain Concussion/pathology , Brain Injuries/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diffuse Axonal Injury/pathology , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the survival and the number of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanted in the contused spinal cord, so as to provide a basis for further studying the biological action of OECs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat spinal cords were contused with NYU-impactor II at T10 level by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm. At the 1st week after injury, OECs isolated freshly from green fluorecense protein (GFP) of the rats were transplanted into the spinal cord at injured site and other two sites 1 mm apart from the caudal and rostral ends with the OECs number of 30000/μl x 3 = 90000. The survival and the number of OECs were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively observed under the fluorescense microscope from 1 week to 13 weeks after transplantation. The motor function of the cord was evaluated with BBB score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GFP-OECs could survive at least for 13 weeks within the contused spinal cord. Their arrangement was from tight to loose and their number was decreased from 1 week to 13 weeks after injury. The average number of GFP-OECs was 536 at the 1st week, which was less than 1% of the number as compared with original transplantation. After then, the number of GFP-OECs was continually decreased, but the most obvious decrease was found during 1 week to 2 weeks. The extent of decrease at other time points was relatively mild. In contrast to the cell number, motor function of the cord was gradually recovered after transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The survival and the number of GFP-OECs are different between the animals and are affected by the pathological reaction of the host cord. Also it is related to the motor function recovery of the contused cord.</p>