ABSTRACT
Objective Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)and network pharmacology technology combined with pharmacodynamic experiments were used to analyze the quality markers(Q-markers)in Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules.Methods Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology,the chemical components in different polar extracts of Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules was analyzed.Potential pharmacological components were screened by using antitussive and expectorant models.The"components-targets-diseases"network was constructed and potential Q-markers were screened by network pharmacology technology.Then we conducted pharmacodynamic validation to confirm the Q-markers,which have antitussive and expectorant effects in Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules.Results A total of 120 compounds were obtained from the Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules through qualitative analysis.Among the extracts of different polarity,44 compounds were derived from petroleum ether extract,85 compounds were derived from ethyl acetate extract,79 compounds were derived from n-butanol extract,and 71 compounds were derived from water extract.The results of pharmacological experiments showed that among extracts of different polarity,petroleum ether extract had the best antitussive effect,while n-butanol extract had the best expectorant effect.Three core components for eliminating phlegm and relieving cough were screened through network pharmacology techniques:farcalinol,farcalinediol,and rubimaillin.Pharmacodynamic studies verified that all core components mentioned above have certain antitussive and expectorant effects.Conclusion Based on the above research,farcalinol,farcalindiol,and rubimaillin can be used as Q-markers for the antitussive and expectorant effects of Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules.This paper provides reference for the quality standard of Saorilao Qingfei Zhike Capsules.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of miR-155 in the development and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma, and to explore its target proteins and related mechanisms. Methods We detected differential miR-155 expression in osteosarcoma and its lung metastasis process through relevant database analysis combined with qPCR detection of clinical tissue and cell samples. iTRAQ quantitative proteomics was used to screen the target protein of miR-155 in osteosarcoma and its lung metastasis. The selected miR-155 target protein was verified by Western blot in clinical tissue and cell samples. Results miR-155 expression was significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissue and lung metastatic tumor tissue than that in the control group. Compared with human normal osteoblasts, miR-155 expression in human osteosarcoma cell line was also significantly increased. A total of 3714 proteins were obtained by iTRAQ assay, and 253 differentially-expressed proteins were screened out, 144 of which were up-regulated and 109 were down-regulated. The prediction analysis and experiment verified that C/EBP β was a potential target protein of miR-155. Conclusion miR-155 expression is significantly increased in osteosarcoma and its lung metastasis process, and C/EBP β is a potential target of miR-155.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the advances of studies on vitamin D receptor and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>A comprehensive search of the PubMed literatures without restriction on the publication date was carried out using keywords such as vitamin D receptor and diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Articles related to vitamin D receptor and diabetic nephropathy were selected and carefully analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ligands as well as construction and tissue distribution of vitamin D receptor were summarized. Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy was analyzed. The mechanisms underlying the renoprotective role of vitamin D receptor including inhibition of renin-angiotensin system, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and the reduction of proteinuria were reviewed. Mounting evidences from animal and clinical studies have suggested that vitamin D therapy has beneficial effects on the renal systems and the underlying renoprotective mechanisms of the vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling pathways is a hot research topic.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggests that vitamin D receptor has a great potential for preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy via multiple mechanisms.</p>