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Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 24(3): 218-224, jul.-sept. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-549859

ABSTRACT

La alta incidencia de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAMA) al tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) en pacientes con VIH/SIDA puede afectar la calidad de vida y adherencia al tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de RAMA del TARGA inicial e identificar los factores asociados con la ocurrencia de RAMA al recibir dicha terapia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte histórica con todos los pacientes VIH (+) mayores de 18 años que recibieron TARGA por primera vez en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, con un seguimiento de 360 días desde la primera prescripción. Se recabó las RAMA de las historias clínicas y tarjetas de control. Resultados: Se incluyeron 353 pacientes, se encontró una incidencia acumulada de 66,7 por ciento de efectos adversos al TARGA inicial y una densidad de incidencia de 9,1 eventos de RAMA por 10 personas año de seguimiento (IC95 por ciento: 8,1-10,1). Anemia (23,4 por ciento), náuseas (20,6 por ciento) y rash (17,2 por ciento) fueron las RAMA más frecuentes. El uso de drogas (OR 2,40; IC95 por ciento 1,01-5,67); consumo de alcohol (OR 0.32; IC95 por ciento: 0,19-0,55) y estadio SIDA (OR 0,20; IC95 por ciento: 0,04-0,95) estuvieron asociadas con la presencia de RAMA. Conclusiones: Existe un alta incidencia de RAMA, siendo la anemia la más frecuente. El uso de drogas es un factor de riesgo para presentar RAMA.


The high incidence of adverse reactions to the high activity antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in patients with HIV/AIDS, can affect their quality of life and adherence to the treatment. Objectives: To determinate the incidence of adverse reactions to the initial HAART and to identify the factors associated to the occurrence of adverse reactions when receiving this therapy. Material and methods: Historic cohort study. The population was conformed by all the HIV-infected adult patients (younger 18 years old) receiving HAART for the first time in Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital. 353 clinic histories were reviewed and their respective control cards. The following for 360 days alter the first prescription was realized. Results: It was found an accumulated incidence of 66,7 per cent adverse reactions to initial HAART and an incidence density of 9,1 events of adverse reactions for 10 persons-year of follow-up (95 per cent CI: 8,1-10,1); being anemia (23,4 per cent), nausea (20,6 per cent) and rash (17,2 per cent) the most frequent adverse reactions. It was found significant associations with the following factors: drug use (OR 2,40; 95 per cent CI: 1,01-5,67); alcohol consume (OR 0,32; 95 per cent CI: 0,19-0,55) and AIDS stadium (OR 0,20; 95 per cent CI: 0,04-0,95). Conclusions: There is a high incidence of adverse reactions to initial HAART, being anemia the most frequent. The drug consume is a risk factor to present adverse reactions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , HIV , Incidence , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
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