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The prevalence of asthma in children has increased significantly, and the onset age is becoming younger.An early diagnosis of asthma in young children under 5 years of age, and early effective interventions are necessary.The diagnosis criteria of asthma in children under 5 years old at home and abroad have been revised, and multiple asthma prediction tools have been applied to the early diagnosis.However, a consensus on the diagnosis of asthma in high-risk children under 5 years of age still lacks.This study aims to review the domestic and foreign diagnostic criteria of asthma in children under 5 years of age and research progress of asthma prediction tools, aiming to improve the early identification and early diagnosis of childhood asthma by pediatricians, so as to carry out early interventions and achieve a good control.
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A male patient, with diagnose of Madelung disease, was admitted in September 2009. He has been a heavy drinker for decades before onset of the disease. This patient was characterized by the large amount of symmetrical deposits of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer around neck, and without obesity on other sites. The excessive adipose tissue was surgically removed by three steps. Appearance almost returned to normal. No recurrence happened after 8 years of follow-up.
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AIM:To study the effects of antagonistic peptides binding specifically with the first and second extracellular loops (ECL1 and ECL2) of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on the colitis rats induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and the mechanisms.METHODS:The colitis model of SD rats was induced by TNBS (100 mg/kg).The effects of 2 antagonistic peptides at different doses (ECL1:25, 35 and 45 mg/kg;ECL2:15, 25 and 35 mg/kg) on the model rats including the changes of disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) and histological grading were observed.The mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and COX-2 in the colonic mucosa were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with model group, the changes of DAI, CMDI and histopathological injury of the rats treated with ECL2 antagonistic peptide HY at an appropriate dose were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and COX-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05).However, the effects of ECL1 antagonistic peptide GH on all scores and the expression levels of TNF-α and COX-2 were not obvious.CONCLUSION:ECL2 antagonistic peptide HY relieves TNBS-induced colitis in SD rats via down-regulating the expressions of TNF-α and COX-2 in the colonic mucosa, while the effect of ECL1 antagonist peptide GH was not obvious.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of antagonistic peptide specifically binding to the second extracellular loop of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on inflammatory cell infiltration and TNF-α expression in lung tissues of asthmatic mice.METHODS: The asthmatic model of BALB/c mice was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and the optimal sensitization concentration of OVA was screened.After modeling, the mice were intervened by gradual concentrations of antagonistic peptide via tail-vein injection.The pathocytological analysis and grading were performed in the lung tissues with HE staining.The expression of TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels in the lung tissues was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: The optimal concentration of OVA was 500 mg/L (0.1 mL) as this concentration of OVA stably induced moderate degree of inflammation in the BALB/c mice.Treatment with different concentrations (1.5 g/L, 2.5 g/L and 3.5 g/L) of antagonistic peptide at 0.2 mL through tail-vein injection inhibited the expression of TNF-α, and markedly reduced the degree of inflammation in the lung tissues.The optimal concentration of antagonistic peptide was 2.5 g/L as the lung inflammation degree in 2.5 g/L group alleviated by 2 grades, and the number of inflammatory cells was also significantly reduced.Moreover, the mRNA expression abundance of TNF-α was nearly decreased by 90%, and the protein expression of TNF-α was decreased by 70% compared with model group.Meanwhile, the use of antagonistic peptide at 2.5 g/L before OVA stimulation confirmed the preventive function to some degree.In this group, the lung inflammation degree alleviated by 1 grade, and the expression of TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels decreased by nearly 50%.CONCLUSION: The antagonistic peptide of CCR5 effectively inhibits the expression of TNF-α and relieves the inflammation in the asthmatic mouse lung tissues in a concentration-dependent manner.
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AIM:To analyze the expression of CCR5 and correlation with the expression ofβ-arrestin 2 in the intestinal mucosa of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) , so as to study the role of CCR5 andβ-arrestin 2 in the pathogenesis of IBD.METHODS:Paraffin sections of the colonic mucosa were prepared from 53 patients with active IBD, 26 patients with remissive IBD and 30 healthy people.Immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to test the expression of CCR5 andβ-arrestin 2 in the biopsic intestinal mucosa.RESULTS:The positive rate, strongly posi-tive rate and immunohistochemical score of CCR5 expression in active IBD were significantly higher than those in normal controls or remissive IBD (P<0.05).No correlation of CCR5 expression with clinical severity, lesion distribution, and endoscopic grade in active IBD was observed.The expression ofβ-arrestin 2 was significantly lower in active IBD than that in the remissive IBD and normal controls, and there was a negative correlation ofβ-arrestin 2 expression with CCR5 expres-sion (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The expression of CCR5 is higher, and expression ofβ-arrestin 2 is lower, and there is a negative correlation of expression of CCR5 with expression ofβ-arrestin 2 in intestinal mucosa of the active IBD.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To pan the active peptides which specifically bound to the first and second extracellular membrane loops of rat CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR5 ) .METHODS: The technique of phage display peptide library was used and binding ability of the peptides was identified.The amino acid sequences of the first and second extracellular loops of rat CCR5 were searched in the protein database and chemically synthesized corresponding linear peptides were used as targets in the biopanning.After 3 to 4 rounds of screening with Ph.D.TM-7 Phage Display Peptide Library were per-formed, the specific phages were collected and primarily identified by ELISA.RESULTS:The sequences of the peptides displayed on the selected phages were GHWKVWL and HYIDFRW, both of them exhibited positive in phage binding ELISA and the binding to phages and targets were concentration dependent and saturable.CONCLUSION:Two antagonis-tic active peptides specifically binding to CCR5 were successfully obtained by the technique of phage display peptide librar-y, and the binding ability to the first and second extracellular membrane loops of rat CCR5 were proved in vitro.
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[Objective] This study was designed to determine Th1, Th2 cell numbers and investigate T-bet mRNA, GATA-3 mRNA expression of spleen MNC in a mufine asthmatic model which intended to understand effect of airway T-bet plasmid gene transfer on Th differentiation. [ Methods] A mouse asthmatic model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (8 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A ), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). All animals were sensitized and challenged with OVA, except group A normal saline was applied. The group C was intranasally administered 50 μg pcDNA3 plasmid at 24 h before intranasal challenges, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice of group D. We investigated Th1 and Th2 cell numbers by FACS and T-bet, GATA-3mRNA expression of spleen mononuclear cells (MNC) by semi-quantitative PCR in the four groups. [Result] Th1 percent in spleen MNC of pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice was significantly increased ([2.29±1.551% vs. [1.93±1.141%, P<0.05), while Th2 percent was significantly decreased ([0.93±0.64]% vs. [1.63±0.59]%), compared with that of the asthmatic control group mice by FACS. Spleen MNC was detected a high level of T-bet mRNA expression (0.53±0.027 vs. 0.28±0.035, P<0.05) and a low level of GATA-3 mRNA expression (0.24±0.022 vs. 0.58±0.038, P<0.05) after pcDNA3-T-bet treatment by RT-PCR. There was no significant change between the pcDNA3 plasmid group and the asthmatic model group. [Conclusion] The intranasal transfer of pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid was effective in modulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 in mice asthma model, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for transferring transcriptional factor in allergic asthma.
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[Objective] To investigate the changes of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells (Tr) in peripheral blood and their relation with their body mass index (BMI) of children with acute attack asthma. [Methods] Peripheral blood was obtained from 70 children with acute attack asthma, 30 remission children, and 50 normal control children. Then 70 children with acute attack asthma, were divided by normal weight group (40 cases) and overweight group (30 cases). The levels of CD4~+CD25~+Tr of the patients were tested by flow cytometry (FCM), and their BMI were calculated. [ Results] The levels of CD4~+ CD25~+ Tr [(6.17± 1.72)%] in acute attack group were lower than that in remission group [(7.56±1.48)%] or that in the control group [(7.13± 1.48)%] (P<0.05), but no difference between that in the remission and that in the control (P>0.05). The CD4~+CD25~+Tr of asthmatic children with normal weight [(6.34±1.71)%] was higher than that of asthmatic children with overweight [(4.74±1.20)%] (P<0.05). There was a remarkably negative correlation between the level of CD4~+ CD25~+ Tr of asthmatic children [(6.17±1.72)%] and the BMI (16.00±2.14) (r_p=-0.814, P<0.05). [Conclusion] The levels of CD4~+ CD25~+Tr are remarkable decrease in attack asthmatic children, and more decrease in overweight patients. There is remarkably negative correlation between the levels of CD4~+CD25~+ Tr in peripheral blood of attack asthmatic children and their BMI.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid inhalation on the levels of CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of asthmatic children. METHODS: Glucocorticoid inhalator was inhaled by 70 children with attack asthma. The levels of CD4~+CD25~+ Tr in peripheral blood of asthmatic children were tested by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: The CD4~+CD25~+ Tr levels in peripheral blood of asthmatic children were (5.62% ± 1.29% ) and (7.05% ± 1.61%) before and after of regulated glucocorticoid inhalation, respectively (P<0.01). The Tr levels were (7.56% ± 1.88% ) , (7.09% ± 1.23% ) and (6.11% ± 1.96% ) in the complete control group, part control group and poor control group, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). The Tr level in formal treatment group (7.05% ±1.61%) was higher than that in irregular treatment group ( 5.91 % ± 1.76% ), P < 0.01.CONCLUSION: The level of CD4~+CD25~+ Tr is remarkable increased by regulated glucocorticoid inhalation, and the level of Tr can reflect the effects of glucocorticoid inhalation.
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Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH).Methods The clinical data of 15 FNH patients proved by pathological examination were retrospectively analyzedResults Most cases of FNH were asymptomatic,and some had nonspecific symptom such as dull pain of upper abdomen.Most cases of FNH showed nodular lesion on liver imaging with isodensity or hypodensity on pre-contrast CT scan and strong enhancement during arterial phase.of the 15 FNH patients,5 eases were diagnosed by needle biopsy pathology,10 cases were diagnosed by postoperative pathology.And 10 cases underwent surgical resection(7 cages with irregular hepatectomy,1 case with resection of segment 7,2 cases with left lateral lobeetomy),2 cases underwent percutaneous transhepafic chemical ablation,3 cases underwent clinical observation.All cases were followed up,and no recurence or malignancy were found.Conclusion FNH is a kind of benign tumor of liver without specific clinical manifestation.Accurate diagnosis needs pathological examination.Surgical treatment is recommended in most cages.Close follow-up is recommended in cases without operation.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of T-bet plasmid gene transfer to airway on allergen induced airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model. METHODS: A mouse asthma model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), and the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). The animals in group B, C and D were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals in group A were applied with normal saline. pcDNA3 plasmid at dose of 50 μg was intranasally administered at 24 h before intranasal challenges to the mice in group C, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice in group D. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lung tissues were resected at 48 h after OVA challenge for later assay. RESULTS: After administration with pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid, high level of T-bet expression at 48 h was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. In pcDNA3-T-bet treated asthmatic models, histological evaluation revealed the significant suppression of eosinophil peribronchial and perivascular infiltration, and reduction of epithelial damage. The numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF from pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in asthmatic control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in pcDNA3-T-bet group compared to that in asthmatic control group (P<0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in BALF was significantly increased in pcDNA3-T-bet group. No significant change of inflammation cells and cytokines in pcDNA3 plasmid group and asthmatic control group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid transfer inhibits asthmatic airway inflammation in the murine asthmatic model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial embolization(TAE) for intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture in hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods 50 cases with ruptured HCC were divided into 4 groups according to the type of their previous treatment:group A,TAE followed by elective hepatectomy 12;Group B,TAE alone 12;Group C,emergency operation 13;Group D,medical conservative management.Results Celiac arterio-graphy done before the present treatment showed extravasation of contrast material in 6(25%) of the 24 patients in group A and B,and hypervascular tumor was observed in the rest.The hemostasis success rate of group A,B and C were 100%,which were much higher than that of group D(40%)(P
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Objective To investigate the clinical, pathological and endoscopic features of patients with ulcerative pancolitis (PUC) and distal colitis (DUC) and their differentiations. Methods The clinical, pathological and endoscopic data of 52 patients with PUC and 97 patients with DUC were analyzed by case-control study. Results The incidence and the frequency of bloody stool in patients with PUC were both higher than those in DUC (90.38% vs. 71.13%, P
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In this study,IL-4 and IL-12 levels in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) as well as serum IgE level were prospectively assessed with double-antibody sandwich ELISA technique in children with asthma during the attack group (30 cases)and the interval group(12 cases).The results observed revealed that serum IgE level and IL-4 level in plasma and PBMC after PHA and LPS provocation during both of the attack stage and the interval stage were found to be evidently higher than those of the normal control group (P＜0.01).Otherwise,IL-12 level during both stages was much lower than that of the normal control(P＜0.01).In other hand,there were found to have a significant difference in all these 3 data between attack and interval stages.Thus, the conclusion indicates that there might be an imbalance of IL-4,IL-12 and IgE level in children with asthma during both of the attack and the interval stages.
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0 05) There was significant difference of relieve of abdominal pain in every group before treatment,and in 3 days,1 week after treatment (P0 05) The main adverse drug reactions were nause,vomiting,anorexia and mild diarrhoea,and special taste in a few cases Total incidence of adverse reaction was 28% in group A,4 3% in group B and 25% in group C There were significant differences among three groups(P
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AIM and METHODS: To study the immunological effect of measles vaccine therapy on asthmatic children, we examined the changes of interleukin-12 , interleukin-13 and total serum IgE levels in plasma and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) supernatant by means of ELISA in 13 mild-moderate asthmatic children treated with measles vaccine. Results were compared with 12 anti-symptomatic treatment mild-moderate asthmatic children and 17 normal children control group. RESULTS:After measles vaccine treatment, IL-13 and total serum IgE levels decreased remarkably, statistically lower than that of group receiving only anti-symptomatic treatment. There was no statistical difference in IL-12 level between the two group. Correlation analysis: 1)IL-12 level of plasma was negatively correlated to the level of serum total IgE, there was no correlation of supernatant IL-12 in PBMC to the total serum IgE; 2)IL-13 levels in plasma and PBMC were positively correlated to the level of total serum IgE; 3) IL-12 level was negatively correlated to IL-13. CONCLUSION: Measles vaccine could down-regulate IL-13 level, therefore decrease total IgE synthesis, but not affect IL-12 level in asthmatic children.