ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system， and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing year by year. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are unable to receive surgery due to the advanced stage. Although chemotherapy regimens based on gemcitabine and fluorouracil have prolonged the survival time of patients to some extent， some patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy and hence lose the opportunity for treatment. With the advent of the era of precision medicine， molecular-targeted therapy has exhibited an excellent therapeutic efficacy and has thus become one of the most important treatment techniques for tumors； however， due to the high heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer and its complicated tumor microenvironment， molecular-targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer has not achieved notable results. Therefore， it is imperative to seek new therapeutic targets and medications to overcome this issue. This article reviews the latest advances in the research on molecular-targeted therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer based on common molecular targets and tumor immunity-related therapeutic targets， in order to provide new treatment strategies for patients with pancreatic cancer.
ABSTRACT
Adoptive cell immunotherapy has been a hot spot in tumor research in recent years. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have achieved great success in hematological tumors and have changed the current tumor treatment landscape to a certain extent. However, the application of CAR-T therapy in clinics is limited due to its serious side effects and high treatment costs. Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune cells in the body and have native cytotoxicity and well safety. NK cells based on CAR engineering (CAR-NK) have shown powerful anti-tumor activity and safety in preclinical research and could be the next generation of CAR platform-based cellular immunotherapy. This review will systematically introduce the current research status of CAR-NK cells in lymphoma.
ABSTRACT
Results of the IMbrave150 clinical study showed that atezolizumab plus bevaci-zumab have better overall survival and progression-free survival than sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. However, hepatocellular carcinoma patients with esophageal varices were not included in the IMbrave150 clinical study mainly considering the bleeding risk of patients undergoing treatment of bevacizumab. The authors introduce the atezolizumab plus bevaci-zumab treatment of an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patient with moderate esophageal varices. By reducing the dose of bevacizumab, the patient achieved an excellent curative effect.
ABSTRACT
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of bile ducts, and although it has a low incidence rate, most patients are in the end stage at the time of diagnosis since there are no prominent clinical manifestations at disease onset. Since there are problems such as insufficient treatment options, poor prognosis, and low survival rates, it is urgent to find new treatment methods to make breakthroughs in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. With the in-depth studies on cholangiocarcinoma gene mapping and the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, a number of potential targets have been discovered, such as FGFR and IDH1/2, making targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma a feasible treatment option. Targeted therapy is a treatment modality that blocks the growth of tumor cells by interfering with the specific molecules involved in tumor cell growth, with the advantages of high specificity, low toxicity, and considerable therapeutic effect. In recent years, targeted therapy has become a research hotspot in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. This article elaborates on the current status and challenges in targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.